1、2014年福建高考新增词汇detailnoun.1.事实,信息【C】细微之处,枝节,琐事 the details【U】详情,全部细节 in detail have an eye for detail 善于发现并记住细节【pl】details 关于某事物的资料,消息2.士兵,特遣队,小分队verb.详细列举,详细说明,派遣,彻底清洗汽车【词组】for further details 为了知道详细情况go / enter into details 详述,逐一细说in detail 详细地detail by detail 逐一【区别】detailed 详细的,细致的 detailing 建筑、服装的
2、装饰细部【BG小试】1.The president has told his friends that he is sick but will not admit it _.A. in private B. in secret C. in public D. in detail答案 C. in public.注释in public 公开地,当众;in private 私下;in secret秘密地; in detail 详细地。 2. In an extraordinary _exposition Auckland Museum pays honor to this greatNew Zeal
3、ander,.A. simple B. large C. detailed D. great 答案C detailed这一过去分词的意思是“详细的”。我有话说issuenoun.【C】重要议题,争论的问题 a big issue 重大问题 raise the issue of提出问题 【C】有关某事的问题,担忧 【C】报刊的一期,期号 【C】邮票、钱币、股份 一次发行额或一套 【C】法律上的子女、后嗣verb. 1.宣布公布发出 issue sth to sb 2.给,正式发给,供给 issue sth to sb issue sb with sth 3.报刊出版 4.发行邮票、股票、钱币【词
4、组】 issue from sth 从中发出来 be at issue 是讨论的焦点 take issue with sb (about/on/over sth)向某人提出异议,开始与某人争论【区别】problem: 指客观上存在的、难以处理或难以理解的问题。question: 通常指用口头或书面提出来要求回答或有待讨论解决的问题issue: 多指意见能达到一致的问题,但要通过争论或讨论解决。matter: 含义不很具体,暗示人们考虑和关心的事和话题。【BG小试】It was with great delight that I read in your February _ the lette
5、r to the Editor written by Prof. Johnson.A. issue B. printing C. magazine D. copy答案 A. issue.注释 根据题意,此处是指某杂志二月份的那一期,故应选 issue。printing 印刷;印刷术。至于 copy 与 issue 的区别,copy 指书刊的“本,册”;而 issue 是指报刊或杂志的“期”.本题译文: 非常高兴地拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载的约翰逊教授致编辑的信.我有话说capableadj.有能力,有才能,能力强,足以信任的 capable of (doing) sth【区别】able, c
6、apable, competentable为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好
7、的大夫。)competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)我有话说criticaladj.1.批评的(阅读理解作者的观点态度),批判性的,挑剔的 critical of sb/sth 2.极重要的,关键的 be critical to 3.严重的,危险的 4.有判断能力的,判断公正的 5.艺术音乐文学的评论【拓展】赞美/批评 praise think highly of / blame sb for sth/ sb is to
8、 blamecriticize /scold sb. for sth. have a low opinion of sb speak ill of我有话说efficientadj.效率高的,有能力的 fuel-efficient cars 节能汽车【区别】effective, efficient均可表示“有效的”。 effective常用以指物,强调能产生某种预期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如:The German telephone
9、system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。)我有话说factornoun.1.【C】因素,要素2.【C】增或减的数量、倍数verb.把.因素包括进去【词组】factor sth in/into take many factors into account/ consideration考虑到诸多因素【拓展】作文表达“原因”的句式1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account
10、 for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that. 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include. 5. The change in .largely results from the fact that. 6. We may blame .,but the real causes are. 7. Part o
11、f the explanations for it is that . 8.One of the most common factors (causes ) is that . 9.Another contributing factor (cause ) is . 10.Perhaps the primary factor is that 11.But the fundamental cause is that . 【BG小试】All the - indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.A. evidence B. fact
12、 C. factors D. cause答案:A考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的迹象表明他已经深陷这次犯罪。Evidence迹象;fact事实; factors因素; cause原因。根据句意选A。我有话说highlightverb.突出、强调、使醒目、挑染(把头发部分染色)noun.最好、最精彩的部分、挑染的部分头发(highlights)investigationnoun.【C/U】正式的调查、侦查 investigation into . under investigation【BG小试】All factries and mines are _by government officials
13、.A.examined B.surveyed C.inspected D.investigated答案:选Cinspect主要是检查、审查的意思比如:inspect the passport检查户照而investigate表示调查比如:FBI investigator联邦调查局探员我有话说significantadi.有重大意义的、显著的、意味深长的 significant other 有特殊关系的那一位(配偶、情人) significant figure 有效数字【区别】significant/important/vital/serioussignificant:有意义的,相当数量的,意味深
14、长的,重要的,重大的意指由于特别地富有意义或特别的优秀而非常突出的事物,不一定意示紧迫或强有力.This is an event of worldwide significance.这是一个具有世界意义(重要性)的事件.A students school result prove significant for his or her future career.事实表明,学生的学习成绩对他(她)未来的事业具有重要意义important重要的这是最为通用的,也远比其他各词(significant;consequential;momentous;vital)较非正式的词,它几乎可以含示此处其他各词
15、较为确切指明的每一种含义.Nothing is more important than health in ones life.在人们的生活中,没有任何东西比健康更重要了This is one of the most important battles of the war.这是这场战争中最重要的战斗之一.vital 表示极其重要,生死悠关;serious 表示严肃的重大的,与轻松相对。如Im serious.我说正经的。我有话说vary注意过去式和过去分词 varied variedverb.1.(大小、形状等)相异、不同,有别 vary ineg:New techniques were i
16、ntroduced with varying degree of success . 引进新技术的成功程度不尽相同。2.变化、变更、改变 vary from.to vary between A and Beg:What time do you start work ? It varies .没准儿3.改变【BG小试】1. Varieties of household goods are sold here, _from babies toys to old mens walking sticks.A. changing B. varying C. ranging D. classifying2
17、.People _ one another in their potential to sort out problems. A. diverse from B. vary from C. vary with D. vary in 我有话说economynoun.1.经济,经济状况,经济结构 the economy2.(就经济而言)国家、经济制度3.【C/U】节约、节省、节俭我很少出现,你要把我存在深深的脑海里eg:We need to make substantial economies 我们需要力行节俭。eg:She writes with a great economy of words
18、 .她写文字非常简练。eg:We are on an economy driveat home .我们正在家里实行勤俭节约。【区别】economy、economics、economic、economical、economy - 经济;economics - 经济学;economical - 节俭的,合算的,经济的economic是economy的形容词形式,economical也是economy的形容词形式economic, economical两个词都可译成“经济的”,但含义不同。economic用以指与贸易、工业或财富等有关的“经济上的”或“有关经济学方面”的意义,means having
19、 to do with the economy or the study of economics.一般用作定语。如:They are faced with many economic problems.他们面临许多经济问题。The country is in a bad economic state, so we must reduce profits.国家经济状况不佳,所以我们应减少利润。economical则指与“节约”同义的“经济”,相当于not wasteful。既可指人也可指物,既可作表语也可作定语。means careful or prudent in managing fina
20、nces, money- saving.如:This is an economical stove.这是一种经济煤炉。She is an economical housekeeper and feeds her family cheaply.她是一个节俭的家庭主妇,她全家的花销不大。economically is the adverb form of both words.【BG小试】1.Because of the severe international situation, the government has urged people to be _ with food and wat
21、er. A. thrift B. economic C. economical D. economy答案C 参考译文 由于国际形势严峻,政府决定要求人民节约食物和水。试题分析 本题是形近词词义辨析题。 详细解答 economical意为“节俭的,节约的”;economic意为“经济(上)的”;economy意为“经济”;thrift意为“节俭”,是名词。2. It seems to me that her difficulties are _. A、economic B、economical C、economy D、economics我有话说resourcenoun.【C usually pl
22、】资源、财力 natural resources pool resources 收集资源 别人总把我当不可数,我是可数名词!常用复数 【C】有助于实现目标的东西,资料 【pl】勇气、才智、谋略 我很少出现,要记住我verb.向提供资金或设备【拓展】resourceful 机敏的,足智多谋的 source 是来源、出处、根源、原因 at source 在源头,一开始【区别】resource 和 sourceresource 是资源的意思,比较抽象,比如劳动力资源,人力资源,社会资源等等,是在需要的时候可以依赖的东西。Source是来源的意思,比较实际,比如水源,动力源、自然资源等等,表示某样东西
23、起源于什么,通过什么源头可以获得。human resource 是表示人力资源,是一种比较笼统的人力供应情况,而human source 则表示与人类有关的某些事物的来源,比如感染源是人类的禽流感 human source of bird flu.water resource 表示水力资源,是一种关于综合水量的一种状况,water source则是指某个具体水源,比如自来水的水源,河流的源头等等【BG小试】1. Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; t
24、he D. the; a 2. It is known that water is not _ endless resource, nor _ that can be made once more. A. the; / B. an; one C. an; that D. /; one 3. Do you know the _ of the saying I just quoted?A. resource B. source C. course D. cause我有话说careernoun.1.生涯、职业 a career in politics 从政生涯 eg:That will be a g
25、ood career move .那将是事业发展上明智的一步。 2.经历、事业verb.尤指车辆失控地猛冲,疾驰,飞奔【拓展】career break 离职期【区别】career 和 jobcareer:职业:经过选择的职业;需要专门知识或特殊训练的职业或工作生涯,经历:某人工作经历或事业上取得成就的总的过程或进程以为终生职业或终生工作的job:趣味理解工作:为换取报酬而进行的日常活动,尤指作为某人的手艺、行业或职业的工作职业,职位:某人受雇佣的职位都是职业,但意义都有所特指。career,职业生涯。最早接触这个词,是玩FIFA,有个career 模式。就是说,选一个球员,一直玩到他退役。ca
26、reer的词根是car,后缀是er,意思是,车行驶的跑道。选择了career的人,都是沿着这个跑道直到终点结束,这期间不会偏离跑道,就好像人的一生,都行驶在这样的一条路上。这是一种可以为之倾付精力、脑力、体力的职业。vocation,词根是voc,意思是呼唤,召唤。名词化之后的意思就是,来自于召唤的工作,服从召唤的工作,当然不同于使命。使命是那种与生俱来,你不得不去做的事情,而vocation,是有那种被召唤回归的感觉,也就是说,一种特别有天赋的工作,天赋予你才能了,唤醒你的动力而为之,这就是vocation。用圣斗士的行话,“我的小宇宙燃烧吧”。occupation,词源是ouccpy,占据
27、的意思,有不得不为之的意思。什么叫占据呢?就是说这工作不得不做。job,学习英语最早接触的工作。可是人家外国人却不常用。因为job的的原意是“没意思”。如果追溯到词源,则是“别指望我有意思”的意思。job指工作,是在产业化革命的英国,当农民演变成工人的时候,因为都是处于背井离乡的状态,工人们思乡心切,对工作有埋怨情绪,就说自己是在job。现在中国的状态也是符合这四个单词的学习次序。大部分都还在job,要么背井离乡,要么工作不如意。为了生活,逐渐适应了工作,但还是乙方occupation。只有极少数的人能够从事那份vocation的工作,进而变成career。我有话说dramanoun.1.【C
28、】古装、历史等剧2.【C】戏剧文学、戏剧艺术、戏剧3.【C】戏剧性事件。戏剧性情节4.【U】激动、兴奋、刺激 熟词生义,需记忆 eg:You couldnt help being thrilled by the drama of the situation . 你不禁为这充满激情的场面激动不已。【词组】 make a drama out of sth 小题大做,大惊小怪 drama queen 小题大做的人【区别】 drama 和 theatre drama主要是戏剧节目,演出等。 theatre主要是电影院,剧院等建筑,也指戏剧演出我有话说emotionaladj.1.感情的、情感的、情绪的
29、 2.激起感情的、有感染力的、激动人心的【区别】emotive 和emotionaemotive adj. 使感动的, 感情的, 动感情的是使动emotional adj. 情绪的; 情感的是一般形容词类比interesting和interested【BG小试】1. I like reading poems, because poems can _certain _. A. convey; emotion B. convey; emotions C. express; emotions D. explain; emotions我有话说impact noun.1.巨大影响、强大作用 2.撞击、冲
30、撞、冲击力verb.1.对某事物有影响、作用 impact on/upon2.冲击、撞击【区别】affect和influence和impact的区别affect 作主语通常是物而不是人,指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们所有的人。influence 侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响,也可指自然力的影响。The labour enthusiasm of the workers strongly influenced us.工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。Its all too eas
31、y to be influenced by our parents. 我们容易受父母的影响。The weather influences crops. 天气影响农作物。impact 是不及物动词,对某物有强烈影响(have a strong effect)(+on)High interest rates have impacted on retail spending.高利率对零售消费产生了剧烈的影响。These costs will impact on our profitability.这些费用会影响到我们的利润。另:have an effect / influence / impact
32、on对有影响【BG小试】1. Considering the severe fact of global warming, the top _ of all nations is to reduce CO2 emissions and increase use of renewable energy. A. priority B. impact C. issue D. event 优先考虑的事2. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily _ and e
33、ffect.A. reason B. impact C. fact D. cause本题考查词义理解和同义词辨析。reason意为“理由”,用来解释某种现象或结果,或对事物的起因、行为的意图等给予合情合理、合乎逻辑的解释。fact意为“事实;真相”,指something that you know has happened or is true。cause意为“原因”,指造成某一事实、现象或产生某种结果的直接原因,和effect连用,表因果。impact作“影响”讲时,表示一个事物对另一个事物的影响或印象。这句句子的意思是“根据最近的研究,经常喝咖啡和心脏病并没有必要的因果关系。我有话说rel
34、ease verb.1.释放,放出,放走2.放开,松开,使自由移动3.情感的发泄,宣泄4.免除,解除(某人的职责、责任、合同),解雇5.机器部件的松开6.使不紧张,使松弛7.公开,公布,发布noun.释放,公开,化学物质排放、遗漏,解脱、轻松感【BG小试】1. During the 2008 financial crisis,the French president Nicolas Sarkozy agreed to provide millions of emergency fund aid to help _unemployment.Arelease BresembleCrelieve D
35、recommend解析:句意:2008年经济危机时,法国总统尼古拉萨科齐同意提供数百万紧急资金援助,以帮助缓解(relieve)失业问题。relieve缓解,减轻,解除;release释放,发行;resemble相似,像;recommend推荐,建议。答案:C2. Dont _ the news to the public until we give you the go-ahead (许可,准许). A. release B. discard C. relieve D. retain答案A, release.注释release(=allow news to be published)发布(新
36、闻):Details of the scheme have not yet been released to the public.(这项计划的细节尚未向公众发布。)relieve 1)减轻(痛苦,紧张情绪等):What will relieve a headache? This will help to relieve our hardship. 2)使放心,使宽慰:The good news relieved us, for we had been very anxious. 3)赈济,救济:The fund is for relieving distress among the floo
37、d victims. 4)relieve.from(of)解除,免除; a. This medicine will help to relieve you from your pain. b. He was relieved of his duties.retain(= keep; continue to have or hold)保持,继续保有:1)She retains a clear memory of her schooldays. 2)You must retain your tickets.3. Psychologists say that_ our emotions will m
38、ake us feel better and there is nothing to be ashamed of. A. relieving B. relaxing C. releasing D. removing我有话说transferverb.1.使转移,搬迁 transfer fromto2.到新的工作/学校/环境 使调动,转职,转学,改变(环境)3.转移感情、传染疾病、转让权利4.财产转让 transfer sth to5.转会、使转会,尤指足球队6.交通工具的转换noun.为上面动词意义【区别】shift、transform、alter和transfer的区别shift 通常指同一类
39、属的位置方向的转变,或较小的改变。 transform 则指深刻、彻底的变化,由一种形式变为另一种形式,可以指外表,也可指性质、特点、功能的改变。 alter 则是在原来面貌的基础上进行改变,如衣服的改大改小,装修中房屋作用的改变,比如由卧室改为会客厅等。 transfer 一般多指转送或移交迁移,尤其指交通运输中的职务调动或换乘等。 Can you help me shift the desk to the study? 能不能帮我个忙,把这个书桌搬到书房里去?【BG小试】1. In just a decade, the company has been _ from a family bu
40、siness to a large operation.(2011重庆师大附中月考) A. transformed B. transmitted C. transferred D. transported解析:A考查动词词义辨析。此处transform意为:转型。2. The company is staring a new advertising campaign to _ new customers to its stores. A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer我有话说curiositynoun.1.【U】好奇心、求知欲 curiosity about sth curiosity to do 2.【C】罕见而有趣之物、奇物、珍品【词组】curiosity killed the cat 好奇心能要猫的命(让别人别提问或打听与己无关的事情)【拓展】常考形容词 curious be curious about/to do【区别】curious 和 nosycurious形容词 好奇的nosy形容词 好管闲事的;爱追问的,跟gossip差不多,贬义高考加油!