1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家.重点单词1attack vt.袭击；攻击2frightening adj.吓人的frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的frighten v(使)惊恐3exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在existing adj.目前的；现存的4sighting n(珍奇动物等的)目击；发现sight n视力，视觉；景象5mysterious adj.神秘的mystery n神秘；神秘的事物6claim vt.声称7calm adj.平静的；冷静的calmly adv.平静地；冷静地calmness n平静；冷静8sceptical adj.怀疑的；不相
2、信的9unlikely adj.不可能的likely adj.可能的10cover vt.占地(多大面积)covering n覆盖物.重点短语1stick out 突出，醒目；坚持2be back in the news再次成为新闻3claim to do sth.声称要做某事4on the surface of 在的表面5dive into the water 潜入水中6be sceptical of/about 怀疑7be unlikely to do sth.不可能8cover an area of 占的面积9close up 关闭10go close to 靠近1attack vt./
3、n.C，U袭击；攻击；(疾病)侵袭The enemy attacked this city during the night.敌人在夜间袭击了这座城市。The disease attacked his bones.疾病已侵袭了他的骨骼。Attack is the best form of defense.进攻是最好的防御。under attack 正在遭受袭击make an attack on/upon.攻击a heart attack 心脏病突发attack sb. with sth.用某物攻击某人be attacked with a disease 患/害病The young man at
4、tacked (attack) the old man with a knife.He returned to his country when his country under attack.He was walking on the street when a dog attacked (attack) him.2frightening adj.吓人的；令人恐惧的All the stone figures in the temple looked so frightening.庙里所有的石像看上去都那么令人恐惧。It was the most frightening experience
5、 of my life.这是我一生中最可怕的经历。frightening 表示“(事物等)令人惊恐的”；frightened 表示“(人等)感到惊恐的”。类似的形容词还有：主动意义被动意义boring 令人厌烦的bored 感到厌烦的exciting 令人激动的excited 感到激动的tiring 令人疲倦的tired 感到疲劳的interesting 令人感兴趣的interested 感兴趣的relaxing 令人放松的relaxed 感到放松的He was frightened (frighten) to see the snake.3exist vi.存在；生存The Roman Em
6、pire existed for several centuries.罗马帝国存在了好几个世纪。The idea exists only in the minds of poets.这种想法只有诗人才有。They exist on very little money.他们靠极少的钱来生活。exist on 靠生存existence nU存在；sing.生存The village came into existence (exist) five hundred years ago.4sharp adj.锋利的；尖的；急剧的；(言辞等)尖酸的；敏锐的；急转的He cut down a tree w
7、ith a sharp axe.他用一把锋利的斧子砍倒一棵树。There was a sharp increase in the import of cotton goods in 1986.1986年，棉织品的进口猛增。Shes got a sharp tongue.她说话刻薄。Lin Tao has a very sharp mind.林涛头脑灵活。There is a sharp bend ahead.前面有个急转弯。The prices of the daily goods have risen sharply (sharp)5dive vi./n.C潜水；跳水He dived fro
8、m the bridge and saved the child.他从桥上跳入水中，救起那个孩子。She made a graceful dive into the pool.她优雅地跳入池中。dive 及其相关词：He dived into the water quickly.6calm adj.平静的；镇静的v(使)(平静)；(使)镇静The sea was calm.海上风平浪静。Her voice is surprisingly calm.她的声音出人意料地镇静。The mother tried to calm her child.母亲试图使孩子平静下来。We waited insid
9、e until things calmed down.我们待在里面，直到一切都恢复了平静。calm down (使)平静；(使)镇静calm, still, quiet, silentcalm强调内心的“沉着镇静”或指大海“无浪”、天气“无风”。still侧重于完全不动和完全无声响。quiet表示没有声响、喧闹或指性情安静。silent主要指不出声，但是可以动。When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos, one should keep still; when someone else is asleep, one s
10、hould keep quiet; in class, one shouldnt keep silent about the teachers questions.一个人面对危险时，应该保持镇静；照相时，要保持不动；当其他人睡觉时，应保持安静；在课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。Kate, speak calmly (calm) if you think youre in the right; theres no need to get angry.7sceptical adj.怀疑的；不相信的He gave me a sceptical look.他用怀疑的眼光看我。The public r
11、emain sceptical of these claims.公众对这些说法仍持怀疑态度。Im sceptical about his chance of winning.我怀疑他取胜的可能性。be sceptical of/about sth.怀疑某事He is sceptical of/about this trick.8unlikely adj.不可能的用作表语The project seemed unlikely to succeed.这个项目似乎难以成功。Its unlikely that Ill have any free time tomorrow.我明天不可能有空。be un
12、likely to do sth.不可能做某事be likely to do sth.可能做某事It is unlikely that.不可能It is likely that.可能Its unlikely (likely) that he will pay a visit to us because its raining.9cover vt.占地(多大面积)；覆盖；涉及；行过(一段路)；足以支付nC(书的)封面；盖子Our town covers an area of about five square kilometres.我们镇占地约5平方千米。The field is covered
13、 with snow.田野被积雪覆盖着。His reading covers a wide range of subjects.他阅读的书籍涉及多个学科。We covered about 30 miles every day.我们每天大约走30英里。The award should be enough to cover her school fees.这笔奖金应该够她支付学费了。cover n封面；盖子cover an area of 占地面积为be covered with 被覆盖着cover the cost of 够付的费用It rained heavily and the ground
14、 was covered (cover) with water.10claim(1)vt.断言；宣称；声称；主张后面跟 that 从句作宾语。He claimed that there was no life on the moon.他断言月球上没有生命。She claims that she is rich，but I dont believe her.她自称有钱，我却不信。He claimed that he would be a king.他声称要做国王。(2)vt.(根据权利)要求；索取(赔偿、财产等)，后面跟名词或不定式等作宾语。They claimed to attend tomo
15、rrows meeting.他们要求出席明天的会议。(3)vt.认领Does anyone claim this luggage?有人认领这件行李吗？I claimed the coat that the teacher found.我认领了老师找到的外套。(4)n.要求；权利；主张；声称He founded his claim on facts.他把他的主张建立于事实之上。They made a claim for higher pay.他们提出更高报酬的要求。The governments claim that war was necessary was clearly wrong.政府声
16、称战争是必然的，这个说法显然是错误的。Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.他声称他是清白的，但没有人相信。He claimed to_have_done (do) all the work himself, but in fact Kate and Tom did most of it.11close adv.接近地；靠近地；紧密地He was following close behind.他正紧紧跟在后面。They stayed close together.他们紧紧地靠在一起。close 与 closelyclose 既可以作形容词
17、，又可以作副词，即形容词和副词同形，表示“距离近”。Come close；I want to tell you something.靠近点，我有事和你说。We must all stay close together.我们大家必须待在一块儿。He drew her close to him.他抱紧了她。closely 的意思是“仔细地；细心地；紧密地”，往往指抽象意义。注意在过去分词前要用 closely。Study this closely；its very important.把这个问题仔细研究一下，这个非常重要。The two things are closely interconnec
18、ted.这两个事物是相互紧密地联系在一起的。This problem is closely connected with that one.这个问题与那个问题有密切联系。He is closely (close) related to this case.12sighting n目击；发现；看见，见到There was news about sightings of monsters in yesterdays newspaper.在昨天的报纸上有关于看到怪物的新闻。sight n视野；视力；pl.风景，名胜vt.看见catch sight of 看见lose sight of 看不见at f
19、irst sight 乍一看；第一眼come into sight 进入视野at the sight of 看到，一看到in sight 在视线之内out of sight 在视线之外They fell in love at first sight.When he was shopping, he caught sight of one of his friends.1They claimed to_have_discovered (discover) a cure for the disease, but this wasnt proved.解析：claim to have done 声称干
20、过。2It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold so she stood close to her mother.解析：根据动词 stood 可以确定此处缺少副词。句意：“雨下得很大。小玛丽感到很冷，所以她紧紧地站在母亲身边。”表示“距离近地”应用 close。3You must be very careful when you dive into the deep water.解析：句意：当你潜到深水里的时候，你一定要特别小心。dive “潜水；跳水”。4His eyes, which had been filled with fear an
21、d horror moments earlier, were now clear, almost calm.解析：句意：他的眼睛，片刻之前还满是害怕和恐惧，现在已经很清澈，几乎是镇定了。calm 既可表示内心的平静，又可表示事物外在的平静。5Miss Taylor calmed down the frightened girl by a big hug.解析：句意：泰勒小姐深深地拥抱了那个受惊的女孩，使她平静下来。calm down “(使)平静；(使)镇定”。6When he was walking home from the office that night, he was attack
22、ed (attack) by several robbers.解析：句意：那天晚上他从办公室往家走的时候，被几个强盗袭击了。attack “袭击；攻击”。7The speed of the car was frightening (frighten) and that was the cause of the car accident.解析：句意：当时的车速令人害怕，这也是车祸的起因。此处指车速是“令人害怕的”，所以要用 frightening。8Peter, do you know this word?No, I dont think this word exists (exist) in
23、English.解析：句意：“彼得，你认识这个单词吗？”“不认识。我认为英语中没有这个词。”exist “存在”，该处用一般现在时。9The earth is a rocky planet where there is liquid water, which is necessary for life to_exist (existence)解析：句意：地球是一个有液态水的岩石星体，这是生命存在所必需的。10This steel knife is so sharp that you can cut meat with it easily.解析：句意：这把钢刀真是锋利，用它切肉很容易。sharp
24、 “锋利的；尖的”。11Please sharpen (sharp) this knife.解析：sharpen 使变锋利。12Confucius did not accept the religious ideas of his times, and was sceptical of/about the supernatural.解析：句意：孔子不相信当时的宗教观念，也不相信超自然的神力。sceptical “怀疑的；不相信的”，be sceptical of/about sth.“怀疑某事”。13It is unlikely (likely) to rain today, for ther
25、e is not a single cloud in the sky.Believe it or not, the weather forecast said so.解析：句意：“今天不可能下雨，因为天空中一片云都没有。”“信不信由你，天气预报就是这样说的。”be unlikely to do “不可能做”。14The National Stadium covers (cover) an area of 68,700 square metres.解析：句意：国家体育馆占地面积达68,700平方米。cover “占地(多大面积)”。1be back in the news 再次成为新闻；再次被新
26、闻关注Gas price has been rising, which brings energysaving back in the news.汽油价格持续上涨，这使能源节约问题再次成为新闻话题。The explosion in Tianjin is back in the news.2close up(1)靠近；紧邻The building is burning.The police make nobody close up.大楼在燃烧，警察不让任何人靠近。The teacher told the children to close up to each other near the ca
27、mp fire and then began his story.老师叫孩子们在营火旁互相靠拢些，接着就开始讲起故事来。Their house closes up ours.他们家的房子紧邻着我们家的。(2)关闭；停歇The old road has now been closed up since the highway was open to public use.自从高速公路通车以来，那条旧公路已经封闭了。(3)(伤口)愈合The wound in his arm has already begun to close up.他胳膊上的伤口已经开始愈合了。The shop is to be
28、 closed up.1When Jordan announced he would play basketball for one more year, he was back in the news.解析：be back in the news 为固定搭配，意为“再次被新闻所关注。”句意：“当乔丹宣布他会再打一年篮球时，他又成为媒体关注的焦点。”2If our business arent improved, our shop is to close up.解析：close up 关闭，歇业。句意：如果我们的生意不被改善，我们的商店即将歇业。1The director of a local
29、 tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting.据当地的旅游办公室主任孟凡迎(音译)介绍，最近有人看见怪物就在离湖边十米的地方，怪物的颜色似乎是黑色的。(1)Meng Fanying 作 The director of a local tourist office 的同位语；which seemed to be black in
30、colour 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 the monster。(2)句中 seem 意为“看起来；似乎”，作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。也常跟动词不定式或用于句型 It seems that.。也可用于 There seem(s) to be.句型。It seems impossible to believe his words.看起来不可能相信他的话。It seems that he is lying.He seems to be lying.看起来他好像在撒谎。It seemed that the teacher was wrong.The teacher seemed to be wro
31、ng.看起来是老师错了。There seems to_be (be) a stranger in my room.2A third report came from Li Xiaohe，who was visiting the lake with his family.又一则报道来自李小和(音译)，当时他正和家人一起在湖边游玩。(1)本句属于非限制性定语从句。who 在从句中作主语，指人。本句 who 指代其前的先行词 Li Xiaohe。在非限制性定语从句中关系词不能使用that，以人作从句主语或宾语时，用 who或whom；以物作从句主语或宾语时，用 which。Smith，who die
32、d last night，left his son a big sum of money.史密斯昨晚去世，给他儿子留下一大笔钱。(who 在定语从句中作主语，指代 Smith)My old neighbor owns a large house，which lies at the edge of a lake.我的老邻居拥有一所大房子，坐落在湖畔。(which 在定语从句中作主语，指代 house)(2)本句 a third 意为“又一；再一”，相当于 another 的用法。此处指前面已经有了两例报道，这里是第三例。I like neither of the skirts.Would you
33、 please show me a third?这两条短裙我都不喜欢，请你再拿一条给我看看好吗？I have a friend, who is fond of modern music.3He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.他说他看见圆形黑色的动物在湖面上快速游过。to have seen 是动词不定式的完成式，表示该动作发生在谓语动词 claims 所表示的动作之前。I am very glad to have seen your mother.我很高兴见到了你妈妈。He
34、 is said to have written a new book about the workers.据说他写了一本关于工人的书。She seemed to have heard about it already.她似乎已经听说了这件事。He claimed to_have_done (do) his homework.4There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century，although no one has seen one close up.自上世纪初
35、以来一直就有关于天池怪物的报道，尽管还不曾有人近距离目睹过。there have been 是 there be 句型的现在完成形式，表示“从过去某一时候到现在一直都有”。其谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式取决于它后面紧跟的名词。There has been an old church in the small town since a long time ago.很久以前，那个小镇就一直有一个教堂。There have already been people in the room，so we dont go in.屋子里已经有很多人了，所以我们就不进去了。there be 结构中的谓语动词，
36、有时可用seem to be，happen to be，used to be 或类似表示“存在”概念的动词，如 lie，remain，live，stand，come 等来代替。There seems to be something wrong with the machine.这台机器似乎有点毛病。There stands a post office on the corner of the street.街的拐角处有一个邮局。在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分为 there be 时，反意疑问部分主语用 there。Theres something wrong，isnt there?出事了，不是吗？
37、There wont be any trouble，will there?不会有任何麻烦，是吧？There have_been (be) two accidents so far.5Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland.They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world.许多人认为，天池里的怪物可能是苏格兰尼斯湖怪物的远亲。他们还认为
38、，在世界其他地方的湖泊中可能也有类似的生物。本句中 there might be 表示猜测，意为“可能有；或许有”。might 在这里表示推测，只是可能性比 may 小。There might be a way to tell whether all these theories are true.可能会有一种判别这些理论是否正确的方法。He might be at home but Im not sure.1He seems to_have_known (know)the truth. Otherwise, he would not be so angry.解析：句意：他好像已经知道了真相，
39、要不然，他不会这么生气。seem to have done似乎发生过某事。2I looked up and noticed a snake winding (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.解析：notice sth.doing sth.发现某物在做某事。3He claimed to_have_seen (see) my sheep this morning.解析：claim to have done sth.声称做过某事。4There is little doubt that he can win the game，is_th
40、ere?解析：There is little.的反意疑问句为 is there。5Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.解析：先行词为 those，指人，定语从句中缺主语，故用 who 引导。.语法填空The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” is _1_ in the news after several recent sightings. Someone said “The monster, which seemed to be b
41、lack _2_ colour, jumped out of the water like a seal.” A local photographer claimed that its head looked like a _3_. Another said “It was greenishblack _4_ had a round head with 10centimetre horns.” A third man _5_ (claim) to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. Then it
42、 _6_ (dive) into the water, ten minutes later it _7_ (appear) again and repeated the action.Many people think the monster may be a _8_ (distance) cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be _9_ (similarity) creatures in other lakes around the world. But scientist
43、s say that the lowtemperature lake is _10_ (likely) to be able to support such large living creatures.1back2.in3.horse4.and5.claimed6.dived7appeared8.distant9.similar10.unlikely.单词拼写1The first living creature (生物) sent into space was a dog named Laika.2When he saw the footprints (脚印) on the sands, h
44、e was terrified.3Witnesses claimed (声称) to have seen a UFO flying across the sky.4The boy was injured by the lions sharp (尖的) claws.5It was the most frightening (吓人的) experience of my life.6We all want to know something about the mysterious (神秘的) person.7The surface (表面) of the sea may seem calm but it may be the opposite under the water.8We are all sceptical (怀疑的) of the young man.9She started attacking (袭击) the burglar with a piece of wood.10It is unlikely (不可能的) to rain today, for its not cloudy.- 19 - 版权所有高考资源网