1、1devote vt.把献(给)；把专用于；专心于devoted adj.忠诚的；深爱的devotion n奉献；忠诚2short adj.短的；不足的；短期的shortage n不足；缺少；短缺shorten vt.使变短3character n性情；(小说、戏剧中的)人物；角色characteristic n特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的4convention n常规；习俗；惯例conventional adj.传统的；习惯的5assume v假定；设想assumption n假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得6real adj.真的really adv.真正地；实际上r
2、eality n现实；实际情况；事实7salt n盐salty adj.含盐的；咸的1boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n增长；提高；激励These changes will help to boost food prices. vt.使增长This has given clothing prices a big boost. n增长This measure will be a great boost to the economy. n激励2expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)The ranks of the teachers are constantly exp
3、anding.vi.扩大；增加The merchant wants to expand his business.vt.扩大The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.vt.扩展3estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n估计；估算The painters estimate for painting the whole house was 1，000 dollars. n估计；估价This painting is estimated at $200$300.vt. 估价He estimated the speed of the wi
4、nds from the degree of damage.vt. 估算4characteristic n特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的The two species have several characteristics in common.n.特征；特点I recognized his characteristic walk.adj.典型的；独特的Independence is the outstanding characteristic of a runner.n.品质Words And Phrasesdevote vt.把献(给)；把专用于；专心于(教材P50)Indeed
5、, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers to whom he has devoted his life.事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和农民一样，而他为千千万万中国农民奉献了一生。例1We should devote everything we have.我们应该奉献我们的一切。例2He devoted a great sum of money to books.他花了一大笔钱买书。翻译他将一生奉献给了教育事业。He devoted himself entirely/all his
6、 life to education.知识拓展(1)devote.to (doing) sth.把献给(做)某事devote oneself tobe devoted to 献身于；专心致力于(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的(3)devotion n. 奉献；关爱即学即练单句语法填空His devotion(devote) to the cause of education is wellknown.Qian Xuesen has been devoted to Chinas aerospace all his life.Neighbors devoted their spare
7、 time to helping(help) others rebuild.小片段填空He could only devote two hours a day to the project, but his devotion to duty is worth respecting.他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(教材P50)Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁隆平确信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中
8、找到。例1Roberts expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence.罗伯特的表情显然使她相信他是清白的。例2She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong.她需要想办法使米歇尔相信他错了。翻译我自己都不会相信，更别提说服别人了。Im not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else知识拓展(1)convince sb.of sth.使某人确信/明白某事convince sb.that
9、. 使某人相信convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事(2)convincing adj. 令人信服的convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的be convinced of 相信be convinced (that). (某人)相信即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I am quite convinced of her experience in it.Im not completely convinced(convince) (that) he knew the importance of practice.His speech was so convincing(con
10、vince) that everyone present believed what he said.我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。Weve been trying to convince him to give up the plan她说的话让我相信我错了。What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.assumption n假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得(教材P50)The common assumption then was that it could not be done.当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。例1We mist
11、ook assumption that the price would fall.我们错误地认为价格会下降。例2Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。翻译她总在猜别人有多少钱。Shes always making assumptions about how much money people have.知识拓展(1)make an assumption认为；假定on the assumption that. 假定(2)assume v. 假定；设想assume sb./sth.t
12、o be 假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that. 一般认为(3)assuming(that) . 假设/假定即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Assuming(assume) that it rains, what shall we do?The project was predicated on the assumption (assume) that the economy was expanding.一般认为，过重的工作会造成压力。It is generally assumed that too much work will cause stress.在听到对他不利的证
13、词之前，你假定他是无罪的。You assume him to be innocent before hearing the evidence against him.小片段填空In most cases a false assumption would lead to a problem for the project, since we usually tend to assume that things will go the way we want.在大部分的情况下，错误的假定会导致项目发生问题，因为我们通常倾向于假定事情会如我们所希望般的发生。overcome vt.(overcame
14、, overcome)克服；解决；战胜(教材P50)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年培育出了第一种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。例1In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。例2I would overcom
15、e any weakness, any despair, any fear.我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。翻译她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.知识拓展overcome difficulties战胜困难be overcome with 因而受不了即学即练完成句子他克服了种种困难最终取得了成功。He overcame all kinds of difficulties and succeeded at last.他突然对自己造成的伤害懊悔不已。He was suddenly overcome wi
16、th the harm he had done.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)(教材P50)This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。例1The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。例2The business has expanded greatly over the last year.过去的一年里，这家公司极大地增加了业务量。翻译中国的信息产业正迅速发展。The in
17、formation industries are rapidly expanding in China.知识拓展expand .into.把扩展/发展成expand into. 发展成/扩大成expand on sth. 细说(阐述)即学即练完成句子请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？Could you expand on this point, please?他的工作室扩大规模而成为一家大公司了。His studio was expanded into a big company.be comprised of包括；包含；由组成(或构成)(教材P50)Today, it is estimated
18、 that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains.据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻。例1The committee is comprised of representatives from both public and private sectors.委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。例2Groups are comprised of two or more peopl
19、e.小组由两人或两人以上组成。翻译医疗队包括10个医生和一辆救护车。The medical team is comprised of ten doctors and one ambulance.知识拓展consist of由组成be made up of 由组成，构成即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译A week consists of seven days.救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。The rescue team is composed of eight soldiers and two doctors. The rescue team consists of eight soldiers
20、 and two doctors.The rescue team is made up of eight soldiers and two doctors.名师点津consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of或be composed of，且不用于进行时。Sentence Patternswhat引导主语从句(教材P50)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to e
21、at.然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。句式分析：句中what concerned him most为what引导的主语从句。例1What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。例2What I want to know is this.我想知道的就是这一点。翻译是什么使他哭的还不清楚。What made her angry was not clear.知识拓展what是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。即学即练完成句子他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。He wanted to know what the
22、 manager had said at the meeting.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours把你买的东西给我看看。Show me what you have bought你最好还是努力工作。Its the best that you should work hard名师点津 that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；wh
23、at除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词that”。It is/was过分分词that.(教材P50)Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains.据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻。句式分析：句中it is estimated that“据估算”为 “It is/was过分分词that.” 结构
24、。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。例1It is estimated that every year 50 unaccompanied children arrive in Britain.据估计，每年有50名儿童独自来到英国。例2It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.据估计这花瓶有两千年历史。翻译这次会议预计要开4天。It is estimated that the meeting will last four days.知识拓展(1)常用于此结构的动词有say，report，think，hope，suggest，
25、believe，require，announce等。(2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.be said/believed/thoughtto do”或“people say/think.(that).”结构。即学即练完成句子/句型转换据报道，三分之一的市民打算购买私家车。It is reported that one third of citizens plan to buy a private car.人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.据说他已经通过了驾照考试。I
26、t is said that he has passed the driving test.He is said to have passed the driving test.given that.引导的状语从句(教材P51)Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。句式分析：given that.意为“考虑到”，引导的是一个状语从句。例1Given
27、that theyre inexperienced, theyve done a good job.在缺乏经验的情况下, 他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。例2Given that he gracefully apologized, the woman accepted his apology.在他有礼貌地道歉后，这位女士接受了他的道歉。翻译考虑到自己挣得不多，我用钱通常比较精打细算，这也是迫不得已。Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be，given that I dont earn that much知识拓展(1)用作give 的
28、过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语，意为“如果有”，“假定”等义，此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。(2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。(3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。(4)given 后也可接 that 从句，表示“考虑到”。即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换The work must be done within the given(give) time.要是对这些树多加注意，它们会长得更好。If the trees had been given more attention, they could be grown bette
29、r.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.给以时间的话，他们可能会同意。 If they are given time, theyll probably agree.Given time, theyll probably agree.鉴于她对小孩的兴趣，我敢肯定教书是她最适合的职业。Given her interest in children, Im sure teaching is the right career for her.Given that she is interested in children, Im
30、 sure teaching is the right career for her.1However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.分析本句是一个复合句。句中what concerned him most为what引导的主语从句，that farmers.为that引导的表语从句，其中不定式短语to eat作名词food的后置定语。译文然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常粮食歉收，有时
31、甚至严重缺乏食物。2Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops, generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.分析本句是一个复合句。句中and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，其中第一个分句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是
32、后面that引导的名词性从句；过去分词短语generated from Yuans hybrid strains作名词crops的后置定语。译文据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨大米。教材高考1.Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers to whom he has devoted his life.(2018浙江卷)Others insist that with children unde
33、r increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships (实习) or study, theres still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.2.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(2019全国卷) Wh
34、at I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.(2019浙江)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.3.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.(2019江苏卷)The first unique human ch
35、aracteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals.4.The common assumption then was that it could not be done.(2019江苏卷)A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blowup for one of the
36、 visitors centers.5.Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.(2019全国卷)You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned.单句语法填空1Nowadays many students devote too muc
37、h time to playing (play) computer games.2This is the most convincing (convince) evidence that I can find.3Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.4They were to meet at a given(give) time and place.5Shanghai food is rather oily, and
38、Beijing food is salty(salt) and spicy.6We thought he was serious but in reality(real) he was joking.7People used to believe that dirt generated(generate) disease.8It is estimated(estimate) that not less than half a million people died in the famine.9That was the extreme southern limit attained(attai
39、n) by the courageous traveller.10_ ease the water shortage(short).短语填空far from, devote.to, be comprised of, depend on, deep down1All these funds raised were devoted to the building of sports facilities and construction of stadiums.2The group is comprised of two guitarists, a drummer, and a singer.3W
40、e knew deep down that we could do it.4Whether the game will be played depends on the weather.5To be honest, your son is far from trust worthy.课文语法填空Yuan Longping is one of Chinas famous scientists, who is 1.known(know) as the “father of hybrid rice”He was born in 1930 in Beijing.Because he wanted to
41、 tackle 2.the problem of low yield, he 3.chose(choose) to study agriculture at college.After graduation, he worked as a researcher and 4.was convinced(convince) that its possible to create hybrid rice.After hard work he succeeded in 5.developing(develop) the first hybrid rice in 1974.Because of his
42、invaluable contributions, Yuan has received numerous 6.awards(award) both in China and abroad.Although his hybrids have made him quite 7.wealthy(wealth), he cares little 8.for celebrity and money.Instead, he makes large donations 9.to support(support) agricultural research.Now Yuan still tries to fulfil his new dreams and everyone is waiting to see 10.what he will dream up next.