1、1vt.使困住2n.原则，道德法则3prep.超出4adj.有关的5n.巧合6vt.宣判死刑，注定毁灭7vt.&vi.牺牲，献出trapprinciplebeyondrelevantcoincidencecondemnsacrifice8vt.主张，提倡9vt.回收利用10n.代替品，代用品11vt.依法没收，扣押12n.规模，大小13adj.艰难的14n.方法15vt.&vi.逃走advocate recyclesubstituteseizescalerough means flee 16n.潜在的可能性17adj.成熟的18n自然保护区vt.保留；预订adj.预定的，保留的n预订；保留19
2、n农业adj.农业的20vt.威胁n威胁21adj.多变的n&v变化22n分离，分开vt.分离；分开adj.不同的；各自的potentialmature reservereserved reservation agricultureagricultural threatenthreat changeable changeseparationseparate 23vt.建造n建造24vt.采用，收养n收养；采用25n资金adj.财政的；金融的26vt.分配，配给n分配；配给27n政治(活动)adj.政治的n政治家construct constructionadoptadoptionfinance
3、 financial allocateallocationpolitics politicalpolitician 28vt.削尖adj.尖的；锐利的29adj.体贴的，想得周到的v考虑n考虑；体贴30vt.计算，算出n计算n计算器sharpensharp considerate consider consideration calculatecalculationcalculator1 一些2超出的控制，不受的控制3展望未来4指，意即5依次6引起，导致7采取行动a number ofbeyond ones control look aheadrefer to in turnlead tota
4、ke action 8在前面9除以外10(对已产生的不良后果)负责任11要求结束12否则，不然13结束14代表on somebodys behalf wrap upor elsecall for an end to sth.answer for apart from ahead of15永远16掠去，夺走17总的来说18导致19谋生20塞住耳朵for good carry off all in allresult in earn ones living plug ones ears21祝一切顺利22总结，概括23实际上24摆脱；脱离all the bestsum upas a matter o
5、f factbreak away from1Looking ahead,scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖是21世纪最大的问题之一。解读：looking ahead为动词ing形式作状语，facing the 21st century为动词ing形式作定语仿写：闲逛的时候，我发现地上有个钱包。_，I found a wallet _ on the ground.答案：Wal
6、king around;lying2Given this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅是巧合。解读：given介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到，倘若”仿写：考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得还算不错。_ their inexperience,theyve done a good job.答案：Given3If we add up all thes
7、e small changes made by everyone World-wide,they wont be such small changes.如果我们把全世界每个人所造成的小变化加起来，他们将不再是小变化。解读：made by.为过去分词短语作后置定语仿写：这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。The meeting,_，was a success.答案：attended by a lot of people1trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套(1)trap sb.into(doing)sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套be/get trapped in 被困在
8、中(2)fall into the trap of doing sth.落入的圈套set/lay a trap for 为设圈套教材P5原句 Because of the greenhouse effect,the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使地球的气温上升。He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract.他觉得自己是中了圈套才接受这合同条款的。Dontinvesting all your mone
9、y in one place.不要把你所有的钱都投资到一个地方，那样做不明智。MaryPeter and he really fell into the trap.玛丽给彼特设了个圈套，而他真中计了。fall into the trap ofset a trap for 2.reserve n保护区；储备vt.储备；保存；保留；预订(1)a nature reserve 自然保护区in reserve 贮存；备用(2)reserve sth.for sb./sth.为某人/某物保留、预定(3)reservation n.保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation 预订(座位
10、、房间等)教材P5原句 Breweries are often built in nature re-serves.啤酒厂经常建在自然保护区。It is advisable to keep some foodin case of emergency.储备一些食物以应急需是明智的。in reserveId like toa tablethree for eight oclock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。Customers are advised to make seat reservations well in advance.建议顾客提前订好座位。reservefor3beyond p
11、rep.超出(能力，范围等)，在之外，在更远处beyond ones control 超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制beyond ones reach 够不着，超出之外beyond ones power/ability 超出某人的能力beyond words/description 无法形容，难以言表beyond question 毫无疑问beyond belief 难以置信教材P6原句 In the last few decades,scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing cha
12、nges in the Earths climate something previously seen as beyond our control.在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。Instead,the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman,beyond the reach of all teammates.(摘自2011江苏高考阅读理解D)然而，投球手将球高高地扔过第一位球员的头顶，所有队员都够不着。Things are.事不由己
13、。I am afraid it isto do what you are asking.我恐怕无力做你要求做的事。beyond ones controlbeyond my power4.advocate vt.主张，提倡 n提倡者，拥护者(1)advocate(doing)sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that.主张(2)be an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者教材P6原句 Experts advocate that each person play their part.专家们主张每一个人都要发挥自己的作用。Hemilitary spending.他
14、主张消减军费开支。He is an advocate of more airplanes and fewer warships.他是一个提倡多造飞机、少造军舰的人。advocates reducing5.substitute n代替品，代用品vt.&vi.(用)替代；取代(1)a substitute for.的代替者a milk/meat substitute 代乳/肉制品(2)substitute A for B substitute B with/by A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代教材P6原句 After all,theres no substitute f
15、or our Earth.毕竟，没有任何东西可代替地球。He was taking away her only tool for knowing and was providing her with no substitute.(摘自2011新课标全国卷完形填空)教授拿走了她唯一的求知工具，但是并未给她提供一个替代品。Can youme at the meeting?你代替我去开会好吗？We must substitute a new chair for the broken one.We mustthe broken chaira new one.我们必须用一把新椅子来代替这把坏了的。sub
16、stitute forsubstitutewith/by6.means n方式，方法；手段a means of(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法by all means (表示同意)当然可以，没问题；务必；无论如何by means of 通过；用；借助于by no means 决不，一点也不(在句首时句子要部分倒装)教材P11原句 The telephone is a means of communi-cation.电话是一种通信方式。Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.
17、(摘自2011重庆高考阅读理解C)清洁的饮用水供应和洗手是一种实用的预防疾病的方法。can theory be separated from practice.理论决不能脱离实践。He climbed the treea ladder.他用梯子爬上了树。By no means by means of关键一点 means“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形，当means作主语且有every,each等表示单数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some,several,many,few等表示复数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。7threaten vt.威胁，恐吓(1)threaten sb.with
18、 sth.用某事威胁某人threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事threaten that.威胁(2)threat n.威胁，恐吓a threat to sb./sth.对某人或某事的威胁教材P7原句 They threatened to close our credit lines if we dont reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce.如果我们不降低我们排放的二氧化碳的数量，他们威胁将要取消我们的信用额度。The attackerthema gun.袭击者用枪威胁他们。China is a peaceloving cou
19、ntry,and we have never been a threat to the world.中国是一个爱好和平的国家，从来不会成为世界的威胁。threatenedwith8.adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养教材P12原句 The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans.中国政府已采用了好几项噪声控制方案Wed like to.我们想采纳你的意见。In 1999,we adopted our first son.(摘自2011天津高考阅读理解B)1999年，我们收养了我们第一个儿子。adopt your id
20、ea.单词拼写1By _(巧合),John and I ended up at Yale.答案：coincidence2What experience do you have that is _(相关的)to this position?答案：relevant3Sun Yang has the _(潜力)to become a champion in the Olympics to be held in London.答案：potential4Vitamin pills are no _(替代品)for a healthy diet.答案：substitute5We should a_ the
21、 consumers suggestion.答案：adopt6The incident t_ to ruin his chances in the election.答案：threatened7We always keep some money in r_，just in case.答案：reserve8For most people,the car is still their main m_ of transport.答案：means.单项填空1Here is a new edition of Crazy English.Do you want to look at it?_！Let me
22、 see it.ABy and byBNot reallyCMind your own businessDBy all means解析：考查交际用语。根据答语的下一句可知答话人“当然”想看一看。前三项分别表示“不久，很快”“不完全是”“少管闲事”，都不符合语意。答案：D2The excitement the news had caused was _ words.Abesides BoutsideCbeyond Dbehind解析：考查介词。句意：这条新闻带来的兴奋无法用语言表达。beyond“超出(某种数量、限度等)”。答案：C3People running for president of
23、ten _ reducing taxes.Aadvise BadvocateCsuggest Dinsist解析：句意：竞选总统者常常主张减少税收。通过句意可知，只有advocate“主张，提倡”符合句子要求。答案：B4Her brother _ to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.Adeclared BthreatenedCwarned Dexclaimed解析：句意：她哥哥威胁说如果她不服从他的命令，他就把她单独留在黑房间里。threaten to do“威胁要做”。答案：B5There are
24、hundreds of people desperate to _ an orphan whose parents were killed in the Haiti earthquake.Areceive BeducateCadopt Dabuse解析：句意：数以千计的人非常想收养海地地震中丧失父母的孤儿。receive“收到”；educate“教育”；adopt“收养”；abuse“滥用”。答案：C6He made a hotel _ in the name of Johnson Greens.Areserve BreservationCserve Dservice解析：考查词义及词性辨析。
25、空中缺少名词，排除C项。另外，make a reservation是固定短语，意为“预订(座位、房间等)”。reserve既是动词也是名词，作名词时意为“保护区；保留”。答案：B7(2012海淀高三检测)It was reported that 115 miners _ in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last.Atrapped Bbeing trappedCwere trapped Dhad trapped解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，115名矿工在被淹没的矿中困了8天之后终于被活着救了出来。句中的
26、“trapped in the flooded mine for eight days”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰miners。答案：A8It is wise of you to _ welltrained workers _ untrained ones in the assembly line.Asubstitute;for Bsubstitute;withCreplace;by Dreplace;with解析：substitute.for.用前者代替后者，其余三项均为用后者代替前者。语境为“用培训了的工人代替没有培训的工人”，所以A项合适。答案：A1refer to指，意即，参考，查
27、阅；提到，谈到；涉及教材P6原句 Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature that,in turn,leads to climate change.地球变暖指的是地球平均温度增长，继而导致气候变化。the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个单词时，查阅一下词典。Refer to 关键一点 refer to 表示“查阅；参阅”意义时，相当于consult，其宾语为词典、书籍类的名词，而look up的搭配结构
28、则为look up sth.in a dictionary。Dont refer to the matter again.不要再提这件事了。My doctora specialist.我的医生让我去找一位专家诊治。refer to.as.把看作refer.to.把送交给referred me to2apart from(aside from)除以外教材P8原句 Apart from the few found in zoos,pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland China.除了在动物园里看到的几只熊猫外，熊猫仅仅
29、生活在中国内地中部的竹林里。Ive finishedthe last question.除了最后一道题，我全做完了。apart from We had to take the engine apart.我们不得不卸下引擎。I cantthe twins.我分不出这一对双胞胎中谁是谁。take sth.apart 将拆卸开，拆分tell A and B apart 分辨出A与Bfall apart 破裂，断裂，散开 tellapart3all in all总的来说教材P9原句 Well,all in all,if we help protect these animals and spread
30、the news about conservation.嗯，总的来说，如果我们帮助保护这些动物，并且传播有关动物保护的信息 at all (常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气)根本；无论如何，一点儿after all 毕竟；终究in all 总共first of all 首先，第一above all 首先，最重要的是语境串记You shouldnt have scolded the boy at all,he is a child after all;above all,he made only two mistakes in all.你根本不该责备那个男孩，他毕竟还是一个孩子；更重要的是，他
31、总共才出了两处错。,we must get their support.首先，我们必须得到他们的支持。First of all.选词填空(其中有一项是多余的)1You should have to answer _ what you said.答案：for2All _ all,her condition has greatly improved.答案：in3They answered the teachers questions _ turn.答案：in4The heavy rain resulted_ serious floods.答案：in5Apart _ the desk,the roo
32、m was empty.答案：from6We must break away _ conventions.答案：from.单项填空1Shall we _ for twenty minutes and have a cup of coffee?I cant agree with you any more.Abreak off Bbreak downCbreak up Dbreak out解析：考查动词短语。问句句意：我们能不能停下来喝杯咖啡？break off“中断，停止”；break down“瓦解，分解”；break up“破裂，解散”；break out“爆发”。答案：A2_ giving
33、 a general introduction to computers,the course also provides practical experience.AExcept BApart fromCBut DExcept that解析：根据关键词“also”可知，giving a general introduction to computers 是包括在内的。故选B项。答案：B3On AIDS Day,the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems _ paid special attention to.Are
34、ferred to being Breferred to beCrefer to being Drefer to be解析：referred to为过去分词作后置定语；demand后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即should动词原形的形式，这里省略了should。答案：B4The textbook has some weak spots,but _ I consider it a success.Ain all Ball in allCat all Dabove all解析：in all“总共，总计”；all in all“总的说来”；at all“根本，全然”；above all“最重要的是”。
35、根据语境“虽然有不足之处，但总的说来是成功的”，所以B项合适。答案：B5Some kinds of birds in winter fly to the south to _ the cold in the north.Aget away from Bcome up withCbreak away from Dput up with解析：句意：有些鸟为了躲避北方的寒冷，在冬天的时候飞到南方。get away from“摆脱，逃离”；come up with“想出”；break away from“背弃，与脱离关系”；put up with“忍受”。答案：Athis data,it seems
36、that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅是巧合。Given(1)本句中的given 为介词，意思为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若；假定”。Given her interest in children,I am sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。,Ill d
37、o it again.如果有机会，我会再做一次。Given the chance(2)表示“考虑到”时，given 后还可接that从句。It seems reasonable to send him away,he is doing quite well.考虑到他做得很好，派他去似乎是很合理的。(3)given 还可作形容词，意为“规定的，特定的”。Which are you more likely to have with you at any given moment your cellphone or your wallet？(摘自2011湖北高考阅读理解E)在任何特定的时刻，你更有可
38、能随身携带什么你的手机还是钱包？given that.完成句子1如果健康状况良好，我希望今年完成这项工作。_，I hope to finish the job this year.答案：Given good health2打开窗户，你就能看见下面的花园。_，you will see the garden below.答案：Opening the window.单项填空3_ that you are right,we wont be able to do anything about it.AGiving BConsideredCGiven DSeen解析：句意：倘若你正确的话，我们就不能做与它
39、有关的任何事情了。given在此意为“倘若”，后面可跟名词、代词或that从句。答案：C4What are on show in the museum?Some pictures _ by middleschool students.Ataking Bhaving been takenCtaken Dbeing taken解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。答语是省略句，taken by middleschool students为过去分词短语作定语，表示一个被动的、已经完成的动作。句意：“博物馆在展出什么？”“一些由中学生拍的照片。”答案：C转述结构；被动语态1The child asked his
40、 mother _ go out to play tennis.Athat he could Bif he couldCif could he Dthat could he解析：宾语从句中应使用陈述句语序，首先排除C、D两项；if引导宾语从句，表示“是否”；that引导宾语从句既不作句子成分，也无汉语意义。由句意可知，应选B。答案：B2After the examination，my teacher told me that failure _ the mother of success.Awas BisCbe Dbeen解析：表示“真理，事实”的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。答案：B3I
41、t is said that he isnt the only one of the students that _at the meeting.Apraised BpraisesCis praised Dare praised解析：考查主谓一致和时态语态。在“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，定语从句的动词通常用复数形式；如果在这类结构之前有定冠词the或the only等限定词，定语从句的动词形式依one而定，用单数，而在否定句中则反之。由语意可知这里是“受到表扬”，故选D项。答案：D4Shirley still remembers the excitement when she _f
42、or a trip to Australia.Achooses Bhas been chosenCchose Dwas chosen解析：考查时态和语态。句意：Shirley 依然记得当她被选 去澳大利亚旅行时的兴奋。choose和Shirley之间为动宾关系，由语意可知这件事发生在过去，故D项正确。答案：D5If we _ another two weeks,we will be able to finish the task.Agive Bwill giveCare given Dwill be given解析：考查动词的时态和语态。在条件状语从句中，应用一般现在时表示将来。give 和w
43、e 之间存在动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态形式。答案：C6Rainforests_ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.Aare cutting down Bare cut downCare being cut down Dhad been cut down解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据题干内容可知，这句话表示雨林正在遭受砍伐，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。答案：C7A great many books_ every year,and large quan
44、tities of them _ well.Ahave published;sellsBhave been published;sellChave been published;sellsDhas been published;sell解析：考查主谓一致及语态。“a great many可数名词的复数”作主语，谓语用复数形式，而且书是被出版，所以要用被动语态；“large quantities of.”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。故选B。答案：B8When they got there the injured _ to the nearest hospital.Awere sent Bhad been sentChas been sent Dis sent解析：句意：当他们赶到时，受伤人员已经被送往最近的医院接受治疗了。send这一动作发生在got there之前，且与the injured之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。答案：B