1、第9节饮食与健康(一).阅读理解A(2018湖南岳阳二模)Animal lovers have long suspected that playing with pups was good for the soul，and now science has confirmed itfor students in particular.The results of a new study done by researchers at the University of British Columbia concluded that the college students who spent ti
2、me at dropin dog therapy sessions experienced an increase in feelings of wellness and a reduction in overall stress.The study，as reported by Science Daily，indicates that playing with pups is not only popular with the students，its also beneficial to their health.This finding was seen across gender(性别
3、)The study，published on March 12 in the journal Stress and Health，involved 246 students who were surveyed before and after they dropped by dog therapy sessions.The young participants were given free access to pet，hug with and talk to seven to 12 therapy dogs.Additionally，they filled out questionnair
4、es right before and right after hanging with the dogs，as well as 10 hours later.According to researchers，these young adults reported a notable increase in happiness，a significant reduction in stress and a flood of energy right after their sessions with the pups.Although the reported feelings of happ
5、iness and satisfaction werent longlasting，researchers say other effects have clear，positive advantages.“These sessions clearly provide benefits for students in the shortterm，so we think universities should try to schedule them during particularly stressful times，such as around exam periods，” Assista
6、nt Professor of Psychology at UBC and the studys senior author，Frances Chen told Science Daily.“Even having therapy dogs around while students are working on their outofclass assignments could be helpful.”1What does the new study say about the pups?AThey are only good for college students.BThey are
7、only beneficial to the students physical health.CThey can increase happiness and satisfaction.DThey can create positive feelings that last very long.答案C解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句可知，小狗可以增加人们的快乐感和满足感。故选C。2What does the author of the study advise universities to do?AAllow their students to have therapy dogs to
8、 avoid acute stress.BAllow their students to have therapy dogs around during each exam.CAllow their students to have therapy dogs around during their class.DAllow their students to have therapy dogs to achieve good grades.答案A解析细节理解题。由最后一段第一句中的“These sessions clearly provide benefits for students in
9、the shortterm，so we think universities should try to schedule them during particularly stressful times，such as around exam periods”可知，作者建议大学允许他们的学生养狗来避免严重的压力。故选A。3What can we infer from Paragraph 2?ACollege students like to play with pups.BDog therapy sessions are popular among college students.CPeo
10、ple especially college students are under great pressure.DPlaying with pups benefits males and females mentally.答案D解析推理判断题。由第二段可知，和小狗玩，使无论男士还是女士在精神上都受益。故选D。4What may be the best title for the text?APups，Best Friends of HumansBPups，Therapies for StudentsCAnimal Lovers and PupsDPets Keeping and the So
11、ul答案B解析标题归纳题。由全文的主题句“Animal lovers have long suspected that playing with pups was good for the soul，and now science has confirmed itfor students in particular.”可知，这篇文章主要讲了和小狗玩对人的精神健康有好处，特别是对学生。故选B。B(2018江西质检)Now people are very concerned about the food problem.Steve Wilson prefers organic fruit，deli
12、vered right to the doorstep.He is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible，the 30yearold computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.“Organic product is always better，” Wilson said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting fam
13、ily farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.” Wilson is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.But how
14、 many shoppers really know what they are getting，and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic product? Market research shows that Wilson and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferencesbut their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.For ex
15、ample，small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported(进口) to meet growing demand.“The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year，so it is a very fastgrowing market，” said Sue Flock，a sp
16、ecialist in this line of business.语篇解读这是一篇社会生活类文章。越来越多的人选择有机食物，因为他们认为有机食物无污染，更美味，从而引发了一场有机食品潮。5Why does Steve Wilson prefer organic fruit?AIt is delivered right to the doorstep.BMore and more people buy organic fruit.CHe likes homegrown fruit very much.DHe considers the fruit free of pollution.答案D解析
17、细节理解题。由第二段中的“The food is free of pesticides(农药)”可知，Steve Wilson认为有机食品没有农药，即没有污染。故D选项正确。6What do the underlined words “the organic trend” in Paragraph 2 mean?AGetting the food anywhere.BGrowing food at home.CBetter quality of organic food.DGrowing interest in organic food.答案D解析词义猜测题。由第一段中的“Steve Wils
18、on prefers organic fruit，delivered right to the doorstep”和第二段中的“Wilson is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend”可知，the organic trend指的是人们对有机食物越来越感兴趣，吃有机食物的人越来越多。故D选项正确。7Why does Sue Flock say it is a very fastgrowing market?ABecause of a rapid increase in the demand for
19、 it.BBecause it is produced on large farms.CBecause it cant be produced on family farms.DBecause of its proper prices.答案A解析细节理解题。由最后一段中的“The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year，so it is a very fastgrowing market，”可知，对有机食物的需求以每年三分之一的速度增长，所以，这是一个快速增长的市场。故A选项正确。.完形填空(201
20、8江西质检)There are too many fat people in America，so many Americans are fighting against overweight.But the 8 thing is that the French，who consume rich food， 9 to stay thin.Now a 10 by Cornell University suggests 11 lifestyle and decisions about 12 may affect weight.Researchers concluded that the Frenc
21、h tend to stop eating when they feel 13 .However，Americans tend to stop when their 14 are empty or their favorite TV show is over.According to Dr.Joseph Mercola，a(n) 15 expert，the French see eating 16 an important part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a 17 time at the table，whi
22、le Americans see eating as 18 to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans 19 the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have 20 .In addition，he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned an
23、d 21 foods for the week.The French， 22 tend to shop daily，walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a 23 of fresh fruits，vegetables，and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal.After a visit to the United States，Mireille Guiliano，author of French Women Dont Get Fat，decided to
24、 24 about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid 25 .Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.In spite of all these differences，evidence shows that recent lifestyle 26 may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)or extreme
25、 overweightamong adults is only 6%.However，as American fast food gains 27 and the young reject older traditions，the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%and is growing.语篇解读文章通过对比，介绍了法国人吃大量油腻食品，但仍然保持苗条身材的原因：生活方式和关于饮食的决定。8A.present BnaturalCstrange Dmodern答案C解析present目前的，现存的；natural自然的；st
26、range奇怪的；modern现代的。很多美国人超重。但是，令人奇怪的是，吃大量油腻食品的法国人，却仍然保持很瘦的身材。故C选项正确。9A.continue BmoveCtry Dexpand答案A解析continue继续；move移动；try尝试，努力；expand扩充，扩大，扩展。故A选项正确。10A.research BnovelCbook Dnewspaper答案A解析research研究；novel小说；book书；newspaper报纸。由下文中的researchers可知，康奈尔大学做的一个研究表明生活方式和关于吃的决定可能会影响体重。故A选项正确。11A.that BwhatC
27、how Dwhen答案A解析 lifestyle and decisions about may affect weight是suggest的宾语从句，结合上句中的解析可知，该从句结构意思完整，故应用that引导该从句。故A选项正确。12A.working BlivingCstudying Deating答案D解析work工作；live生活；study学习；eat吃。由该空后面的affect weight可推知，生活方式和关于吃的决定可能会影响体重。故D选项正确。13A.sensitive BsadChappy Dfull答案D解析sensitive敏感的；sad悲伤的；happy高兴的，快乐
28、的；full饱的。当法国人感到吃饱了的时候，他们就不再吃东西了。故D选项正确。14A.pockets BrefrigeratorsChouses Dplates答案D解析pocket口袋；refrigerator冰箱；house房子；plate盘子。但是，美国人只有在盘子里空了(即没有东西可吃了)或者他们最喜欢的电视剧结束的时候他们才停止吃东西。故D选项正确。15A.education BhealthCliterature Dspeech答案B解析education教育；health健康；literature文学；speech演讲。由下文中Dr.Joseph Mercola的观点可知，他是一位
29、健康专家。故B选项正确。16A.into BasCinside Dto答案B解析法国人将吃看作是他们生活方式中非常重要的一部分。see.as.意为“将看作”，是固定搭配。故B选项正确。和下一句中的“Americans see eating as to be squeezed”表达一致。17A.fairly long Bfairly shortCvery exciting Drather fast答案A解析fairly long相当长的；fairly short相当短的；very exciting非常令人兴奋的；rather fast相当快。法国人喜欢食物，所以他们花了相当长的时间在餐桌旁。故A
30、选项正确。18A.anything BsomethingCeverything Dnothing答案B解析anything任何事物；something某件事；everything一切事物；nothing什么也没有。美国人将吃看作是一件从其他日常活动中挤出来的事情。故B选项正确。19A.get BbringClose Dreceive答案C解析get得到；bring带来；lose失去；receive收到。由下文中的“they keep eating long”可知，当美国人实际上已经饱了的时候，他们感觉不到(自己已经吃饱了)。故C选项正确。20A.kept BenjoyedCwent Dstop
31、ped答案D解析keep保持；enjoy喜欢，享受；go去；stop停止。当美国人实际上已经饱了的时候，他们感觉不到(自己已经吃饱了)。所以他们会一直吃很长时间，这远远超过了法国人停止吃食物的时间。故D选项正确。21A.hot BcoolCwarm Dfrozen答案D解析hot热的；cool凉快的；warm温暖的；frozen冷冻的。美国人往往会开车去大超市买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品。故D选项正确。22A.therefore BinsteadChowever Dmerely答案B解析therefore因此；instead代替，相反；however但是；merely仅仅。美国人往往会开车去大超市
32、买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品。相反，法国人却每天都去购物，步行到小的商店去买新鲜的水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。故B选项正确。23A.choice BmessageCorder Dnumber答案A解析choice选择；message信息；order命令；number数目。法国人往往会选择新鲜水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。故A选项正确。24A.write BreadCspeak Dthink答案A解析write写；read读；speak说；think想。由前文中的“author of French Women Dont Get Fat”可知，Mireille Guiliano是一位作家，所以她决定写关于知道何
33、时停止吃东西的重要性而不是建议人们如何避免吃某些食物。故A选项正确。25A.fruit BfoodCoil Degg答案B解析参考上题解析。fruit水果；food食物；oil油，石油；egg蛋。故B选项正确。26A.examples BtraditionCchanges Dstories答案C解析example例子；tradition传统；change变化；story故事。证据表明最近的生活方式的变化可能会影响法国人的饮食习惯。故C选项正确。27A.failure BsuccessCacceptance Drejection答案C解析failure失败；success成功；acceptanc
34、e接受；rejection拒绝。由下文的“the young reject older traditions”可知，法国的年轻人拒绝传统食物，由此可知，他们越来越接受美国的快餐。故C选项正确。.语法填空(2018湖南G10教育联盟4月联考)Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition.The practice of drinking tea has 28 long history in China，having originated there.Nowadays，Chinese tea generally represents tea leaves
35、 which have been processed 29 (use) methods inherited from ancient China.According to a popular legend，tea 30 (discover) by Chinese Emperor Shen Nong in 2737 BC 31 a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into the water the emperor was boiling.The Emperor was interested in the new liquid， 32 (drink) some car
36、efully，and found it very refreshing.And so，tea was said to be created in 2737 BC.Tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China.The beverage(饮料) is considered one of the seven 33 (necessity) of Chinese life，along with firewood，rice，oil，salt，soy sauce and vinegar.Around 771 BC476 BC the Ch
37、inese tea was used 34 (help) treat some diseases.Most Chinese teas are cultivated and consumed in China.Tea shops and tea houses in the street are easily found in China.Meanwhile，they are also exported internationally due 35 a rise in the 36 (popular) of Chinese cuisine worldwide.Tea has become one
38、of Chinese specific drinks in the world.It is 37 (common) available in Chinese restaurants and grocery shops worldwide.28答案a解析考查冠词。a long history意为“一段悠久的历史”。history前有形容词修饰且表泛指，前面一般用不定冠词。29答案using解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：使用从古代中国继承来的方法加工茶叶。“ (use) methods inherited from ancient China”是方式状语。故该空填现在分词using。30答案was
39、discovered解析考查时态和语态。句意为：茶叶是神农在公元前2737年发现的。tea和discover之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语，应用一般过去时态。故该空填was discovered。31答案when解析考查定语从句。“a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into the water the emperor was boiling”是定语从句，修饰2737BC，引导词在从句中作时间状语，故该从句应用关系副词when引导。32答案drank解析考查时态。所填词与was，found是三个并列谓语动词，故该空应用一般过去时态，填drank。33答案necess
40、ities解析考查名词单复数。该空前有seven修饰，故填名词复数形式。34答案to help解析考查非谓语动词。茶叶被用来帮助治疗一些疾病。“ (help) treat some diseases”是目的状语，故填to help。35答案to解析考查介词。due to意为“因为”，是固定短语。36答案popularity解析考查名词。该空作in的宾语，故填名词popularity。37答案commonly解析考查副词。该空修饰形容词available，故用副词形式。 词句猜测题代词指代题(2017全国，B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George
41、 Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio pow
42、ers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we
43、were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enou
44、gh to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each
45、 other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.24Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at f
46、irst?APaul Newman wanted it.BThe studio powers didnt like his agent.CHe wasnt famous enough.DThe director recommended someone else.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。25Why did
47、Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?AThey were of the same age.BThey worked in the same theater.CThey were both good actors.DThey had similar characteristics.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun o
48、f each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。26What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir supp
49、ort for each other.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。27What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his love of films.BTo remember a friend.CTo introduce a new movie.DTo share his acting experience.答案B解析写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保
50、罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which.” refer to?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which.” in Paragraph.refers to “ ”二、解题技巧“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词
51、所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharing that与前面的shared the belief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；the belief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项