1、Unit 6 Disaster and hope课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点描写人物的紧张与恐惧一、多样表达1nervous adj. 紧张的；情绪不安的2anxiety n. 焦虑3fear n. 害怕， 恐惧4horror n. 恐怖， 恐惧， 惊恐5tonguetied adj. 窘迫无语的；羞窘结舌的6feel like sitting on pins and needles 感觉如坐针毡7quiver with fear 由于恐惧而发抖8with a blank mind 头脑一片空白9have my heart in my mouth 我的心提到嗓子眼儿10scare the
2、pants of me 吓死我了11make my hair stand on end 吓得我毛骨悚然12be scared to death 吓得要死13turn pale (脸色)变得苍白14wait in fear and trembling 胆战心惊地等待15have ants in ones pants 坐立不安二、佳句观摩1As he squeezed my hand tightly I got butterflies in my stomach.他紧紧抓住我的手时，我好紧张。2His blood ran cold when she didnt call.她没有打电话过来，他非常害
3、怕。3When I saw him passing by the teacher, I broke out for a cold sweat for him.当我看到他从老师身边经过时，我真为他捏一把冷汗。4. Frozen with fear, he was too scared to move an inch.他吓得僵住了，寸步难行。5Numb with a blank mind, they couldnt let out a scream anymore with palms sweating.由于头脑一片空白，他们发不出声并且手掌一直出汗。6Last night, I dreamed
4、about being chased by an angry dog.I really had my heart in my mouth.昨晚我梦到被一条疯狗追，吓得我心都提到嗓子眼了。三、佳句仿写1She laughed to hide_her_nervousness. 她笑着掩饰自己的紧张。2I lay there quivering_with_fear我躺在那里害怕得发抖。3The horror movie made_my_hair_stand_on_end那部恐怖电影使我毛骨悚然。4She trembled all over, feeling_like_sitting_on_pins_
5、and_needles她浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。5My heart was_in_my_mouth when I walked into her office. 我走进她的办公室时，紧张得心都提到了嗓子眼儿。.阅读理解A语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自然环保与气候适应气候变化Old Problem, New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions (排放) peak.So e
6、ven if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process.We are theref
7、ore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that：“there_is_noonesize_fits_all_adaptation”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Arou
8、nd the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His notforprofit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries,
9、 schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish pon
10、ds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Wit
11、hout the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphels inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needeDHe directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.His fields of ice supply p
12、erfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water.Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water.Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphels ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them.But he is providing a few years during which the
13、 farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earths reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is
14、heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreaseDThis example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change
15、have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the lifegiving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening ev
16、erywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western VictoriAOver five generations the land has been too wet for cropping.But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops.Farmers in many countries are also adapting like thiseither by growing new pro
17、duce, or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Hum
18、an beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.文章大意：这是一篇科
19、普类文章， 主题是环保与气候， 讲述了世界各地人们为了应对不断变化的气候做出的举措。1The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies _Aadaptation is an everchanging processBthe cost of adaptation varies with timeCglobal warming affects adaptation formsDadaptation to climate change is challenging解析：D推理判断题。画线部分“there is noonesize fits all adaptati
20、on”中“onesize fits all”的字面意思是“一种尺寸适合所有人”， 这显然是不可能的， 对气候的适应也不存在这种情况。这就说明适应气候的变化不是一件容易的事， 所以选D。2What is special with regard to Rezwans project?AThe project receives government support.BDifferent organizations work with each other.CHis organization makes the best of a bad situation.DThe project connects
21、 flooded roads and highways.解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.”以及后面的内容可知Rezwan能在灾难中看到机会， 他的做法的特点就是充分利用糟糕的情形， 故选C。3What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?AStoring ice for future use.BProtecting the glaciers from melting.CChanging t
22、he irrigation time.DPostponing the melting of the glaciers.解析：A细节理解题。根据第四段中“He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation water.”可知the Ice Man的做法是把水引入低洼的盆地， 在那里结成冰储存起来， 春天可以用来灌溉。故选A。4What do we lea
23、rn from the Peru example?AWhite paint is usually safe for buildings.BThe global warming trend cannot be stoppeDCThis country is heating up too quickly.DSunlight reflection may relieve global warming.解析：D根据第六段中“have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectivene
24、ss will restore the lifegiving ice”以及文中“on its list of 100 ideas to save the planet”可知， 秘鲁农民把当地的山峰刷成白色， 希望增加对太阳光的反射， 使温度降低， 从而减少温室效应。所以D项正确。 5.According to the author, polluting industries should _Aadapt to carbon pollutionBplant highly profitable cropsCleave carbon emission aloneDfight against carb
25、on pollution解析：D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.”可知， 一些污染企业辩解说我们在控制二氧化碳的战役中已经输了， 除了适应别无选择， 这是为了继续照常做生意而编造好的无稽之谈。由此可见， 在作者看来， 污染企业应该
26、和二氧化碳污染作斗争。故选D。6Whats the authors preferred solution to global warming?ASetting up a new standarDBReducing carbon emission.CAdapting to climate change.DMonitoring polluting industries.解析：B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon
27、 pollution.”可知作者认为最明智的适应方式是调整我们的能源体系， 使之少排放二氧化碳。故选B。B语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与社会社会交往消防员安慰两岁的孩子Fire Capt.Kevin Lloyd arrived at the scene of a car accident in West Point，Utah，north of Salt Lake City.A pregnant woman and her screaming 2yearold daughter were trapped in the car.While his partner，Allen Hadley，was te
28、nding to the driver，Lloyd couldnt get the frightened girl to calm down.He saw she was holding several bottles of nail polish，and then he had a better ideAHe asked her if she wanted to paint his nails.Soon her eyes lit up.At the same time，Hadley showed up to check on the scene.Lloyd had calmed her do
29、wn and was in the process of getting his fingers painteDThen Hadley just put his hand in there.The girl began to color his nails pink.By this time，she was not only calm，but she was also happy.The girls mother was not injureDShe thanked them for helping her daughter feel better，and they all chuckled，
30、looking at the nails，and took some photos.The firefighters brought the photos back to the headquarters and showed them arounDThe department put them up on the social media，and thousands of people responded，with many thanking the firefighters for going out of their way to calm down a frightened girl.
31、Fire Chief Mark Becraft said he had been surprised at all the attention.He said he was proud of his firefighters，and added that he had known members of the department who had done many things that werent part of the joBAfter the fact，Lloyd and Hadley had a small matter to tend to：the layers of polis
32、h on their nails.They bought a bottle of nail polish remover，and used almost all of it.文章大意：文章讲述了在车祸现场，一个两岁的小女孩由于受到惊吓一直无法镇静下来，消防员为了让她镇静下来，就让她给自己涂指甲，后来他们拍了一些照片；其后，消防部门把当时的照片上传到社交媒体上，数千人给予回应，消防员的这种做法获得了好评。7Why was the 2yearold girl frightened?AShe was caught in an accident.BHer mother was badly injure
33、DCHer nails were hurt by the bottles.DShe was afraid of seeing firefighters.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“a car accident”以及第二句中的“A pregnant woman and her screaming 2yearold daughter were trapped in the car.”可知，小女孩之所以害怕是因为她遇到了车祸。故选A。8Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “chuckled” in Paragr
34、aph 4?ASigheD BShouteDCLaugheD DHuggeD解析：C考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“color his nails pink”“she was also happy”以及画线词所在句中的“She thanked them for helping her daughter feel better”和“looking at the nails”可推知，那位母亲感谢消防员安慰自己的女儿；看着被涂了指甲油的指甲，他们都笑了。故选C。9Which of the following can best describe the two firefighters?AKnowled
35、geable. BCaring.CHumorous. DCourageous.解析：B考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句“By this time，she was not only calm，but she was also happy.”以及第五段第二句中的“thousands of people responded，with many thanking the firefighters for going out of their way to calm down a frightened girl”可知，消防员通过让小女孩给自己涂指甲不仅使她镇静了下来，而且使小女孩很开心；在社交媒体上，很
36、多人感谢消防员们设法安慰那个受了惊吓的小女孩。由此可推知，这两个消防员是关心他人的。故选B。10What is the purpose of the text?ATo ask us to learn to calm down in times of danger.BTo speak highly of the warmhearted firefighters.CTo introduce the little girl who likes painting nails.DTo praise the two firefighters who learn to decorate nails.解析：B
37、考查写作意图。文章讲述了两位消防员为了使一个两岁的受了惊吓的小女孩镇静下来，就让她给自己涂指甲油，这一做法在社交媒体上广受好评；这本来是他们的分外之事，但是他们却想方设法来帮助他人。由此可推知，本文的目的是称赞热心肠的消防员。故选B。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然人与野生生物人类要学会跟城市内的野生生物分享空间Urban WildlifeCities are diverse ecosystems.In addition to visitors from the wild，a large number of species share our urban areas.As our cit
38、ies spread，we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.Cities are built for humans.1._For example，most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful.But when we cut grass or plant flowers，we destroy natural habitats.2_When a bridge in
39、Austin，Texas was repaired，engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom.This made a good home for bats，and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats.3._Now，they have come to value their winged(有翼的)neighbors.The bats are a tourist attraction，and they eat lots of bugs every
40、 night.There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city.The Olympic Forest Park is a good example.The park used native plants and created open，natural space for wildlife.The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds.In many ways，the park is the opposit
41、e of a zoo.4._If we learn to share our space，we can become better neighbors to the wildlife around us.5._Our own future will be endangered too.AThey are built to protect birds.BOur actions sometimes help other species.CIf we do not，more species will become extinct.DThey do not always provide suitabl
42、e habitats for wildlife.EInstead of being kept in cages，wildlife can move freely.FAt first，people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.GThey would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.文章大意：城市是多样化的生态系统，我们需要考虑其他物种与我们为邻的情况。如果我们学会分享我们的空间，我们就能成为周围野生生物更好的邻居。如果我们不这样做，我们自己
43、的未来也将受到威胁。1解析：D根据空前一句及空后所举的例子，尤其是最后一句“但当我们割草或种花时，我们破坏了自然栖息地”可知，选项D符合语境。2解析：B根据空后所举的例子，尤其是“这为蝙蝠提供了一个很好的家园，很快这座桥就成了成千上万只蝙蝠的家园”可知，选项B符合语境。3解析：F根据空后一句中的时间标志词“Now”可知，空处所填句子应与下文内容形成对比，故选F。4解析：E根据本段的内容尤其是空前的“The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds.In many ways，the park is the opposit
44、e of a zoo.”可知，空处内容应与空前一句为话题一致、内容上承接的关系，故选E。5解析：C空前一句表述人类与野生生物共享城市空间的好处，空后一句与空前一句形成对比，再结合空后一句中的“too”可知，选项C符合语境。.语法填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我个人经历放弃是为了美好的将来(2021广东省调研考试)About six years ago I began my job as an IT consultant(顾问).I had always been quite good with computers.It was a great move for me, as I quickl
45、y learned a ton.Every day was fun.It was one of the best and most challenging jobs 1._ I had ever haDWhen 2._ (think) of a few years ahead, I realized that things started to taper(逐渐变窄).I wasnt learning as much as before.I felt a desire to try something different.But I couldnt get the courage to mak
46、e any moves.I 3._ (pay) very well; I had a lot of freedom, and great benefits.I had grown comfortable and I had been 4._ (accustom) to an easy life.Last year things came to a head(达到紧急关头).I was having a 5._ (particular) stressful month, 6._ (overload) with work that was neither challenging nor inter
47、esting.I had enough.I 7._ (reach) out to my boss and let him know about my ideAWe had a meeting about my personal 8._ (decide).He didnt want to lose me.He addressed my concerns and we agreed that I could change my job and begin working on some new internal (内部的) organizational systems.I decided to g
48、ive this new role a chance.Now, a year after my role changed, not much is different.Senior staff did not adopt 9._ new systems I built.The work is still uninspiring and unchallenging.Change can be very difficult for some and after spending time trying to carry out new solutions, Ive realized that yo
49、u simply cant change other people if they dont want it.Ive again quit my joBI need a greater challenge.Ive learned a lot 10._my quitting experience.文章大意：本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的经历说明了放弃是为了美好的将来。1解析：that考查定语从句。句意：这是我做过的最好、最具挑战性的工作之一。“_ I had ever had”是定语从句，先行词jobs被最高级修饰，连接词只能用that，故填that。2解析：thinking考查现在分词。句意：当
50、我想到未来几年，我意识到事情开始减少。前半句没有主语，前后句无连接词，所以此处think是非谓语动词，think的逻辑主语是“I”，两者之间是主动关系，故用现在分词表示主动。故填thinking。3解析：was paid考查时态和语态。句意：我的薪水很高，我得到了很多自由，也得到了很多好处。根据后面的had，可知这里用一般过去时态。本句的主语是I，谓语动词是pay，主谓之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was paid。4解析：accustomed考查形容词。句意：我过得很舒服，习惯了安逸的生活。be accustomed to表示“习惯于”，此处填形容词做表语。故填accust
51、omed。5解析：particularly考查副词。句意：这个月我压力特别大，超负荷的工作既无挑战性也无趣。此处用副词修饰形容词stressful。故填particularly。6解析：overloaded考查过去分词。句意：这个月我压力特别大，超负荷的工作既无挑战性也无趣。此处两句中无连词连接，所以overload是非谓语动词，overload和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动，be overloaded with work表示工作过重，故填overloaded。7解析：reached考查时态。句意：我联系了我的老板，让他知道了我的想法。根据前文的Last year，可知这里在描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故填reached。8解析：decision考查名词。句意：我们就我个人的决定开了个会。空前是形容词personal，此处需要填名词，前文出现了my idea，所以是我的一个决定，需要用单数形式。故填decision。9解析：the考查冠词。句意：高级职员没有采用我建立的新系统。根据I built可知这里是特指我建立的系统，所以用定冠词the。故填the。10解析：from考查介词。句意：我从辞职的经历中学到了很多。learn sth.from表示“从学习”，是固定搭配。故填from。