1、语法部分专题一复杂多变的动词第一讲谓语动词一动词的时态和语态A组单句语法填空1(2020新高考山东卷)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，_(form)the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文内容以及时间状语 in 1759可知，应用一般过去时。答案：formed2(2020全国卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river wher
2、e he could find the legendary (传奇的)artist，they smiled and _(point)down the river.解析：考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓语，故用一般过去时。答案：pointed3(2020浙江卷7月)By about 6000 BC，people _(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语By about 6000 BC可知，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had discovered。答案：had discovered4(2
3、019全国卷)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_ (make)over the years.I work not because I have to，but because I want to.解析：考查时态。根据空格后的时间状语over the years可知，句子要用现在完成时。答案：have made5(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform，nobody _(have)to worry about fashion(时尚).解
4、析：考查时态和主谓一致。空格前面的从句用了一般现在时，主句谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而句子主语nobody是第三人称单数，所以当句子为一般现在时态时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。答案：has/will have6(2020全国卷)“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _(construct).”解析：考
5、查被动语态。此处表示“月球是如何构成的”，应用被动语态，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填is constructed。答案：is constructed7(2020新高考山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public _(call)galleries or rooms.解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为The parts of a museum，设空处为谓语动词，与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境可知这里为客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。答案：are called8(2020浙江卷7月)Farming produced mor
6、e food per person than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food _(need).解析：考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填was needed。答案：was neededB组单句改错1(2020全国卷)Actually，I start to learn kung fu when I was s
7、even years old，but I have long been out of practice.答案：startstarted2(2019全国卷)Ive had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to open a cafe.Though it may appear simple，it required a lot of ideas and efforts.解析：文章讲述的是现在发生的事，故用一般现在时。答案：requiredrequires3(2018全国卷)One was that I was amazed at the
8、 fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.解析：文章整体行文都是过去时态，此处也是叙述过去发生的事情，所以也用过去时态。答案：iswas4(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.解析：句法错误。根据主句的谓语didnt realize和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语ente
9、red可知，此处说的是过去的事情，所以are应改为were。答案：arewere5(2018全国卷)I find a big change there.The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and other animals.解析：句法错误。文章讲述的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。答案：findfound6(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high sc
10、hool and become a new member of the school music club.解析：考查时态和语态。photo与take为被动关系，故应用被动语态，所以应把took改为taken；主句时态为一般过去时，and连接并列谓语entered和became，所以应把become改为became。答案：tooktaken；becomebecame7(2017全国卷)I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.解析：由时间状语in the past few years可知，此处
11、应用现在完成时。答案：hadhave一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年语法填空和短文改错必考的语法项目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。下面所有的谓语动词的构成皆以do为例：(一)一般现在时一般现在时常用来表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态。1谓语动词的构成：do/does2基本用法(1)表示经常性的动作常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.星期一早晨，通常花费我一小时开车去上班。(2)表
12、示客观真理、格言或者警句等表示客观真理时，即使主句是一般过去时，宾语从句还要用一般现在时。As we all know，the earth travels around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。(3)表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作谓语动词是come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return，live，fly等，可以用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。My dream school starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm.我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般
13、现在时代替一般将来时If you come this afternoon，well have a meeting.如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。(二)一般过去时1谓语动词的构成：did2基本用法(1)表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday，last month，just now，the other day，three days ago，in 1989等。The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai.前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。(2)在时
14、间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。(3)表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时，know，think，expect等动词常用一般过去时。Much to my disappointment，the film is not as moving as I expected.使我非常失望的是，这部电影没有和我原来预料的一样感人。(4)常见句型：It is time that sb.did sth.该到某人做某事的时候了It i
15、s/has been一段时间since.did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了would/had rather sb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军三年了。(5)句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语George said that he would come to school to see me t
16、he next day，but he didnt.乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我，但是他没有来。(单句语法填空/单句改错)1(2020北京卷)She _(persuade)me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“lit in me a fire for literature”可知，此处表述的是过去发生的事情，故填persuaded。答案：persuaded2(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever，the r
17、eview says it _(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling，or swimming.解析：the review says后跟的是宾语从句，主句谓语动词为一般现在时，故从句也是叙述现在的情况，空格处应用一般现在时is。答案：is3(2021福州四校联考)It always _(lift)my spirits，but now I know that its because it is an act of gratitude to the musicians and the music.解析：考查动词的时态。由
18、but可知，此处是对一般情况的叙述，空处应用一般现在时，故填lifts。答案：lifts4(2021郑州第一次质量预测)Anyway，after we left Barcelona，we come to spend several days in Granada.解析：考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故把come改为came。答案：comecame5(2021贵阳高三适应性考试)Louvre dated back to the 12th century，which used to be a royal palace.解析：考查动词的时态。date back to“追溯至
19、”，常用一般现在时，故把dated改为dates。答案：dateddates(一)现在进行时1谓语动词的构成：doing2基本用法(1)表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语now，at the moment，at present等连用。He is watching a football match on TV at home now.他现在正在家里在电视上看足球赛。(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come，go，leave，get，start，open，arrive，begin，return等常用现在进行时表将来。I am leaving for Shanghai to
20、attend an important international meeting.我要出发去上海参加一个重要的国际会议。(3)现在进行时态与频率副词always，constantly连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。You are always forgetting the important thing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)(二)过去进行时1谓语动词的构成：doing2基本用法(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground
21、 at 3：00 pm yesterday.昨天下午3点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house.当盗贼闯入她家时她正在看电视。(3)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取
22、消了。(三)将来进行时1谓语动词的构成：will be doing2基本用法表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。This time next week Ill be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine.下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。(单句语法填空)1(2017天津卷单项填空)I_(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.解析：此处是be doing.when.结构，意为“正在做，这时(突然)”。由从句的谓语动词
23、found可知，主句应用过去进行时。答案：was driving2I _(write)to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.解析：此句是书信的开头语，强调现在正在写信，故用现在进行时。答案：am writing3Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she_(teach)a class at that time.解析：句中的时间状语at that time 代指at 3 oclock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做
24、某事，故用将来进行时。答案：will be teaching(一)现在完成时1谓语动词的构成：done2基本用法(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already，so far，never，just，before，recently，for a long time，in the past/last few years等。Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.在过去的10年中我们的城市发生了很大变化。(2)表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动
25、作或状态，常与“since时间点”或“for时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。He moved here in 2016 and he has lived here ever since.他2016年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。3现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。Please return the book to me when you have finished it.当你读完这本书请归还给我。(1)注意牢记以下固定句型：It is/has been时间段since.表示“自从以来已经”。It is/has been ten years since I
26、graduated from the university.我大学毕业已十年了。This/It/That is the first/second/third.time that.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次游览这座城市。This isthe形容词最高级名词that.结构，that从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(2)注意避免思维定式：一看到for时
27、间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。 Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.杨振宁在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。Dashan has lived in China for many years.大山在中国住了许多年。(二)过去完成时1谓语动词的构成：haddone2基本用法(1)表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by.，until.，when.，befo
28、re.等。When he was in Beijing，he visited places where he had played as a child.他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had already graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。(2)表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。We had expected t
29、hat you would be able to win the match.我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。(3)表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。He remembered that he had left the key at home.他记得他把钥匙落家了。(4)过去完成时的常用句型It was the first/second.time that.has done.这是第一/第二次It was the third time that the boy had been late.这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。had hardly.when刚就；had no so
30、oner.than一就。I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。(三)现在完成进行时1谓语动词的构成：beendoing2基本用法(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一
31、直在反复进行的动作。I have been calling him many times this morning，but theres no answer.今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话，但是没人接。(单句语法填空)1(2021沈阳监测)Besides highspeed rail，China _(improve)peoples lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。over the last decade表示“在过去的十年中”，常和现在完成时连用，主语是China，故填has imp
32、roved。答案：has improved2(2021临川一中等九校联考)With the passing of 2020 and Spring Festival，we _(start)a new important year already.解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境和空后的already可知，此空应用现在完成时。故填have started。答案：have started3(2021广东五校协作体一次联考，67)The museum _(become)a hit since it opened at the end of October.解析：句意为：自从10月底开业，该博物馆便很受欢
33、迎。根据时间状语since.可推知设空处需用现在完成时，故填has become。 答案：has become4(2021沈阳监测一)This was the first time I _(experience)sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again.解析：考查动词的时态。根据“This was the first time”可知，从句用过去完成时。答案：had experienced5(2021泰安检测)Mr White_(teach)in our school for nearly forty years before he r
34、etired last month.解析：根据for nearly forty years可知用完成时，由时间状语从句before he retired last month可知用过去完成时。答案：had taught6(2021合肥市第一次质量检测)Since Zhangjiajie _(improve)its transportation and service for long，the city now can receive 36，200 tourists per day.解析：考查时态。根据时间状语for long可知，此处应用现在完成进行时表示过去开始的动作持续到现在并将继续下去。
35、答案：has been improving(一)一般将来时1表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态常用以下四种结构(1)will/shall动词原形(2)be going to动词原形(3)be to动词原形 (4)be about to do sth.2基本用法(1)will/shall do sth.表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。He will graduate from Beijing University next year.明年，他将毕业于北京大学。(2)be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。Look at the cloud.It
36、 is going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(3)be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.当我们去图书馆时，我们要遵守这些规章制度。(4)be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。The train is about to leave.火车即将开出。(二)过去完成时1谓语动词的构成：2基本用法过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过
37、去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。The shops would soon close，and all the people would go home.这个商店不久将关闭，所有的人将回家。(单句语法填空)1If you are able to come with us，please let us know and we _(wait)for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.解析：根据if从句用的是一般现在时表示将来，可知主句用will动词原形表示一般将来时。答案：will wait2(2021梧州一模)I say to him
38、with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you _(feel)better.”解析：考查动词的时态。祈使句and/or陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。答案：will feel3(2021浙江嘉兴基础测试)They made up their minds that they _(buy)a new house once Larry changed jobs.解析：句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买座新房子。that引导的从句为复合句，其中once引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句用过去将来时。 答案：would buy1被动语态在各种时态中的
39、运用时态被动语态的构成一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时shall/will be done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done将来完成时shall/will have been doneTo my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.使我高兴的是，我从成百上千申请参加开幕仪式的人
40、员中当选。2不能用被动语态的特殊动词(1)系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。(2)表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易洗。3get构成的表示被动的短语此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt等。We get paid every week.我们按周获得薪酬。4主动形式表示被动意义(1)在need，want，requi
41、re，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。(2)在某些“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。(单句语法填空/单句改错)1(2019全国卷)On
42、 the last day of our weeklong stay，we _(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.解析：考查时态和语态。事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。答案：were invited2(2021安徽安庆二模)Meanwhile，over 250 million rail jo
43、urneys are made across China during the festival.Last year，5.6 million train tickets _(sell)in a single day.解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：去年，560万张火车票在一天之内售完。根据时间状语Last year可知，此处表示发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时，且主语train tickets为复数概念，与sell之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were sold。答案：were sold3(2021成都第二次诊断)Hot pot restaurants can _
44、(find)on pretty much every street in Chengdu，but the quality and taste can vary hugely.解析：考查动词的语态。动词find和句子主语Hot pot restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。答案：be found4(2021广西百色模拟)This will give me a head start on the day.I have also been decided to keep a record of what I do and when I do it.解析：考查动词的语态。句意：这将使我
45、这一天有一个好的开端。我还决定记录下我做了什么和何时做的。主语I和动词decide之间为主动关系，故用主动语态。答案：去掉been5(2021昆明检测)I would thank those who encouraged me to experience this kind of act.All the cards，candies and clothes donated by them.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。donate sth.意为“捐献某物”，分析句子结构可知，该句应用被动语态；讲述发生在过去的事情，故应用一般过去时，所以在donated前加were。答案：在donated前加were