1、Section Learning about Language 一 二 三 四 一、学习下面的生词,并选择合适的词或词组完成句子castle 城堡 painting 绘画;画 local 本地的;当地的 take apart 拆开 1.I know you developed your business with _ people.Whatmade you do that?2.Its easy to a watch but difficult to put it together again.3.The prince lived in a large and beautiful .4.The
2、Wan Fung Art Gallery will host a joint show of oil _ by 10 young and middle-aged artists.local take apart castle paintings 一 二 三 四 二、读下列谚语或名言,并标出定语从句 1.He that marries for wealth sells liberty.为钱结婚,出卖自由。2.A friend is a present which you give yourself.朋友是自己送给自己的礼物。3.A critic is a man who knows the wa
3、y but cant drive the car.批评家是一个知道路但不会开车的人。4.Science is the most important and the most beautiful thing that man ever needs.科学是人类在任何时候都需要的最重要的、最美丽的东西。一 二 三 四 三、将下列两个简单句合并成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句 1.My little brother likes reading Harry Potter.It is an interesting book._ 2.He failed in the exam.It made his pa
4、rents a little disappointed._ My little brother likes reading Harry Potter,which is aninteresting book.He failed in the exam,which made his parents a littledisappointed.一 二 三 四 3.The old man has two sons.Both of them are doctors._ 4.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase.The price of it was very
5、reasonable._ 5.I have lost the book.My father bought it for my sixteenth birthday._ The old man has two sons,both of whom are doctors.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of whichwas very reasonable.I have lost the book,which my father bought for my sixteenth birthday.一 二 三 四 四、阅读下面的幽
6、默故事,试着找出其中的三个定语从句 A Holiday from School Tommy was a student who hated school.He was always looking for excuses not to go to school.If he sneezed,he asked his mother to write a note saying he had a cold.If he had a headache,he asked his mother to take him to the doctor during school hours.He spent mo
7、re time at home than he did at school.On the days when he did go to school,he looked for excuses to come home early.One morning he came home when the lessons were only half finished.His father,who was surprised,said,“Youve come home early.Is the school closed today?”“No,Dad,”Tommy said.“Itsopen.I ca
8、me home early.”“How did you do that?”his father asked him.“What did you say to the teacher?”“I told her that I had a new baby brother and that I had to come home and help you.”“But your mother has had twins,”his father said,“a boy and a girl.Youve got a baby brother and a baby sister.”一 二 三 四“Yes,I
9、know,Dad,”Tommy said.“Im saving up my baby sister for next week.”1._ 2._ 3._ Tommy was a student who hated school.On the days when he did go to school,he looked for excuses tocome home early.His father,who was surprised,said,“Youve come home early.Is the school closed today?”1 2 1.The old man saw so
10、me Germans taking apart the Amber Roomand removing it.那位老人看见一些德国人正在把琥珀屋拆开并搬走。考点take apart 拆开 Children like taking apart toys.孩子们喜欢拆玩具。How dare you take apart your managers letter?你怎么敢拆开你经理的信件呢?1 2 apart是副词,意思是“分开地,有距离地”,常与动词搭配构成短语,如:tell/know.apart区别;辨认 stand apart分开站立 live apart分开住 set apart使与众不同;使
11、有别于 I cant tell the boy and his elder brother apart.我分不清这个男孩和他的哥哥。They were asked to stand apart.他们被要求分开站立。He lives apart from his family.他与家人不住在一起。The ability to think sets human beings apart from other animals.思维能力使人类有别于其他动物。1 2 活学活用 完成句子(1)你能帮我拆开这台机器吗?Can you help me this machine?(2)他们看起来一样,因此很难把
12、他们区分开。They look the same,so its hard to .take apart tell them apart 1 2 2.Grammar:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 考点一 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的定义(1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉后主句的意思往往不明确。(2)非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉后不会影响主句的意思,与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那套房子。(限制性)The house,which we bought la
13、st month,is very nice.这套房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)1 2 考点二 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的使用(1)当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词或指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如:Mr Smith,who was my teacher,retired last year.史密斯先生去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。(2)非限制性定语从句还能修饰整个主句,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,此时引导词多为as或which。如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upse
14、ts me.他似乎没领会我的意思,这使我很心烦。注意 关系代词that和关系副词why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。1 2 考点三as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 由as,which引导的非限制性定语从句,as和which可修饰整个主句,相当于and this或and that。as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以做主语或宾语。其区别为:(1)as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。其特点为:as仍具有“正如,像,由而知,与一致”等某些做连词时的含义,翻译时有时可不必译出。如:As we all know,Shakespe
15、are is a famous writer.众所周知,莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。1 2 在句法上,as常用作一些实义动词(如see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等)的宾语,这类动词与as几乎构成了一种固定搭配。如:Einstein,as we all know(=as is well known),is a famous scientist.众所周知,爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。as 从句可以前置,而which从句则不可以前置。(2)which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果。其特点为
16、:which此时就指前面主句所提到的这件事,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开,从句只能位于被修饰的主句的后面。如:The child had a fever every night,which worried his parents very much.这个孩子每晚发烧,这使他父母非常焦急。1 2 which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语,这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如:I bought my sister a big toy,which(=and that)delighted her greatly.我给妹妹买了一个大玩具,这使她非常高兴。当从句的
17、谓语动词是否定形式或从句谓语动词接的是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which而不宜用as。He pretended not to know me,which I didnt understand.他假装不认识我,这是我搞不明白的。He admires everyone in his class,which I find quite strange.他羡慕班里的每一位学生,我认为这太奇怪了。在从句中做定语或介词宾语时,要用which而不用as。如:She might come,in which case Ill ask her.她可能会来,要是那样的话,我就会问她。1 2 不能省去非限制性定语从句
18、中的be动词时,用which(反之则用as)。试比较:Jane told me she won the match,which was a lie.(was 不可省略)简告诉我她赢得了比赛,这是一个谎言。As(was)planned,we met at the airport.(可省略was)正如计划的那样,我们在机场见面。考点四 巧记定语从句规则 定语从句的规则比较零碎、复杂,下面教给大家一种巧妙的记忆方法:定(语)从(句)规则并不难,只要记住三个三。三个三是指:三允许,三必须,三不能。1 2 名称 内容 例句 三允许 1.允许不一致:定语从句和主句的时态可以不一致 Do you know
19、the boy who talkedwith our teacher just now?2.允许省略:在限制性定语从句中,如果引导词在从句中做宾语时(除其前有介词外)可以省略 The person(whom)you will visit is on business in Beijing.3.允许提前:当引导词做介词宾语时,介词可以提到引导词前面 Mr Wang,from whom I borrowed the bike,is kind to others.1 2 名称 内容 例句 三必须 1.必须一致:当引导词在从句中做主语时,其谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致 This is the book
20、 that is popular with the young people.2.必须用 that:关系代词在定语从句中做表语时或先行词由all,everything 等不定代词充当,又或者先行词由两个或两个以上的词充当时,必须用 that 引导定语从句 He told me allthat he knew.3.必须用 whom 或 which:当先行词前有介词时,必须用 whom 或which 引导定语从句 I paid a visit to the company in which you worked last year.1 2 名称 内容 例句 三不能 1.不能用 that 的情况:在
21、非限制性定语从句中或在“介词+引导词”结构中,不能用 that Last Sunday,I met Tom,whowas your best friend.2.不能提前:定语从句的引导词如果做 look after,take care of,look for 等的宾语时,介词不能提到先行词前面 This is the very thing that we are looking for.3.不能省略:定语从句的引导词在从句中做介词宾语,且介词提到引导词之前时,引导词不能省略 The flat in which he lives belongs to his uncle.1 2 活学活用 语法填
22、空(1)(2017全国高考卷改编)Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,is not good for the health.(2)(2018浙江高考改编)Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(3)(2018江苏高考改编)Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the
23、world are on the same starting line.(4)(2018天津高考改编)Kate,sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.(5)(2017全国高考卷改编)But Sarah,has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.which who where whose who 1 2(6)(2017
24、北京高考改编)The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(7)Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(8)Wind power(风能)is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.(9)is known to all,the sun rises in the east.(1
25、0)Peter has many friends,few can help him.(11)is often the case in science,there is no simple answer.(12)Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.(13)The school shop,customers are mainly students,isclosed for the holidays.that/which where to which As of whom As whose whose 1 2(14)Julie w
26、as good at German,French and Russian,all of _ she spoke fluently.(15)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.(16)The boy won first prize,made his parents happy.(17)Hes the famous scientist will give us a lecture next Thursday.(18)A go
27、od teacher is one students not only respect him but also love him.(19)On my way to work I met the girl about you told us yesterday.(20)I still remember the sweet girl helped us a lot.(21)At last the policeman found the man wallet was stolen on the bus.which which which who/that whose whom who/that w
28、hose 1 2(22)The river flows slowly around our farm is shallow(浅的)and clear.(23)The papers _ the policemen were searching for have been discovered here.(24)New York was the first city to she has ever been in her life.(25)The house is not the one it was when we lived in it.which/that that/which/不填which that