1、课时规范训练(单独成册)训练(十).阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。APeople who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are，a new study says.Perceived(感知)age might play a role in more than just how you feel.Results from the study，published in the Journal of
2、the American Medical Association，suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.University College London researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults，with an average age of 65.8 for the study.Around 70 percent of the subj
3、ects felt younger than they were，about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older than they were，when asked“How old do you feel you are？”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a followup period of 99 months.While just 14.3 and 18.5
4、percent of people who felt younger or felt their age，respectively，died during those 99 months,24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic，but suggest it could be that those who feel“young at heart”have healthier behaviors and m
5、ore resilience(恢复力)，giving them a stronger will to live.“Selfperceived age has the potential to change，so interventions may be possible.Individuals who feel older than their actual age could be targeted with health messages promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging，”the authors
6、write in the study.The good news is that you can change your perception of how young you are.And other studies suggest that there could be more benefits to thinking yourself younger，besides a longer life.One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age，by showing th
7、em positive word associations，helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair，in as little as four weeks.【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道类的说明文，主要介绍了一项最新的研究成果，即：心理年龄小于实际年龄的人可能会更长寿。1Of all the subjects，about people felt they were older than they were.A4,550B325C650D80解析：选B。细节
8、理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“.researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults.”和第二句中的“.just under 5 percent felt a year or more older than they were.”可知，研究对象一共有大约6 500人，不到5%的人感觉自己比实际年龄老，故选B项。2What do the authors probably agree with?AThose who feel older dont want to live longer.BThose who feel older cant enjoy a
9、longer life.CThose who feel younger might have a stronger will to live.DThose who feel younger cant have a short life.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第五段第一句中的“.those who feelyoung at hearthave healthier behaviors and more resilience(恢复力)，giving them a stronger will to live.”可知，作者们认为心理年龄比实际年龄小的人可能会有更强的生存意志，故C项正确。3Acco
10、rding to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?AResearchers are not sure about the result they got.BNo one can change his perception of how young he is.CMost people feel older than they truly are.DThinking yourself younger does harm to your health.解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“People who feel
11、younger than their actual age may live longer.”中的may和第五段第一句中的“The authors say more research is needed on the topic.”可推断，研究人员对其研究结果的准确性也不太肯定，故A项正确。4The passage mainly tells us .Awhat we can do to enjoy a longer lifeBhow we can look younger than we truly areCfeeling older may do great harm to our heal
12、thDfeeling younger may help you enjoy a longer life解析：选D。主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了一项最新的研究成果，即：心理年龄小于实际年龄的人可能会更长寿，故D项正确。B(2015高考重庆卷)The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain
13、the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige do
14、es Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from todays popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that beca
15、use “the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的)in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue
16、 to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the longlasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to exper
17、imental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.5According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?AIt introduces different cultural values.BIt explains the h
18、istory of artistic works.CIt relates artistic values to local conditions.DIt excites the human mind throughout the world.解析：选C。细节理解题。题干中的cultural relativism是关键词，答案可以锁定在文章第一段的第一句.simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.。文化相对主义认为，艺术作品的价值在于能够反映当地的社会和经济状况。换句话说，艺术作品的价值在于它们与当地的情况息息相关。6I
19、n Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that .Agreat works of art can go beyond national boundariesBhistory gives art works special appeal to set them apartCpopular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsDgreat artists are skilled at combining various cultures解析：选A。推理判断题。第二段
20、主要是通过举例说明的手法来说明第一段最后一句观点的真实性。第一段最后一句说，然而，这种观点不能解释一些艺术作品能够穿越文化和时间使人的思维兴奋起来。第二段所举的例子中提到莎士比亚、莫扎特，还提到日本的画家安藤广重，这些都与A项的go beyond national boundaries(超越国界)相匹配。7According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because .Athey are results of scientific studyBthey establish some general principles
21、of artCthey are created by the worlds greatest artistsDthey appeal to unchanging features of human nature解析：选D。细节理解题。根据题干中的Hume可将答案锁定在第三段。本段主要引用哲学家大卫休谟的话来说明艺术作品的价值所在。D项的unchanging features与本段最后一句中的unvarying features匹配，其中unchanging是unvarying的同义词。8Which of the following can best serve as the title of
22、the passage?AAre Artistic Values Universal?BAre Popular Arts Permanent?CIs Human Nature Uniform?DIs Cultural Relativism Scientific?解析：选A。标题概括题。文章的标题往往也是文章主旨大意的概括，或与主旨相关。本文第一段开篇点题，围绕艺术作品的价值进行讨论，由此可知应该选择A项。B项的popular arts，C项的human nature和D项的cultural relativism均与文章的the values of artistic works或artistic
23、 values不符，它们只是文章论述过程中所提到的一部分概念。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Its one way for a weasel (黄鼠狼) to get around：taking a ride on the back of a woodpecker (啄木鸟)In fact，the picture shows the birds fight 1. life after the flesheating weasel jumped onto its back and attacked it.The extraordinary pi
24、cture was taken by Martin LeMay，an amateur 2. (photograph) who was out walking with his wife in Hornchurch Country Park，Essex.“As we walked we heard a painful noise and I saw the flash of green，” said Mr LeMay,52.“We trained our telescope and it occurred that the woodpecker was 3. (natural)jumping a
25、bout like it was standing 4. a hot surface.The bird was about 50m away from us and took off just as I lifted the camera up.Originally，I 5. (think) I was just taking 6. picture of a green woodpecker flying.Then I realized it had 7. on its back.Suddenly it was obvious it had a small creature on its ba
26、ck and this was a struggle for life.”The bird was around two meters off the ground when Mr LeMay caught it on camera.Happily，it managed 8. (shake) off the weasel and fly up into the trees.The picture became a hot topic when it was circulated on social media，with some Twitter users 9. (say) it could
27、not be real.10. Matt Binstead，head keeper at the British Wildlife Centre，said：“You can tell its a real photograph”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。摄影师Martin LeMay与妻子在Hornchurch Country散步时，偶然间看见一只黄鼠狼跃上了一只啄木鸟的背，他灵机一动地拍下了这一奇妙瞬间。1for。考查固定搭配。fight for“为而战，为而奋斗”，为固定短语。故填for。 2.photographer。考查名词。photograph(v.)“拍照，照相”；photog
28、rapher(n.)“摄影师”，amateur(adj.)“业余的”，后面接名词，表示Martin LeMay的身份。故填photographer。3unnaturally。考查副词。填空处形容jumping，用副词形式；后面介绍啄木鸟的站姿好像站在热锅上，可知啄木鸟的站姿不自然。故填unnaturally。4on。考查介词。on“在上”，stand on“站在上”。故填on。5thought。考查动词时态。根据全文可知，故事发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填thought。6a。考查不定冠词。此处picture是单数，且没有指定是某一幅画。故填不定冠词a。7something。考查代词。前文介绍
29、啄木鸟的站姿很不自然，作者观察后发现有东西在啄木鸟的背上。故填something。8to shake。考查动词固定搭配。manage to do sth.“设法完成某事”。故填to shake。9saying。考查with的复合结构做伴随状语。users和say之间构成主动关系，所以用saying。10But。考查关联词。上句说，很多Twitter用户不相信这幅照片是真实的，而下句说Matt Binstead相信这幅照片是真实的，所以用表示转折关系的连词but。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉
30、及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。What is your favorite kind of music？Do you like jazz，popular music，classical music，folk songs，blues，and so on？In high school I took one course calling music appreciation
31、which I great enjoyed.This was not only to learn how to play a specific instrument but learn how to read and listen to music as an art form.We read the stories about the life of many composers and the history of the music instruments themselves.Sometimes we listen to tapes in the language laboratory
32、 or concerts.Music is sometimes called an universal language.A composer whom cannot speak a single word of our language can make us feel joy and pride，excitement and despair，peace and mystery along his music.答案：What is your favorite kind of music？Do you like jazz，popular music，classical music，folk s
33、ongs，blues，and so on？In high school I took one course music appreciation which I enjoyed.This was not only to learn how to play a specific instrument but learn how to read and listen to music as an art form.We read the stories about the of many composers and the history of the instruments themselves
34、.Sometimes we to tapes in the language laboratory or concerts.Music is sometimes called universal language.A composer cannot speak a single word of our language can make us feel joy and pride，excitement and despair，peace and mystery his music.小写作【写作素材】1他曾是当代一位有名的画家，喜欢画风景画并因此而闻名。(contemporary；painter
35、；be fond of；be wellknown for)2他打算放弃传统的模式而采用一种新的绘画风格。(give up；traditional style；adopt)3他时时观察大自然，不厌其烦。(observe；get tired of)4他意识到必须要忍受一些痛苦。(realise；stand)5但是他相信他的绘画将大受欢迎，他的梦想一定会实现。(painting) One possible version：He used to be a famous contemporary painter，who was fond of drawing landscape and was wellknown for it.But he decided to give up traditional style and adopt a new drawing style.He observed nature from time to time and never got tired of it.He realised that he had to stand some pains.But he believed that his paintings would be popular and his dreams would be realised.