1、第6节社会(二).阅读理解A(2018广东佛山二模)The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam has welcomed home two paintings by the Dutch master，more than 14 years after they were ripped(抢) off the museums wall in a nighttime theft.Museum director Axel Rueger called their return “one of the most special days in the history of the mu
2、seum.”The paintings were discovered last year by Italian police while they were searching suspected Italian criminals farmhouse near Naples for evidence of drug dealing.The two paintings were wrapped in cotton sheets.They were stuffed in a box and hidden behind a wall in a toilet when they were foun
3、d.The paintings were considered among the artworks most searched for in the world.After years in darkness，they can now shine again.They are back on display at the museum before being taken to the conservation studio for repair.Fortunately，they suffered remarkably little damage as thieves who had cli
4、mbed up a ladder and broken a window to get into the museum in 2004 ripped them out of their frames.“It is not only a surprise that the works have been recovered but its even more surprising that they are in relatively unharmed condition，” Rueger said.The museum director was on vacation when the cal
5、l came last year from Italian authorities who believed they had recovered the paintings.He didnt celebrate right away.Hed had calls like this before.“I was hopeful but also a little hesitant.Over these years，we had so many occasions when people phoned us，contacted us，claiming that they knew somethin
6、g about the whereabouts(下落) of the works and each time it was false，the trace went cold，” he said.“So.the way has been full of disappointment.” But museum experts sent to Italy to check the authenticity(真实性) of the works quickly turned Ruegers doubts into delight.Rueger said the paintings are now ba
7、ck permanently at the museum，which is home to dozens of works by Van Gogh.“Im very confident that everything is safe in the museum from now on，” he said.语篇解读本文介绍了梵高的两幅画作在被窃14年之后回到了阿姆斯特丹的梵高博物馆。文章叙述了两幅绘画失而复得的经过。1How were the stolen paintings found?AThe police found them by accident.BThe arrested thiev
8、es gave information.CSome drug dealers offered clues.DThe police knew the hidden place.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段可知，警察在搜查一个嫌犯的农场寻找其贩毒的证据时，碰巧发现了被偷的绘画。故选A。2What surprised Rueger most about the lost paintings?AThey were stolen at night.BThey were found at last.CThey suffered little damage.DThe search took 14 yea
9、rs.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It is not only a surprise that the works have been recovered but its even more surprising that they are in relatively unharmed condition”可知，使吕格尔最吃惊的是丢失的绘画几乎没有受到损坏。故选C。3When Rueger got the call from Italian authorities，he .Adidnt believe themBfelt quite relievedCplanned to celeb
10、rateDdoubted the news答案D解析推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“He didnt celebrate right away.Hed had calls like this before.”及第六段第一句“I was hopeful but also a little hesitant.”可知，当吕格尔接到意大利当局的电话时，他对这个消息感到怀疑。故选D。4What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 probably mean?AReuger gradually lost interest in the search.BThe n
11、umber of false calls was greatly reduced.CRueger felt cold because of too many false calls.DThe chance to find the paintings became slim.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“Over these years，we had so many occasions when people phoned us，contacted us，claiming that they knew something about the whereabouts(下落) of the
12、works and each time it was false.”可推知划线部分的意思是“找到这些画的机会变得渺茫”。故选D。B(2018浙江名校新高考研究联盟联考)Carri Kessler and her husband Will named their daughter Ottilie after a friend from the UK.，who helped them a lot.However，right after their baby girl was born，the couple noticed a big problem.“No one could remember h
13、er name and no one could pronounce it.Were going to keep having to introduce her！” Kessler told T.The situation then grew worse as Kesslers grandmother admitted to sticking Postit notes around the house to help remind her of Ottilies name which can be pronounced either Ottillee or Ohteelya.Three mon
14、ths after Ottilie was born，the Kesslers decided to legally change their daughters name.The couple came up with two possible names.They then settled on Margot after talking to a name expert.The Kesslers situation is not uncommon as an increasing number of parents experience the same as the Kesslers.A
15、ccording to BabyCenter Canada,11% of its users wish they could change their childs name due to being overpopular，mispronounced or simply unfitting.Parents care a lot more and think a lot more about names now than their parents.To deal with this，a number of name experts now offer services to help par
16、ents choose the right name.Couples have also sought help from the Internet to choose their babys name.However，parents can change their childs name in the event that they regret their choice.In Canada，the rules vary in each province.For instance，in Ontario，the child must have lived in the province fo
17、r the past 12 months，or since birth if under the age of one.Each of the childs legal guardians(监护人) must also give permission.语篇解读本文主要介绍了父母为孩子改名字的社会现象。文章以凯斯勒夫妇为孩子改名为例子，说明了父母为什么要给孩子改名字，以及改名字的一些注意事项。5Whats the function of the example of the Kesslers?ATo ask for advice on their situation.BTo introduce
18、the topic of the passage.CTo show the background of the passage.DTo stress the importance of a suitable name.答案B解析推理判断题。文章借助凯斯勒夫妇为孩子改名字的例子，引出父母为孩子改名字这一社会现象，进而说明了父母为什么要给孩子改名字，以及改名字的一些注意事项。由此可知，举凯斯勒一家的事例是为了引出文章的主题。故选B。6What can we learn from the third paragraph?AThe Kesslers experience is no exception
19、.BUnfitness is the main reason for changing the name.C11% of Canadians are unsatisfied with their babys name.DParents always pay more attention to their childs name.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Kesslers situation is not uncommon as an increasing number of parents experience the same as the Kesslers.”可知，凯
20、斯勒夫妇的情况很常见，很多家长都有类似的经历，即凯斯勒夫妇的经历并非例外。故选A。7What would be the best title for the text?ARules for Name ChangeBWays to Name BabiesCBaby Name RegretDA Couples Anxiety答案C解析标题归纳题。全文以凯斯勒夫妇为孩子取名字，有所后悔，之后又改名字的例子说明父母给孩子改名的情况越来越多，并谈到了出现这种情况的原因和改名字的一些规定。因此选C项。.七选五(2018辽宁大连一模)Do your socks create joy? How about y
21、our old textbooks? How many spare rolls of toilet paper truly make you happy? These are the kinds of questions Ive been wondering about since I first read the bestseller The LifeChanging Magic of Tidying Up by Japanese organization expert Marie Kondo.As people who have followed her program on tidyin
22、g know，Kondo suggests we ask ourselves the simple question，“ 8 ” Its these four words that lead to a series of reflections on everyday things and a global movement. 9 This could be your clothes，old CDs，photographs or anything else you think you should “let go of”You lift one object from the pile and
23、 hold it in your hands and ask yourself whether it creates joy. 10 Is that scarf your greataunt knitted(织) you too ugly to wear? Our minds can persuade us to hold on to everything，but our hearts are more courageous. 11 Over the course of several months，as I dropped more into the donation bag，my ches
24、t swelled with joy.Giving away twothirds of my stuff(东西) to various charitiesKondo says that gifting friends and family with our unwanted stuff is unfair and actually prevents us from moving onmeant more to me than just a tidier home. 12 If one day all my clothes，books，and other things disappeared，I
25、 would still be the exact same person I was before，just with fewer things.ADoes this create joy?BLet go of it?CI got to learn more about who I am.DUnbelievably，the answer will most likely always be no.EYou start by creating a pile of things in your home.FMine told me that I could donate them and Id
26、be fine.GIt encouraged us to remove bad memories from the past.8答案A解析由第一段中的“Do your socks create joy? How about your old textbooks? How many spare rolls of toilet paper truly make you happy？”可知这里的意思是“这些可以创造快乐吗？”，再结合下句中的“these four words”可推知，选A。9答案E解析由“This could be your clothes，old CDs，photographs o
27、r anything else you think you should let go of”可知这里的意思是“你可以从在你的家里创造一堆东西开始。”选E。10答案D解析由“Is that scarf your greataunt knitted(织) you too ugly to wear？”可知这里意思是“难以置信的是，答案最可能总是不。”选D。11答案F解析由“Our minds can persuade us to hold on to everything，but our hearts are more courageous.”可知，这里的意思是“我的内心告诉我我可以捐赠它们。”故
28、选F。12答案C解析由“If one day all my clothes，books，and other things disappeared，I would still be the exact same person I was before，just with fewer things.”可知，这里是我更多地了解了自己”。故选C。.概要写作 (2018嘉兴4月模拟)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Why do people like what they like? Scientists have taken on the task of solving this m
29、ystery(奥秘) for ages.In the 1960s，psychologist Robert Zajonc conducted a series of experiments where he showed people nonsense words and random shapes.Afterward he asked his subjects which they preferred out of everything they had been shown.In study after study，people always chose the words and shap
30、es they had seen the most.Their preference was for familiarity.This discovery was one of the most important findings in modern psychology.But the preference for familiarity has clear limits.People get tired of even their favorite songs and movies.On one hand，humans seek familiarity，because it makes
31、them feel safe.On the other hand，people love the thrill of something new.This change between familiarity and discovery affects us all the timenot just our preferences for pictures and songs，but also our preferences for ideas and even people.For that reason，the power of familiarity seems to be strong
32、est when a person isnt expecting it.The opposite is also true: A surprise seems to work best when it contains some familiarity.Nobody knows this better than Raymond Loews，who is considered to be the “father” of industrial design.He had a theory that he said could help artists sell anything to anyone
33、.He called it MAYA“Most Advanced Yet Acceptable”“To sell something surprising，make it familiar; and to sell something familiar，make it surprising，” he said.One of Loewys final tasks was to add an element(要素) of familiarity to a truly new invention: NASAs first space station.Loewys biggest contributi
34、on to the space station was that he insisted NASA install a window with a view of the Earth.Today，tens of millions of people have seen this small detail in films about astronauts.It is hard to imagine a more perfect example of MAYA: a window to a new world can also show you home.参考范文After years of r
35、esearch，psychologist Robert discovered that familiarity accounted for peoples preference.However，our preference is always affected by the change between familiarity and surprise.Loewy showed a full understanding of this and created MAYA，a theory helping increase sales.His design of NASAs first space
36、 station is considered a perfect example of the theory.推理判断题写作意图题(2018北京，C)PlasticEating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of i
37、t，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping ba
38、g for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13%
39、 of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini，coauthor of the study，says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixtu
40、re，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carboncarbon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can br
41、eak down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team
42、s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。43What can we lear
43、n about the worms in the study?AThey take plastics as their everyday food.BThey are newly evolved creatures.CThey can consume plastics.DThey wind up in landfills.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“.found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene.”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down ab
44、out 92 milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。44According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to .Aidentify other means of the breakdownBfind out the source of the enzymeCconfirm the research findingsDincrease the breakdown speed答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The
45、next step.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B “查明酶的来源”与此吻合。45It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .Ahelp to raise wormsBhelp make plastic bagsCbe used to clean the oceansDbe produced in factories in futu
46、re答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply millions of worms.”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。46What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo explain a study method on worms.BTo introduce the diet of a
47、special worm.CTo present a way to break down plastics.DTo propose new means to keep ecobalance.答案C解析写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：1整篇文章的写作意图/目的：(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .(2)The purpose of the text is to .(3)What is
48、the main purpose of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that .2某处细节的写作意图/目的：(1)The writer uses.in the first paragraph to .(2)The writer uses the example of.to .(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .二、解题技巧1文体特点推意图 (1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理
49、展开的。(2)应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show.例如：【真题感悟】中的第46题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。