1、Unit 15Learning知识清单重点单词1._ n. 改正；改进_ vt. & vi. 改正2._ adj. 简单的_ vt. 简化3._vt. 理解_ vt. 误解_ n. 误会4._ vt. 教导；指导_n. 教导；指导_adj. 有教育意义的 5._n. 作业；任务_vt. 分配；指派6._n. 惩罚_ vt. 惩罚7._vt. 保卫；保护_ n. 保卫8._ vt. 假设；假定_n. 假设；假定9._ vt. & vi. 批准；同意_n. 批准；同意10._n. 欣赏；感激_ vt. 欣赏；感激重点短语1._ _ 裁员；解雇2._ _ _ _ _ 怀疑某人做某事 3._ _ 除之
2、外4._ _ _ _ 沉溺于某事5._ _ _ _ 在某种程度上6._ _ 出发；引发7._ _ _ _ / _ _ 习惯于 8._ _ 赞同；同意9._ _ _ 总的来说10._ _ 经常做；倾向于11._ _ 发呆；默然12._ _ _ _ 撞见某人做某事重点句式1.be about to do.句型2.as if引导的表语从句和状语从句3.not only.but also. 的用法核心语法虚拟语气在条件句的运用自我校对重点单词：1correction；correct2.simple; simplify3.understand; misunderstand; misunderstandi
3、ng4.instruct; instruction; instructive5assignment; assign6.punishment; punish7.defend; defence8.assume; assumption9.approve; approval10.appreciation; appreciate重点短语：1lay off2.suspect sb of sth3.aside from4.be buried in sth5.to a certain extent6.set off7.be accustomed; used to sth / doing sth8.approv
4、e of9.as a whole10.tend to11.go blank12.catch sb doing sth重点词汇探究1instruct vt. 命令；指导；通知；教导instruct sb to do sth指导/命令/通知某人做某事instruct a class in history给学生上历史课instruct sb in English教某人英语instruction n. 用法说明；操作指南(常用作复数)1)Ill _ my secretary to send an invitation to you right away. 我让我的秘书马上给你们发一个邀请函。2)I w
5、ill _ him whether to come today or tomorrow. 我将通知他是今天来还是明天来。【答案】1)instruct2)instruct(1)单项填空In October, the price of the _ to Mount Tai has risen by 50 yuan.ApermissionBadmissionCpromise Dinstruction【答案与解析】Bpermission“允许”；admission“入场费”；promise“答应”；instruction“指导”。此处指“入场费”，故选B项。(2)名校押题(2010福建泉州高三抽测)D
6、o read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the proper amount of medicine every time.Aexplanations BinstructionsCdescriptions Dintroductions【答案与解析】Bread the instructions on the bottle carefully “认真阅读瓶子上的说明”。explanation “解释”； description “描述”； introduction “介绍”。2. reflect vi. 思考 vt. 映射；反射；思考reflect
7、.in. 在里映射；通过来表达 / 表明reflect sth from sth 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)reflect in. 倒映在；在中看到reflect on / upon sth 认真思考某事reflection n. 反映；反射reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的1)He looked at his face _ in the mirror. 他照镜子看看脸。2)The moon shines with _ light. 月球是反射阳光而发光的。3)How distant those times seemed now, he _. 他在想那些日子现在已显得多么遥
8、远。4)That choice _ your good taste. 那选择反映了你的品味高雅。【答案】1)reflected2)reflected3)reflected4)reflects(1)用reflect的适当形式填空1)Does this letter _ how you really think? 2)These excellent results _ great credit on all our staff.3)She sat _ _ how much it had changed since hed bought the farm.4)He _ that he had no
9、right to do this.【答案】1)reflect2)reflect3)reflecting on4)reflected(2)名校押题(2011宁夏固原毕业班质检)Seans strong love for his hometown is _ in his recently published poems.Areplied BreflectedCresponded Drecovered【答案与解析】Breply“回答；答复”，为不及物动词；reflect“反映”；respond“回应”；recover“恢复；收回”。 题意：肖恩对祖国强烈的爱在他最近发表的诗歌中反映出来了。3sele
10、ct vt. 选择；挑选；选拔selection n. 选择；挑选selective adj. 选择性的；有选择的1)I will _ a Christmas present for my son. 我要给儿子挑一份圣诞礼物。2)Simon has been _ to represent us at the conference in Paris. 西蒙已被推选出来代表我们出席在巴黎的会议。3)We must _ from among the good cadres. 我们必须从好干部中挑选。【答案】1)select2)selected3)selectchoose, select和pick o
11、ut三者都有“挑选”的意思。choose 通常指在所提供的对象中，凭借个人的判断进行选择。select 指有目的地仔细认真地选择， 有“精选”的含义。pick out 比较通俗， 常指按照个人喜好或意愿进行挑选，或指“分辨；辨认出”。 (1)用choose, select 和 pick out 填空1)_ the best answer. 选择最佳答案。2)He looked through the suits and _ the cheapest one for me. 他在那些衣服里找了一阵， 挑了一套最便宜的给我。 3)It was easy to _ _ Bobs father.鲍勃的
12、父亲很容易被认出来。【答案】1)Choose2)selected3)pick out(2)名校押题1)(2011 海南海口高三适应性测试)There are eight pairs _， but Im at a loss which to purchase.Ato be chosen Bto choose fromCto choose Dfor choosing【答案与解析】Bchoose from “从中选择”，这里应当用不定式作定语，故选B项。题意：共有八双可供选择，但我不知该买哪一双。2)(2011 安徽铜陵高三模拟)It was so dark at the theatre that
13、I could hardly _ my friend.Aturn out Bgive out Ccall out Dpick out【答案与解析】D考查动词短语。 turn out “生产出；结果是”； give out “放出；发出；用完；用尽”； call out “召唤出动”； pick out “挑选出；辨认出”。 题意：电影院里很黑，我几乎不能辨认出我的朋友。4lack v&n. 缺乏；缺少；不足lack (for) sth 缺少某物be lacking (in) sth缺少某物for / by / from / through lack of 因缺乏；因没有have no lack
14、 of不缺乏1)I cannot buy the bike because of my _ _ money. 我因为缺钱而买不起那辆自行车。2)A _ _ food caused her to grow weak. 缺少食物导致她身体虚弱。3)We still _ the necessary information. 我们仍缺少必要的信息。4)The child seems to be _ in intelligence. 这孩子似乎缺乏智慧。【答案】1)lack of2)lack of3)lack4)lacking(1)单项填空He says that my new car is a _ o
15、f money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?Alack BloadCquestion Dwaste【答案与解析】D根据语境可知他说“我”的新车浪费钱。a waste of money “浪费钱”。(2)名校押题(2011安徽巢湖高三期末教学质检)Though _ money, all his family members managed to send him to university.Alacked Blacking ofClacking Dlacked in【答案与解析】Clack在此作及物动词，意为“缺乏；缺少”。其逻
16、辑主语是“all his family members”，因而用ving主动形式。5worthwhile adj. 值得的worthwhile可用作定语，也可用作表语。用作表语时，其后可接动词不定式，也可后接ving。1)We decided to give the money to a _ cause ( one that helps people)我们决定将钱用于对人民有益的事业上。2)It is _ _ _ / _ abroad because you will make more money.去国外是值得的，因为你将会赚更多的钱。【答案】1)worthwhile2)worthwhile
17、 to go / goingworth, worthy和worthwhile这三个词都有“值得”的意思，但用法或搭配不同。worth后通常接名词(多数为钱数或价值相当的比喻性名词)。其后还可接ving的主动形式，表示被动含义(一般不接不定式)。如果表示“很值得”的意思时，要用be well worth。worthy后可接of n. / being done 或接 to be done，其后还可接不定式。worthwhile既可作表语，又可作定语。常用于句型it is worthwhile.中，其后跟动名词短语或不定式短语均可(动名词短语或不定式短语是句子的真正主语)。(1)单项填空What d
18、o you think of the science fiction?Oh, excellent. Its worth _ many times.Ato read Bto be readCreading Dbeing read【答案与解析】Cbe worth doing “值得做”，这里用主动表被动。(2)名校押题(2011江苏盐城高三二模)It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.Aworth BworthyCworthwhile Dvaluable【答案与解析】C根据题意可知，此句只适合用词组be worthwhile to d
19、o sth，因此选C项。be worthwhile 后也可接ving。6acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到常指通过努力获得知识、技能、声誉等。1)The collector has _ a fine collection of impressionistspaintings.这位收藏家收集了大量印象派画家的画。2)How did he _ his wealth？他的财富是怎样得来的？3)Through reading one can _ knowledge.人们可以通过读书来获得知识。【答案】1)acquired2)acquire3)acquire(1)翻译句子他因发明了电视机而享有国际
20、声誉。_【答案】He acquired on international reputation for invention of television.(2)名校押题(2011山东师大附中一模)In order to _ a good knowledge of German, she quitted her job and went to study in a German school.ArequireBinquireCacquireDrequest【答案与解析】C考查动词词义辨析。require “需要；要求”； inquire “询问；查询”； acquire “获得；学到”； requ
21、est “请求；邀请；要求”。7ignore vt. 不顾；不理；忽视ignorant adj.无知的；没知识的；未受教育的be ignorant of sth 不知道某事ignorance n. 无知show ignorance of sth对某事全然无知from / out of / through ignorance出于无知1)On no account _ _ _ the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。2)She didnt see me wave or she deliberately _ me.要么她没看见我招手，要么就是故意不理我。3)_ _
22、 / _ this would be a mistake.忽视这点是错误的。【答案】1)can we ignore2)ignored3)To ignore；Ignoring(1)单项填空Safety regulations are being _ by company managers in the drive to increase profits.Aleft Bthrown Cignored Demphasized【答案与解析】C考查动词词义辨析。leave“离开；丢下”；throw“扔掉”；ignore“忽视；不顾”；emphasize“强调”。题意为“受增长收益的驱使，安全措施被公司经
23、理忽视了”。结合题意可知C项为正确答案。(2)名校押题(2010 山东聊城高三模拟)My children are always arguing._AJust ignore them. BThats right.CYoure welcome.DHow old is the boy?【答案与解析】A考查交际用语。 just ignore them“别理他们”，符合题意。urge (sb) on sth鼓励(某人)做某事；激励；为(某人)加油urge sb to do / into doing sth 敦促/怂恿/强烈要求/力劝某人做某事 urge against sth 极力反对某事urge f
24、or sth 极力主张某事urge that从句(that从句用虚拟语气，谓语部分用should动词原形，其中should 可以省略)urgent adj. 紧迫的；紧急的；非常重要的；急需的urgency n紧迫之事1)What can we do to _ these lazy workers to work hard? 我们怎样才能敦促这些懒惰的工人去努力工作呢？2)The dogs are _ _ fighting more fiercely by loud shouts from the crowd. 人群里发出的高声叫喊使这些狗咬斗得更凶了。3)They _ us _ _ at o
25、nce. 他们催促我们马上去。8urge vt.&vi.力劝；敦促；鼓励；极力主张4)The senator _ _ the adoption of the measure. 那位参议员极力反对采取这项措施。5)The citizens _ _ the construction of a new hospital. 市民们强烈要求建一个新医院。6)My friends urged that I _ for the job. 朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。【答案】1)urge2)urged into3)urged；to go4)urged against5)urged for6)(should) a
26、pply(1)用urge, urgent 或 urgency 填空1)We _ the school team on with loud cheers. 我们大声助威，激励校队拼搏。2)Many people are in _ need of food and water. 许多人急需食物和水。3)She was _ in her demands. 她的要求很急切。4)It now is a matter of _ that aid reaches the famine area. 现在最紧迫的事情是把救援物资运抵饥荒地区。【答案】1)urged2)urgent3)urgent4)urgenc
27、y(2)名校押题(2010山东威海模拟)The villagers have been cut off by floods from the outside world for a week and they are now in _ need of food.Aanxious Burgent Cpassive Dformal【答案与解析】Bin urgent need of “急需”。9assume vt. 假设；假定；主观认为；装出样子；承担assume sb / sth to be假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that.被认为assumed adj. 假装的；假的；假
28、定的；设想的 an assumed result 假定的结果assumption n. 假定；假设make an assumption认为；假定on the assumption that假定assuming adj.自负的；傲慢的；过分自信的conj.假如 (后跟从句)assuming that. 假设/假定1)I made a mistake and I will _ _ _ it.我错了，我愿为此承担责任。2)I _ _ you can speak French fluently.我以为你能讲流利的法语。3)_ _ _ _ _， what should we do now？假定这是真的，
29、我们现在该怎么办？4)_ _ _ _ _ stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。【答案】1)assume responsibility for2)assumed that3)Assuming it to be true4)It is generally assumed thatassume, guess和imagineassume“假设；设想；认为”，指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。guess“猜测；猜想”，最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。imagine“想象”，
30、指毫无根据、随意想象，可在脑海中构成清晰明确的图像。 (1)完成句子1)_ _ _ _ _(假定计划失败了), what should we do now?2)_ _ _(我们假定) for a moment that the plan succeeds.3)His actions were based on _ _ _(一个错误的设想)4)We _ _ _ _ _(假定他是) innocent until he is proved guilty.【答案】1)Assuming that the plan fails2)Let us assume3)a false assumption4)mus
31、t assume him to be(2)名校押题1)(2010东北三校高三联合模拟)_ it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?AAssuming BTo assume CTo be assumed DAssume【答案与解析】A考查连词。分析句子可看出本句缺少连词，assuming conj.“假如 (后跟从句)”。题意：假定明天下雨，我们该怎么办？adapt oneself to. 使自己适应或习惯于adapt to适应adapt .for . 使适应；使适合(新用途、新情况)adapt.from. 根据改写/改编adaptable adj. 能适应的；有
32、适应能力的；可改编的adaption adaptation n. 适应；改编本；改写本adapter / adaptor n. 改编者1)Can you _ _ _ the new job？你能适应这份新工作吗？2)Youd better _ _ the new environment as soon as possible.你最好尽快适应这个新环境。3)The play _ _ _ a novel.这部电视剧是由一部小说改编而成的。4)The makers _ _ _ _ _ _the Russian original.影片制作人为了孩子们将这本俄文原著改编成了卡通电影。【答案】1)adap
33、t yourself to2)adapt to3)is adapted from4)adapted the cartoon film for children fromadapt, adjust, fit, suit, match和adoptadapt 指修改或改变以适应新条件。adjust 多指 “调整；调节”使之适应。fit 多指“大小形状适合”，引申为“吻合”suit 多指合乎要求，(口味、性格、情况颜色、衣着、发型、气候、条件、时间、地位)适合某人。match 指色调、形状、性质，设计等相配或搭配协调。adopt 指“采用；采取；收养；正式通过”。(1)用adapt, adjust,
34、fit, suit, match和adopt的适当形式填空1)When you go to a new country, you must _ yourself to new customs.2)Having no children of their own, they decided to _ an orphan.3)You cant see through the telescope until it is _ to your eyes. 4)The shoes _ her very well.5)A red jacket doesnt _ green trousers.6)No dish
35、 _ all tastes.【答案】1)adapt2)adopt3)adjusted4)fit5)match6)suits(2)名校押题(2010兰州一中高三诊断)It is not socially _ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.Aaccessible BadorableCadaptable Dacceptable【答案与解析】Daccessible“可进入的”；adorable“值得崇拜的”；adaptable“能适应的”； acceptable“可接受的”。由题意可知D项正确。11suspect vt. 怀疑
36、n. 嫌疑犯adj. 不可信的；靠不住的suspect sth 怀疑某事suspect that从句 怀疑 suspect (sb / sth) as / to be 怀疑(某人/某物)为suspect sb of sth 怀疑某人做某事I suspect not / so 我想不会/会的1)We all _ the truth _ the report. 我们都怀疑报告的真实性。2)We had no reason to _ he might try to kill himself. 我们没有理由认为他会自杀。3)What she said sounded convincing, but I
37、 _ _ to be a lie. 她的话听起来像那么回事，但我认为那是谎言。4)The police _ him _ having taken the money. 警察怀疑钱是他偷的。5)Two _ in connection with the case are now being interrogated. 与案件有关的两名嫌疑犯正在接受审讯。6)His reason for being absent is _. 他缺席的理由不足为信。【答案】1)suspect；of2)suspect (that)3)suspected it4)suspected；of5)suspects6)suspe
38、ct(1)单项填空A young woman was found dead in her apartment and the police _ that it was a murder.Acharged BdoubtedCsuspected Dinformed【答案与解析】Csuspect 指拥有证据的“怀疑”。(2)名校押题(2010浙江绍兴高三统考)The man _ of setting fire to a hotel was caught by the police.Abeing suspected BsuspectingCsuspected Dto be suspected【答案与解
39、析】C此句中“suspected of setting fire to a hotel”为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句“who was suspected of setting fire to a hotel”。重点短语探究1frankly speaking 坦率地说frankly speaking “坦率地说”，相当于 to be frank with you，通常置于句首作状语。generally speaking总的说来；一般说来strictly speaking 严格地讲honestly speaking 老实说；诚实说broadly speaking 广义说来_ _， to
40、 watch Chinese play table tennis is really thrilling. 坦率地说吧，看中国人打乒乓球真是让人激动。【答案】Frankly speaking(1)完成句子1)_ _， we feel that the plan is practical.总的说来，我们认为这计划是切实可行的。2)Every dictionary is, _ _， out of date within a month of its publication. 严格地讲，每一本字典，在它出版后的一个月就过时了。【答案】1)Generally speaking2)strictly sp
41、eaking(2)名校押题(2010 安徽巢湖高三质量抽测)_， the more expensive the electrical appliances, the better their quality.AGeneral speaking BSpeaking generalCGenerally speaking DSpeaking generally【答案与解析】Cgenerally speaking “一般说来”，为固定短语。 题意：一般说来，电器的价格越高，质量就越好。2. lay off 停止；中止；解雇；解聘；裁员；使下岗lay down 放下lay down ones life
42、for ones country 为国捐躯lay the table 摆桌子(准备开饭) lay the blame on 责备；责怪lay stress / emphasis on 强调1)You had better _ _ alcohol for a while. 你最好在一段时间内不要饮酒。2)Why dont you _ _ smoking for a while until your cough gets better? 你为什么不等你的咳嗽好一些后再抽烟？3)The doctor told me to _ _ for a week. 医生要我休息一个星期。4)The factor
43、y has _ _ workers because of the drop in sales. 那家工厂由于销量下降而暂时解雇了工人。【答案】1)lay off2)lay off3)lay off4)laid off(1)翻译句子摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗？_【答案】Will you please lay the table for dinner?(2)名校押题(2011南京一模)Despite the economic crisis, many companies promised not to _ their workers.Abreak off Bput off Cset off Dlay o
44、ff 【答案与解析】D考查动词短语辨析。 break off “折断”； put off “推迟”； set off “出发”； lay off “解雇”。 题意：尽管发生了经济危机，但许多公司许诺不解雇工人。 3. apart from 除之外；此外 apart from aside from 除之外；此外(相当于besides / except)1)_ _ their house in London，they also have a villa in Spain. 他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外，在西班牙还有一栋别墅。2)It was a difficult time._ _ everythi
45、ng else, we had financial problems. 当时是困难时期，别的一切都不说，我们财政上也有问题。【答案】1)Apart from2)Apart from(1)完成句子_ _ the cost, the dress doesnt suit me. 姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。【答案】Apart from(2)名校押题(2011淄博高三模拟)_ school work, I like to spend my spare time in singing and fishing.AOr else BApart from CBut for DAs well【答案与解析】
46、Bor else “否则”； apart from “除了”； but for “要不是”； as well “也”。题意：除了完成学校功课之外，空闲时我喜欢唱歌和钓鱼。4. to a certain extent 在某种程度上to a certain extent to some extent 在一定程度上；在某种程度上to a great / large extent在很大程度上to the extent of 达到的程度to that extent 达到那样的程度To a large extent, the price depends on how large your order is
47、. 在很大程度上，价格取决于您的订单量。Violence increased to the extent that people were afraid to leave their homes. 暴力事件多到了令人们不敢出门的程度。_ _ _ _， to raise wages means increasing purchasing power. 在一定程度上，提高工资意味着增强购买力。【答案】To a certain extent(1)完成句子I agree with you _ _ _ _， but we should know others views. 我在一定程度上同意你的意见，但
48、我们也应当了解别人的观点。【答案】to a certain extent(2)名校押题(2011徐州四校联考)Whats your opinion on the popular song?_， it sounds sweet.AIn other words BDont mention itCIt all depends DTo a certain extent【答案与解析】D题意：在某种程度上，这首歌听起来很甜美。 to a certain extent “在一定程度上”，符合题意。5. set off 出发；引起；激发set off 用作不及物动词短语时，意为“开始旅行；出发”，相当于set
49、 out。另外，还可以用作及物动词短语，意为“引爆；引起；激发”。1)She _ _ on a trip across Europe yesterday. 她昨天开始了横跨欧洲的旅行。2)The bomb could be _ _ at any time. 炸弹随时都可能被引爆。【答案】1)set off2)set off(1)完成句子Panic on the stock market _ _ a wave of selling. 股票市场上人心惶惶，掀起抛售浪潮。【答案】see off(2)名校押题(2011泉州高考)Do be careful; the slightest spark co
50、uld_those fireworks.Agave off Bturned downCtook over Dset off【答案与解析】Dgive off “发出”； turn down “拒绝”； take over“接管”； set off “引爆”。此处意为“稍有火星就能引起烟火爆炸”。6be accustomed to 习惯于be accustomed to“习惯于”，其中的系动词be也可换成 become或get，后面的to是介词，后接名词、代词或ving作宾语。1)He quickly became _ _ the local food. 他很快就习惯了当地的食物。2)My eye
51、s slowly grew _ _ the dark. 我的眼睛对黑暗慢慢适应了。3)Im _ _ _ up early to do morning exercise. 我习惯了早起进行晨练。【答案】1)accustomed to2)accustomed to3)accustomed to getting(1)完成句子Im not _ _ _ _ like this.我不太习惯被这样对待。【答案】accustomed to being treated(2)名校押题(2010 江苏南京模拟)They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed _
52、 at meals.Ato talk Bto not talkCto talking Dto not talking【答案与解析】Dbe accustomed to后面通常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。由题意可知此处表示否定的意义，故选D项。7approve of 赞成；同意approval n. 赞成；同意approving adj. 赞成的；同意的1)I quite _ _ your plan. 我相当赞成你的计划。2)I dont _ _ wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。3)I thoroughly _ _ what the government is doing. 我完全赞
53、成政府现在的做法。【答案】1)approve of2)approve of3)approve of(1)单项填空Mr Bally approved_ the conference.Ame to attend Bfor my attendingCof me to attend Dof my attending【答案与解析】Dapprove “批准；认可；通过”； approve of doing sth “赞成做某事”； approve of sb “赞成某人；支持某人”。题意：Bally先生赞成我参加这次大会。(2)名校押题(2010北京海淀区一模)The new policy will_ t
54、he elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.Adiscount BsupportCapprove D benefit【答案与解析】 D考查动词词义辨析。题意：新政策规定65岁以上的老人乘公交车免费，这使得老人们受益匪浅。benefit“使受益；对有用”，合乎题意。on the whole generally by and large“总的看来；基本上”，在句中多用逗号分隔，也可不用逗号，其中 whole 在短语中用作名词。Our opinions are on the whole the same. 我们的
55、观点基本上一致。His business, on the whole, was successful. 他的事业大体上是成功的。 1)The population _ _ _ is getting healthier. 总体看来，居民的健康状况正在改善。2)The population _ _ _ is / are in favor of the reform. 全体人民普遍拥护改革。【答案】1)as a whole2)as a whole8as a whole 作为一个整体；总体上(1)完成句子This project will be of great benefit to the regi
56、on _ _ _. 这个工程将使整个地区受益。【答案】as a whole(2)名校押题(2010 长沙一中高三模拟)There are some spelling mistakes in your composition, but _ your composition is good.Ain the end Bon the wholeCin a word Dfirst of all【答案与解析】Bon the whole “总体上来讲；大体上来说”。9tend to 趋向；照顾；照料tend to 趋向；易于；照顾；护理；招待tendency n. 倾向；趋势 a tendency to f
57、at / towards fatness / to get fat 发胖的趋势1)I _ _ go to bed earlier during the winter. 我在冬天常睡得较早。2)People under stress _ _ express their full range of potential. 处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。3)Women _ _ live longer than men. 女人多比男人长寿。【答案】1)tend to2)tend to3)tend to(1)翻译句子现在年轻人都倾向于模仿明星。_【答案】Nowadays, the young te
58、nd to imitate stars.(2)名校押题(2011 无锡高三模拟)Children _ react against their parents by going against their wishes.Aappeal to Btend toCattend to Dsee to【答案与解析】Bappeal to “有吸引力；呼吁”； tend to “倾向于”； attend to “处理；照顾”； see to “负责；照料”。题意：孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。重点句型探究1. Now I am about to graduate from the School of
59、 Continuing Education at Tsinghua University with a Bachelors Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning. 现在我通过远程教学就要从清华大学继续教育学院毕业了，并将获得该院计算机工程学的学士学位。be about to do. “正要做；就要做”，相当于 be on the point of doing.。常用句型：be about to do.when.正要做这时【仿写】我们正要出去这时候天突然下起雨来。_【答案】We were about to go out when
60、it suddenly rained.1)He _ _ _faint. 他快晕了。2)She _ _ _ _ to bed when someone knocked at the door. 她正要上床睡觉，就在那时有人敲门。【答案】1)is about to2)was about to gobe to do和be about to do这两种结构都可表示尚未发生的动作，但有以下区别： be (am / is / are) to do是将来时的一种表达方式，可以表示：按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远。 The new bridge is to open to traffi
61、c in three days. 新桥三天后通车。The factory is to go into production before National Day. 这家工厂将在国庆节前投产。 She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. 星期一你准会在实验室见到她。表示一种命令、规劝的语气。(接近于should, must, ought to, have to) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the examroom. 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。You are to g
62、o to bed and keep quiet, kids. 孩子们，你们必须睡觉，不准吵闹。You are to stay at home until your mother comes back. 在妈回来之前你不要出去。be about to do“马上做某事”，强调某个动作马上就要发生，侧重时间概念。 I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。(1)翻译句子1)他马上要去北京。 _2)别出去了，我们很快就要吃晚
63、饭了。 _【答案】1)He is about to leave for Beijing.2)Dont go out. Were about to have dinner.(2)名校押题(2011烟台高三第二次月考)In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.Ahave survived Bare to surviveCwould survive Dwill survive【答案与解析】Bbe to do 表将来发生的动作。2. I felt as if I had done something wrong
64、. 我感觉到我好像做了什么错事。as though as if“似乎；好像”，既可以引导方式状语从句，也可引导表语从句。当从句中所表述的与事实相反时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。as though/if后面除了可以跟句子外，还可跟动词不定式、形容词、介词短语、名词和分词等。需要注意的是，这样使用时主句的主语和从句的主语必须一致。【仿写】如果把铅笔的一部分放进一杯水里，它看上去像断了一样。_【答案】If a pencil is partly put into a glass of water it looks as though it were broken.1)She dolled hers
65、elf up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.她打扮得花枝招展，好像是个十八岁的姑娘似的。2)He quickly ran home, looking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 他快步跑回家，看上去好像有什么事不对劲。【答案】1)as though she was / were a girl of eighteen2)as though there was something wrong with him(1)完成句子1)The boy went up to the old man as though _ _ _. 那个孩子向老人走去，好像要向他表示问候。 2)The goat lay
66、 still on the ground，_ _ _. 那只山羊躺在地上不动，就好像死了一样。3)The girls looked about as though _ _ _ something. 那女孩环视四周，好像在寻找什么东西。4)He looked me in the eye, as though _ _ _ me attentively. 他看着我的眼睛，好像在认真听。【答案】1)to greet him2)as though dead3)in search of4)listening to(2)名校押题(2010山西临汾高考模拟)Eliza remembers everything
67、 exactly as if it _ yesterday.Awas happening BhappensChas happened Dhappened【答案与解析】Das if“好像；仿佛”，此处虽有昨天，但并非昨天，所以用过去时。3. To us she is not only a teacher, but also a good friend and a loving elder sister. 对我们而言，她不仅是一个老师，还是一个好朋友和一位亲爱的姐姐。not only.but( also ).“不仅而且”，用来连接并列成分。连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与后面的主语保持一致。
68、引导两个句子时，not only引导的句子要用部分倒装形式，但but also引导的句子必须用正常语序。【仿写】人不仅会犯错误，而且犯错误是人们日常行为的一部分。_【答案】Not only do humans make mistakes, but they make mistakes as part of their everyday behavior.1)_ _ you _ _ I am interested in the language. 不仅你而且我也对这门语言感兴趣。2)She is _ _ good at mathematics, _ she is interested in En
69、glish as well. 她不但擅长数学，而且对英语也感兴趣。3)_ _ _ _ _ English well, but he can write articles in English.他不仅英语说得好，而且能用英语写文章。【答案】1)Not only；but also2)not only；but3)Not only does he speak(1)单项填空Not only _ away from him, but also his German citizenship.Aeverything he had was takenBhad everything he was takenCwa
70、s everything he had takenDeverything had was he taken【答案与解析】Che had是定语从句修饰everything，was taken是谓语，由于not only位于句首，所以was提前。(2)名校押题(2010安徽第四次适应性训练) Not only _ strict with us, but also _ for us.Awas the teacher; did he careBwas the teacher; he caredCthe teacher was; did he careDthe teacher was; he cared
71、【答案与解析】Bnot only.but also连接两个句子时，前面的句子倒装，后面的句子不倒装。高考试题探究1(2010 江苏，22)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _.Aexpectation BreputationCcontribution Dcivilization【答案与解析】B考查名词词义辨析。reputation“名声”；expectation“期望”；contribution“贡
72、献”；civilization“文明”。题意：那位医生擅长医治心脏病，而且从不收任何病人的礼物，所以他有良好的信誉。2(2010 湖北，28)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house _ his personality.Aresembles BStrengthens Creflects Dshapes【答案与解析】C考查动词词义辨析。题意：就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也
73、是如此。要选一个表示“反映”的词，就是reflect。resemble look like“好像”；strengthen“加强；巩固”；shape“塑形”。3(2010 福建，27)More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.Ain search of Bin place ofCfor lack of Dfor fear of【答案与解析】C考查介词短语辨析。题意：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。in search of“寻找”；in place of“代替；替代”；for lac
74、k of“缺乏；短缺”；for fear of“担心；害怕”。C项符合题意。4(2010 湖北，24)Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason and then making the mistake becomes _.Afavourable BpreciousCessential Dworthwhile【答案与解析】D考查形容词词义辨析。worthwhile“值得的；有价值的”，表示犯错误是值得的。favourable“喜爱的；赞同的”，precious“珍贵的”；essential“本质的
75、”。题意：错误不会无缘无故的发生的，他们发生都是有一定的原因的。找出犯错误的原因就会使得错误犯的值得。5(2010 北京，34)The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _.Awouldnt die Bdidnt dieChadnt died Dwouldnt have died【答案与解析】D考查虚拟语气中对与过去事实相反的虚拟。后者说“要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不
76、会死了”。过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为“If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldnt have died”句型为If had done，主句为“couldn / might / wouldn have done”。6(2010 湖南，29)If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.Afollowed Bshould followChad followed Dwould follow【答案与解析】C考查虚拟语气。根据“wouldnt have los
77、t”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。7(2010 陕西，15)If we _ the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad takenCtook Dhave taken【答案与解析】B考查虚拟语气。所填词作虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式“might have arrived”可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had 过去分词形式，选B项。8(2010天津，15)John went to the hospital alone. If h
78、e _ me about it, I would have gone with him.Ashould tell BTells Ctold Dhad told【答案与解析】D考查虚拟语气。题意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had 过去分词。9(2010 浙江，10)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.Awoul
79、d have been savedBhad been savedCwill be savedDwas saved【答案与解析】A考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是“If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _”，故选A项。题意：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。10(2010 全国，6)Is it all right if I keep this photo?_.ANo, you dont BNo, it shouldntCI
80、m afraid not DDont keep it【答案与解析】C考查交际用语。不同意对方的委婉拒绝方式。 模拟试题探究1(2011安徽皖南八校高三摸底联考)One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy _ to places like supermarkets and hospitals.Achance BPossession Caccess Dgain【答案与解析】C考查词语辨析。have access to“可以接近”。题意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很轻易地到达如超市、医院之类的地方
81、。2(2010镇江模拟)Of the 2,000 stock investors _ last month, 90% were found _ financial knowledge.Asurveyed; lackingBhaving been surveyed; to lackCsurveyed; lackedDto have been surveyed; lack【答案与解析】A考查非谓语动词。surveyed last month作后置定语；lacking充当主语补足语，用主动语态则为“find 90% of the 2,000 stock investors lacking finan
82、cial knowledge”。3(2010潍坊模拟)_ on by the crowd, the Italian team scored two more goals.AUrge BTo urge CUrged DUrging【答案与解析】C考查非谓语动词。题意：受到观众的激励，意大利队又进了两球。谓语动词与逻辑主语the Italian team是被动关系，故应用被动形式。4(2011河北唐山一中高三9月调研)Mike, its a pity you didnt come to last nights concert.It was really great!Really? If I _ s
83、o busy, I would have gone with you.Ahadnt been BwerentCshouldnt be Dwouldnt be【答案与解析】A考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。公式为(条件状语从句)if had done，(主句)would / could / might have done。题意：如果我那时不是这么忙，我本可以和你一起去的。5(2010东北三省模拟)For many weeks we had been accustomed _ horses and oxen suffering from heat, thirst and starvation.Ato
84、 see Bseeing Cto seeing Dhaving seen【答案与解析】C考查与动词搭配的介词to的用法。be accustomed to“习惯于”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。6(2011河北唐山一中高三9月调研)You can never be _ when crossing the street.Avery careful Btoo carefulCcarefully enough Denough careful【答案与解析】Bcant be too.to do sth“再也不为过”，这句话中never相当于not, 后面的to do sth也可以省略。题意
85、：当你过马路的时候，怎么小心也不为过。7(2011江西吉安一中高三上学期开学模拟)_ Tom, we wouldnt have been late for the last bus.AIf we didnt wait for BIf we havent waited forCwe hadnt waited for DHad we not waited for【答案与解析】D考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。公式为(条件状语从句)ifhad done，(主句)would / could / might have done，该句型可以把if省略，并把had提到句首。题意：我们要是不等汤姆的话，我们就不
86、会错过最后一班公车。8(2010江西鹰潭一中、新余一中高三1月联考)He didnt go into detail on this subject; he spoke _.Ain common Bin particularCin general Din short【答案与解析】C考查短语辨析。题意：关于这个题材他没有详细展开，他大致的说了一下。in common“共同的；共有的”；in particular“特别地；尤其”；in general“一般地；大体地”；in short“总之”。9(20102011山西省太原五中学年高三第一次月考)Safety regulations are bei
87、ng _ by company managers in the drive to increase profits. Thats why the accident happened.Aleft BthrownCignored Demphasized【答案与解析】C考查动词词义辨析。leave“离开；丢下”；throw“扔掉”；ignore“忽视；不顾”；emphasize“强调”。题意：受增长收益的驱使，安全措施被公司经理忽视了，那正是这次事故发生的原因。结合题意可知C项为正确答案。10(2011江苏无锡高三上期中) Do you mind if I close the window?_. We should let in more fresh air.AYes, go ahead B. Of course notCI would like to close it DId appreciate it if you didnt【答案与解析】D情景对话题。考查委婉拒绝对方的方式。对方问是否介意关上窗户。说话者的回答是“如果你不关的话我很感激，因为我们应该让更多的新鲜空气进来”。故D项为最佳答案。