1、Part2 考点7Part2 语法专题考点7 虚拟语气对虚拟语气的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。1.主要考查的知识点：(1)在状语从句和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(2)含蓄虚拟语气 复习重点：(1)掌握虚拟语气的基本概念及用法。(2)在条件句中省略if的虚拟语气。(3)意义上不是虚拟语气，但必须使用虚拟语气的情况。2.如何应对虚拟语气的考查 解题时，首先要确定题干句子表示的句意为真实的还是虚拟的，来决定是否该用虚拟语气。带有状语从句的复合句应重点看从句，根据从句句意所表达的信息来判断是否该用虚拟。虚拟语气确定后要明确是对现在、过去还是对将来的虚拟，从而确定虚拟语气的形式。(2009福
2、建)But for the help of my English teacher,I_thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.would not winB.would not have wonC.would winD.would have won思路点拨：分析题干，根据But for the help of myEnglish teacher(要不是我的英语老师)，可知该句为虚拟语气。整句语意为：要不是英语老师的帮助，我就赢不了英语写作比赛一等奖。“赢得一等奖”是已经过去的事情了，所以此处表达的是对过去的虚拟，谓语该用would not ha
3、ve done的形式。故判断空格处应该选B。熟 读 深 思1.状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)If I _had_(have)time,I would go there.(2)If you had come earlier,you _couldnt/wouldnt_have_missed_(miss)the bus.(3)If it _should_rain/were_to_rain_(rain)tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.(4)We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus
4、.熟 读 深 思(5)We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.(6)We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.(7)She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.(8)It seems as if he doesnt know her.归 纳 总 结虚拟语气的结构及用法：非真实的条件，常由if 引导，主句和从句常用虚拟语气。1.条件与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时(be多 用
5、 were)；主 句 谓 语 用 would/should/could/might动词原形，如：(1)。2.条件与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时had done；主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave done，如：(2)。3.条件与将来事实相反，从句谓语用should do/were to do；主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形，如：(3)。归 纳 总 结规则1：目的状语从句1.so that/in order that 从句：从句用can/could/may/might 动词原形，如：(4)。2.for fear that/
6、in case that 从句：从句用should动词原形，意为“以防，万一”，如：(5)。3.lest 从句：从句用 should 动词原形，“以防万一”，如：(6)。归 纳 总 结规则2：方式状语从句as if/as though 从句：从句的虚拟语气与wish后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似，如：(7)。【注意】as if/as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气，如：(8)。熟 读 深 思2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)It is suggested that I(should)exercise every day.The doctors suggestion is tha
7、t I(should)exercise every day.(2)His face suggested that he was very sad.(3)How he wishes that he were a bird.(4)We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.熟 读 深 思(5)We wish we would live on the moon one day.(6)I would rather you were not here with me now.(7)I would rather you hadnt done t
8、hat.(8)It is important that we(should)have a good knowledge of computer science.(9)It is a pity that you(should)be absent from the meeting.(10)We are surprised that he(should)be a doctor.规则1：名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should)动词原形。(1)建议：动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend(名词advice,suggestion,propo
9、sal,recommendation)(2)命令：名词order,command(3)要求：动词request,require,demand,ask,insist(名词request,requirement,demand)，如：(1)。归 纳 总 结【注意】(1)suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，如：(2)。(2)insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。规则2：I wish(that)宾语从句(虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时，如：(3)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，如：(4)。(3)表 示
10、愿 望 实 现 的 可 能 性 很 小，从 句 常 用 could/might/would 动词原形，如：(5)。归 纳 总 结规则3：would rather/prefer that从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时，如：(6)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，如：(7)。规则4：名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时，从句用should 动词原形/should havedone，should 可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。归 纳 总 结常见的句型如下：(1)Itisimportant/necessary/st
11、range/surprising/funny/natural that 从句，如：(8)。(2)It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no wonder that从句，如：(9)。(3)主语 be sorry/disappointed/surprised that从句，如：(10)。归 纳 总 结熟 读 深 思3.定语从句中的虚拟语气(1)Its time that we should go home.(2)Its time that we went home.(3)It is the second time that I have visited Beijing.(4
12、)It was the second time that I had visited Beijing.归 纳 总 结Its(about/high/very)time that从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语用一般过去式或 should do,should 不能省略)，意为“某人该做某事了”，如：(1)、(2)。注意下面固定句型的时态搭配：It/This is the first/second/time that主语has/have doneIt/This was the first/second/time that 主语had done.如：(3)、(4)。熟 读 深 思4.简单句中的虚拟语气(1)
13、Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(2)May you succeed！(3)Everybody leave the room!(4)Let one of you go and tell her to come.归 纳 总 结虚拟语气用于简单句时，一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语要用动词原形。规则1：表示祝愿，如：(1)、(2)。规则2：表示命令，如：(3)、(4)。熟 读 深 思5.含蓄虚拟语气(1)If only you _hadnt_told_(not tell)him the news.(2)Human beings would die with
14、out water.Human beings _would_die_ if there were no water.(3)I _couldnt_have_succeeded_ but for your help.I couldnt have succeeded if you hadnt helped me.熟 读 深 思(4)I had no money then.Otherwise I would have bought that book.If I _had_had_ money then,I would have bought that book.(5)Had they had time
15、(If they had had time)，they would have certainly come to help us.(6)If I had studied in a university,I would get the job in the company.归 纳 总 结常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况：规则1：if only 意为“要是 就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似)，如：(1)。规则2：without/but for 如果没有，就会。如：(2)、(3)。规则3：otherwise/or 否则，不然的话，就会。如：(4)。【注意】(1)当虚拟语气的条件状语从句中有had，should，were时，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，而把had，should，were 提前到句首，变为半倒装，如：(5)。归 纳 总 结(2)混合虚拟语气虚拟语气中，常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情，此时，从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。如：(6)。(3)几种特别用法was/were supposed to have done 理应做was/were to have done 本计划做had thought/believed，but本以为had planned/intended，but本计划，本打算had wished/hoped，but 本希望