1、 (教材P54)The religion of Jews is Judaism，which began over 3，000 years ago.犹太人的宗教是犹太教，它开创于3 000多年前。【句式分析】本句中含有一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句时，既可以指代先行词，也可以指代整个主句的内容；which从句只能置于主句后。He was chosen chairman of the Students Union，which made us very happy.他被选为学生会主席，我们为此都很高兴。完成句子他听了这个消息高兴地跳起来，这很自然。He jum
2、ped for joy at the news，_我在那个公司工作，它是去年建的。I work in that company，_【答案】which was naturalwhich was set up last year describe vt.描写；描绘；形容(教材P55)The word angel means a messenger or helper from God，but it is also used to describe a sweet or very good person.“天使”这个词表示上帝的使者或辅助者，但天使还可以被用来描绘讨人喜欢或非常善良的人。She de
3、scribed the man she had seen at the gate of the shop.她描述了她在商店门口看见过的那个人的模样。He was described as being very clever.人家说他非常聪明。describe sb./sth. to/for sb.为某人描述某人/某事describe sb./sth. as. 把某人/某物描述成describe从句 描述describev.ing 描述做某事describable adj.可描述的description n. 描述，说明descriptive adj. 叙述的，描写的Can you descri
4、be him to me?你能向我描述一下他的样子吗？Jim was described by his colleagues as an “unusual” man.吉姆被同事们称为“不寻常”的人。Several people described seeing strange lights in the sky.几个人都说看到天上出现了奇异光芒。完成句子西湖风景美得难以形容。The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful _他把他所看到的向我作了充分的描述。He _what he had seen.在这个故事中他被描述成一个英雄。He _ a hero in
5、 the story.【答案】beyond descriptiongave me a good description ofwas described as (教材P57)They believe that the spirits must all be given presents of food because if they are hungry，there will be great suffering and burdens for people to bear他们认为一定要给鬼怪奉送食物作为礼物，因为如果那些鬼怪饿了，人们就得承受巨大的灾难和压迫。(1)burden n担子；负担；
6、包袱；重任It is a burden to the people.这对人们来说是一种负担。A donkey can carry a heavy burden.驴子能驮很重的东西。The burden fell on me.责任落在了我身上。burden vt.使负重担；烦劳burden sb./oneself with sth. (使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务，职责等)be burdened with 担负She got off the bus，burdened with two heavy suitcases.她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。He was only twentytwo，a
7、nd to be burdened with a family！他才只有二十二岁，竟要担负起养家的重担！完成句子我不想再多提问题，以免增加你的负担。I will not_ you_ more questions.他们担负了一笔很高的按揭借款。They have _ with a high mortgage.我不想在年老时成为孩子们的累赘。I dont want to be _of my children when Im old.【答案】burden；withburdened themselvesa burden(2)bear(bore，borne或born)作及物动词用，意为“担负；承担；生产
8、；生育”。用于否定句和疑问句中，常与can，could连用，意为“忍受，忍耐”。The pain was almost more than he could bear.这种痛苦几乎使他无法忍受。He bore the pain bravely.他勇敢地忍着痛。cant bear to do/doing忍不住做bear a heavy burden 担负重荷；承担重负bear out 证实；为作证bear up 承受；挺住bear with 耐心对待；容忍完成句子我不忍看人在阳光下受罚。I cant bear_他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。He cant _at.这次跌倒后他是如何坚强地站起来的？How
9、is he _ since the fall?有证据显示，学生以小组方式学习效果最佳。Evidence _ the idea that students learn best in small groups.【答案】to see/seeing people being punished in the sunbear being laughed/bear to be laughedbearing upbears out sacrifice n牺牲；牺牲品；祭品；祭祀(教材P57)The most important person in a Karen village is the priest
10、and he is consulted regularly about sacrifices and other ceremonies.在Karen村中最重要的人是牧师，他负责日常的祭祀和各种庆典活动。He gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.他为国牺牲了。Parents often make sacrifices in order to educate their children.父母为了教育孩子常作自我牺牲。Is the sacrifice of ones health to moneymaking worthwhile?牺牲健康去赚
11、钱值得吗？They killed a sheep as a sacrifice.他们宰了一只羊作为祭品。make sacrifices to do/for.为作出牺牲at the sacrifice of. 以为代价(相当于at the cost/expense of.)at a sacrifice 亏本地sacrifice v. 牺牲；献出sacrifice sth.for sth. 为献出sacrifice sth.to do sth. 为牺牲了Parents often make sacrifices for their children.父母常为子女做出牺牲。She has sacri
12、ficed her pleasures for her husbands interests and welfare.她为了丈夫的利益和幸福，牺牲了自己的快乐。完成句子哈利做出重大牺牲，把弟弟送去美国。Harry _ send his brother to America.我们绝不能牺牲环境来发展经济。Never can we develop economy _ the environment.【答案】made big sacrifices toat the sacrifice of count on指望，依靠(教材P57)The proverbdont count your chickens
13、 until they are hatchedmeansdont count on something going well until it happens谚语“不要在小鸡孵出之前计算它们的个数”意指“不要过早打如意算盘”。You can count on me doing my best.请相信，我一定尽全力。We cant count on this warm weather lasting.我们不能指望这暖和的天气会持久。count v.计数；算数；包括；看作；重要；有价值count.from.to. 从数到count out 逐一地数；不包括Billy can count from
14、1 to 10.比利能从1数到10。If youre going out tonight，youll have to count me out.假如你今晚要出去，就别把我算在内。First impressions really do count.第一印象真的很重要。完成句子我就靠你帮我了。Im _ you to help me.几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。Few people can _having a job for life.【答案】counting oncount on句子结构英语阅读中碰到复杂句时，我们往往要分析其句子结构，才能更好地理解句子。按照句子的结构来分，英语句子有以下
15、四类：一、简单句从句子结构上看，有些句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，只要句子只包含一个主谓结构，这样的句子就是简单句。简单句有5种基本句型：1主语连系动词表语He is a good teacher.他是个好老师。2主语不及物动词Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大变化。3主语及物动词宾语We study English very hard.我们努力学英语。4主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语We gave him some money.我们给了他一些钱。5主语及物动词宾语宾补We found the f
16、ilm very interesting.我们发觉电影很有意思。二、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的独立分句并列在一起构成。其基本结构为：分句并列连词分句。最常用的并列连词有and，or和but。注意从属连词because不能与并列连词so连用，although不能和but连用，但可以与yet连用。There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from the Bible.英语中有许多的习语，而且许多习语来源于圣经。He often gets up early，or he will be late for s
17、chool.他经常早起，不然就会上学迟到。三、复合句一个分句不能独立存在而是依附于另一分句，成为后者的一个组成部分，这种句子叫作复合句。引导复合句的连词有because，when，where，if，since，that，unless，whereas，whose，which，while，what，who，whom，although等。复合句由主句和从句构成，从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。1名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.(主语从句)We
18、are discussing where we have our sports meeting.(宾语从句)The fact that our team won the game is true.(同位语从句)Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh，thats what makes me feel excited.(表语从句)2形容词性从句又叫作定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，whom，who，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why。Thi
19、s is the place which/that we visited.I was the only person in my office who was married.The exams were put off，which was exactly wonderful.Mr.Wang is such a good teacher as we all respect.The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the crossriver traffic is the heaviest.3副词
20、性从句也称状语从句，在句子中起状语作用，通常由一个连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较等。状语从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。I had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.(时间)Since nobody is against the plan，lets begin.(原因)He sent the letter by airmail in order that it might reach them in good time.(目的)He didnt stop working though/although he was badly ill.(让步)四、并列复合句并列复合句是并列句和复合句在同一个句子中存在的句式。Although he studied very hard，he failed in the exam，but we still respected him.尽管他学习非常刻苦，但考试却失败了，可我们仍然敬佩他。