1、定语从句()语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.We have a car park for both our visitors and our students who drive.Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends.Some of the cities in China which he likes most
2、 are Beijing，Shanghai，Harbin and Nanjing.1.例句中的whose在从句中作定语。2.例句中的黑体词在从句中作宾语。3.例句中的黑体词在从句中作主语。一、基本概念在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。即时训练1找出下列句中的定语从句和先行词Is this the book which your father bought for you?which your
3、 father bought for you；the bookWho is the man that is speaking to your mother?that is speaking to your mother；the manThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.whose car had broken down；the man二、关系代词的用法(一)关系代词that和which1that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，而且作宾语时常可省略。This is the bookI want
4、 to read itThis is the book(that)I want to read这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语)2which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。My favorite place is Kunming.Kunming is knownas the Spring CityMy favorite place is Kunming which is known as the Spring City我最喜欢的地方是昆明，它以“春城”而闻名。(which指代Kunming，在定语从句中充当主语)3只用that不用which的情况(
5、1)先行词是everything，nothing，anything，something，much，little，none等不定代词或先行词被any，some，no，much，few，little，every，all等修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么我可以为你做的吗？(2)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。It is the first step that costs troublesome.万事开头难。(3)先行词中既有人又有物时，引导定语从句的关系代词
6、用that。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？(4)先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰且指物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.我们能做的唯一一件事情就是给你一些建议。4只用which不用that的情况(1)“介词关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的关系代词只用which而不用that。This is the hou
7、se in which Shakespeare was born.这就是莎士比亚出生的那所房子。(2)引导非限制性定语从句。He passed the exam，which made his parents happy.他通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。名师点津关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词一致。即时训练2单句语法填空The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.Here is the book about which I told you yesterda
8、y.Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut off from the outside world.(二)关系代词who，whom和whose1who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The tall man is Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketballThe tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who指代Yao Ming，在定语从句中充当主语)2whom指人，
9、在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。This is the girl.I met the girl in the streetThis is the girl whom I met in the street这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语)3whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。I have read the bookI like its characters very muchI have read the book whose characters I like very m
10、uch我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose指代先行词the book，在定语从句中充当定语)名师点津(1)who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物；who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。(2)用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who，that替代。(3)关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，在定语从句中主要用作宾语。即时训练3句型转换She has a brother.I dont know his name.She has a brother whose name I dont knowThe man is our ma
11、nager.You saw the man just now.The man (who/whom)you saw just now is our manager.The child standing over there is my brother.The child who is standing over there is my brother.单句语法填空1Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school that/who/whom I met in the English speech contest l
12、ast year.2In China，the number of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world.3The girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police.4In the end，she decided to sell the house whose windows were almost all broken.5This is the best book that I have been
13、 looking for all this year.6We talked about the poets and their poems that we remembered.7Doing voluntary work is a good way to enrich students knowledge that/which is usually unable to be acquired from textbooks.8When people talk about the cities of China，the first that comes into their mind is Bei
14、jing.9Those who learn not only from books but through practice will succeed.10Our school is not the one that it used to be.单句改错1For those that want to see the film，put down your names，please.thatwho2Well remember all what she said at the meeting.whatthat3I like the people and places which I visited
15、in England.whichthat4The book you borrowed it from me is Toms.去掉it5I who is your friend will share everything with you.isam6Do you know the girl her hair is brown？herwhose7Ive never taken anything which didnt belong to me.whichthat8Can you tell me the name of the city where you visited last week？wherewhich/that或去掉where9I met a foreigner in the street yesterday when could ask me questions in Chinese.whenwho/that10Bears often hide themselves in the places where cant be found by hunters.wherewhich/that