1、四川省内江市2014高考英语阅读理解和完形填空训练（16）附答案 Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learn lng to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if cor rected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those ar
2、ound him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other peoples. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare (比较) their own performances with those of more s
3、killed people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made
4、 to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathemat ics or science, give him the answer book. Let him corr
5、ect his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time to such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he cant find the way to get the right answer. Let the chil dren learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to kn
6、ow what they know or do not know. 1. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by_ A. listening to skilled peoples advice B. asking older people many questions C. making mistakes and having them corrected D. doing what other people do 答案：D 指导：儿童学习技能的最佳方法是模仿他人所做的事情，篇首以语言习
7、得为例，说明儿童观察、模仿、运用的系列过程。 2. Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do? A. Give children correct answers. B. Allow children to make mistakes. C. Point out childrens mistakes to them. D. Let children mark their own work. 答案：C 指导：文章论述教学中教师应引导儿童自我发现问题、解决问题，而不应该包办代替。A、B、D与文章观点不符。
8、3. According to the writer, teachers in school should_. A. allow children to learn from each other B. point out childrens mistakes whenever found C. correct childrens mistakes as soon as possible D. give children more book knowledge 答案：A 指导：儿童应相互学习。根据文章中相关信息(见第一自然段末)即可判断正确答案。4. The passage suggests
9、that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are_. A. different from learning other skills B. the same as learning skills C. more important than other skills D. not really important skills答案：B 指导：根据文章陈述的观点，学习语言与学习骑车规律上是一致的。5. The title of this passage could probably be_. A. Let Our Teachers
10、 Stop Work B. Let Us Make Children Leam C. Let Children Correct their Exercises D. Let Children Learn by Themselves答案：D指导：主张儿童自学符合文章主题。*结束完型填空解题技巧及配套练习 1.首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when，where，what。 完形命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空，目的是使读者进入语境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话。 例如：Why is a space left
11、between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题。根据常识，文中内容应与热涨冷缩的物理现象有关。2.根据故事情节的发展选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。3.试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查。(“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”)具体操作中应注意的问题1.看清上下文，找准定位词 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1)Some parts of the water are very
12、shallow. But in some places it is very very_. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。2)Mrs ONeill asked_questionsand she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。2.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配 注意固定的搭配，包括动
13、词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：3.扎实基础，搞清辨异Soon I heard a_like that of a door burst inand then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。ks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5
14、uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5uks5u4.看清执行者，确定所选词And video cameras can be used to_peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是C，意思是“记录”。5.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系It has been many years since I was last i
15、n London_I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.6.了解生活常识，确定相关知识 在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。 Passage *I was cleaning out an old box when an old card caught my eye : Queen City Casket Company . “Wha
16、t is it?” I wondered . I 21 it over . There, on the back in faded ink, was a hand-scrawled（手写的） 22 . Immediately my mind traveled 23 many years . I was nine years old, walking down the cold, wet streets of Springfield, with a bag of magazines on my shoulder . On my 24 that day, I came to that Compan
17、y finally, whose owner, Mr Rader, had always taken me there to ask his workers 25 they wanted any magazines .Shaking off the 26 like a wet dog, I entered Mr Raders office . After a quick glance he 27 me over to the fire-place . Noticing the 28 in the top of my 29 , he said, “Come with me !” pulling
18、me into his 30 and drove me downtown. We pulled to a stop before a shoe store . Inside, a salesman 31 me with the finest pair of Oxfords I had 32 seen . I felt several inches 33 when I got up 34 them . “ Wed like a pair of new socks too,” Mr Rader said .Back in his office, Mr Rader took out a 35 , w
19、rote something on it, and handed it to me . With 36 eyes, I read, “Do to others as you would have them do to you.” He said affectionately （深情地）, “Jimmy, I want you to 37 I love you”.I said good-bye, and for the first time I 38 the hope that things would be 39 . With people like Mr Rader in the world
20、, there was hope, kindness and love, and that would always make a 40 .21AreadBthoughtCturnedDpassed22AaddressBlistCmessageDinformation23AforwardBsoCaheadDback24AreturnBroundsCtripDarrival25Aif onlyBhowCwhetherDwhy2009051526AdustBsweatCtailDrain27AledBfollowedCwatchedDcarried28AholeBmudCwaterDcover29
21、AmagazineBshoeCsockDbag30AtruckBfactoryChomeDstore31AworeBfittedCshowedDcomforted32AeverBalreadyCneverDhardly33AhigherBtallChighDtaller34AforBwithConDin35ApenBpaperCcardDnotebook36AtearfulBunbelievableCcuriousDpuzzled37ArecognizeBknowCconsiderDexpress38AsensedBreceivedClostDgained39AmistakenBrightCa
22、ll rightDpossible40AdealBfortuneCchoiceDdifference参考答案 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.C 25.C 26.D 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.A 31.B 32.A 33.D 34.D 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.D*结束阅读理解-【细节理解题】常见错误类型：(1)张冠李戴。把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。或者是选项的答案并非是题干中主语的行为或观点，而是文中其他人物的行为或观点。(2)扩缩范围
23、。英语文章为了表达准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误的。(3)无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。此外，干扰项也可能就是与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系。(4)偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的单词，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。(5)文
24、不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。*结束阅读理解-【推理判断题】易错点(2012四川高考，A篇)On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land，we watch the lines of rain move across the scene，the moon rise over the hills，and the stars appear in the sky.The views invite a long look from a comfortable c
25、hair in front of the wooden house.Every window in our wooden house has a view，and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before.Each look reminds us where we are.There is space for our three boys to play outside，to shoot arrows，collect tree seeds，build earth houses and climb trees.Our
26、 kids have learned the names of the trees，and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation.As they tell all who show even a passing interest，maple(枫树)makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.The air is clean and fresh.The water from the well has a pleasant
27、taste，and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink.Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water，they never say anything against that.The seasons change just outside the door.We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars(
28、杨树)putting out the first green leaves of spring.The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears，and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter.A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.41What can be learned from Paragraph 2?AThe s
29、cenes are colorful and changeable.BThere are many windows in the wooden house.CThe views remind us that we are in a wooden house.DThe lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.【错混透析】A推理判断题。本段中提到，透过每扇窗户都会看到一番风景，森林和湖泊与一小时之前所见到的都不一样。据此可知，作者身居的环境是多彩和变幻的。故选A项。42By mentioning the names of the
30、 trees，the author aims to show that_.Athe kids like playing in treesBthe kids are very familiar with treesCthe kids have learned much knowledgeDthe kids find trees useful learning tools【错混透析】C推理判断题。根据第四段话中“Our kids have learned the names of the trees.”及“As they tell all.white pines are the best clim
31、bing trees.”可知孩子们已经了解了关于树的很多知识。故选C项。*结束 阅读理解二、解题技巧1. 高考试题中的细节理解题主要是通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力。解答这类题可用“寻找题眼”，即从问题入手，找到问题中的题眼，有针对性地扫读短文，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，然后寻找相关的同义或反义表述，围绕主旨深刻理解材料。2. 一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。但正确选项应当与主旨相关联。3. 如果问题中含有否定意义的词语，如有not, except等，要特别留心，不要理解错了，而选相反的答案。三、干
32、扰选项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但是不是题目要求的内容；2. 符合常识，但不是文章内容；3. 与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度或范围上有些变动。细节理解题例1 【2008 重庆卷阅读D篇】 Seeing a volcano erupt (喷发) is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the beat by climbing to the summit(山顶) of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active v
33、olcano from Antigua. Giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with many colorful houses along its old streets that are turned into art-works during its Holy Week festival. No matter when you come to Antigua, you wont m
34、iss the Pacaya-tour companies.But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forward and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming. Hot remains from recent erup
35、tions begin to line the path as you near the active summit; the McKenney Cone(火山锥). Just as though you were going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volc
36、ano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava(熔岩) and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air.
37、 There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night. the burning lava quietly falls down tae side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down .69. Antigua is a city .A. where people can enjoy cultural festivals B. wh
38、ere the daring Pacaya tour startsC. that gives a close-up view of Paraya D. that is famous for its tour companies 70. Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will .A. walk directly to the active summit B. hear the continuous loud noise from aboveC. make greater efforts than to other summits D. see a p
39、ath lined with remains of earlier eruptions71. Many tours are timed for people to .A. get down the mountain in time when night fallsB. avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the coneC. enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening skyD. appreciate the scenery of the 2560-metre-high mountain*结束