1、1distant adj.遥远的distance n远处2evolve v进化evolution n进化3suspect v猜想，怀疑suspected adj.被怀疑的4generate v产生，创造generation n产生5nature n自然natural adj. 自然的 n擅长做某事的人naturalist n博物学家Words And Phrases知识要点1distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的；疏远的(教材P50)The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the op
2、portunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。例1The airport was about 20 kilometres distant.机场在大约20公里远的地方。例2Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone.从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。造句这学校距离车站3英里。The school is three miles distant from the station.知识拓展distance n
3、距离；远方at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远in the distance 在远方out of distance from 离太远；达不到keep sb.at a distance 对冷淡；与疏远keep distance from 与保持距离distance oneself from 使远离；使疏远即学即练单句语法填空She was warned to keep her distance(distant) from John if she didnt want to get hurt.The sound of the cheering faded away in the dis
4、tance.Jay had always tended to keep his girlfriends at a distance.知识要点2be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事(教材P50)Whats more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”更有甚者，他最近收到了父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“你和你全家的耻辱”。例He is a disgrace and an embar
5、rassment to this hospital.他是这家医院的耻辱和尴尬。造句你成了你的学校的耻辱，你的家庭的耻辱。You are a disgrace to your school，and to your family.知识拓展(1) disgrace v使丢脸；使蒙受耻辱；使名誉扫 地；使失势；使失去地位(2)in disgrace 很不讨人喜欢即学即练单句语法填空I disgraced myself(me) by drinking far too much.Mum told me Meggie was sent home in disgrace.知识要点3lead to引起，导致；通
6、向(教材P50)Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。例1The laws have lead to a reduction in fuel consumption in the US.这些法律已经使美国燃料消费量有所减少。例2Excuse me，does this road lead to the railway statio
7、n？请问，这条路通向火车站吗？造句他们的分歧导致了街头的暴力活动。Their disagreements lead to violence on the streets.知识拓展lead sb.to do sth.使某人做lead sb.to. 使某人得出lead sb.by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走in the lead 领先，处于首位即学即练单句语法填空What led you to select(select) your major?Im not going to allow anyone to lead me by the nose.They were in the lead
8、.The finish line was close.知识要点4fascinate v使入迷，吸引(教材P50)The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物着迷。例1It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.这是他自幼就着迷的问题。例2Therefore，I do
9、 not have anything with which to fascinate people.因此，我没有什么能使人着迷的东西。造句这一整个流程都让我着迷。The whole process fascinates me.知识拓展fascinating adj.迷人的fascinated adj. 着迷的be fascinated by/with. 被迷住fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力；迷恋即学即练单句语法填空I retreated before her only as quickly as was necessary，fascinated(fascinate)Because
10、of your existence，my life will be more fascinating(fascinate)In those days，she was fascinated by/with past visitors.知识要点5be crowded with.挤满；充满(教材P51)After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.达尔文在南美待了一段时间
11、后，在船上他的房间里塞满了收集的动植物样本。例1The old town square was crowded with people.古老的小镇广场上挤满了人。例2The roads are crowded with vehicles of all kinds.马路上挤满了各种车辆。造句路上挤满了各阶层的人。The roads are all crowded with people of all ranks.知识拓展crowded adj.拥挤的crowd n& v. 人群/拥挤；聚集a crowd of 一群 the crowd 群众；民众crowds of 许多即学即练单句语法填空The
12、re were crowds(crowd) of people at the theatre.This morning，the ground is crowded with white snow.The crowd was/were(be) marching on the street to improve their living conditions.名师点津crowd可用作名词，译作“人群，大众”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词可按单数或复数对待，the crowd“老百姓，大众”。知识要点6exist vi.存在；生存，生活(教材P51)As he studied these，he aske
13、d himself the question: how did different species come to exist?当他研究这些的时候，他问了自己这个问题：不同物种是如何存在的？例1The problem only exists in your head，Jane.这个问题不过是你的想象，简。例2Few of these monkeys still exist in the wild.这些猴子野生的已为数不多了。造句它只存在于他的想象。It exists only in his imagination.知识拓展(1)exist in存在于之中exist onlive on 靠为生T
14、here exist. 有，存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存in existence 存在out of existence 消失come into existence 出现，产生bring into existence 使出现/产生即学即练单句语法填空But，there are some problems existed in its study.It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.New companies come into existence(exist) every year.知识要点7ad
15、apt to 适应，适合(教材P51)Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments?也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？例1I found it not easy to adapt to new life.我发现适应新生活并不容易。例2We must adapt to a changing world.我们必须适应不断变化的世界。造句我们必须通过持续不断的学习来适应新变化。We must adapt to the new changes through our continuous learning.
16、知识拓展adapt.to.使适应或适合adapt.from. 根据改编或改写adapt.for. 改编或改作之用adaptable adj. 能适应的，适应性强的adaptation n. 改编(本)，改造；适应即学即练单句语法填空Its hard to adapt this novel for children.These flowers are well adapted to the harsh winter.He tried to adapt himself(him) to the new life.The author is going to adapt his play for te
17、levision.知识要点8 suspect v怀疑；不信任；猜想(教材P51)Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.达尔文怀疑这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。例1I suspected her motives in offering to help.她主动要帮忙，我怀疑她的动机。例2You dont really think Webb suspec
18、ts you? 你不是真的认为韦布怀疑你吧？造句你为什么凭空怀疑这消息的真实性？Why do you suspect the truth of the information?知识拓展suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人做了某事suspect sb.to be. 疑心某人是suspect that. 疑心即学即练单句语法填空Some people suspected him of theft.The police suspected him of taking(take) a part in the jewel robbery.The doctor suspected
19、that he was ill with flu.知识要点9convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的(教材P51)But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。例1He can come up with a convincing explanation.他能说出个道道来。例2His version of the accident seemed mo
20、st convincing.他对该事件的叙述似乎最令人信服。造句他每句话都在理上，使人听了不能不心服。Everything he says is reasonable and convincing.知识拓展(1)convince vt.使确信；使信服；使相信convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事convince sb.that. 使某人相信convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事(2)convinced adj. 坚信不移的be convinced of sth. 深信某事be convinced that. 深信即学即练单句语法填空How can I co
21、nvince you of her honesty?What convinced you to vote(vote)for them?)I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself，not with me.They were convinced(convince)of the suspects guilt.小片段助记He tried to make me convince him of the explanation.I was convinced of his words because of
22、his convinced expression on his face.Sentence Patterns重点句式so.that.句型(教材P51)But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。句式分析：句中的so.that.表示“如此以至于”，that引导结果状语从句。例1He was so angry that he couldnt say a word
23、.他如此生气以至于说不出话。例2He is so young that she cant look after herself.他太小了，不能照顾自己。造句他学习如此努力，以至于得了一等奖。He works so hard that he got the first prize.知识拓展即学即练单句语法填空There was so much work to do that everybody got bored.There was so little time left that we could hardly finish the work.They are such good childr
24、en that we all love them.When the Beagle reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most.分析本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句，but连接并列句，but后面是一个强调句，强调主语the birds。译文1835年，当贝格尔号到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了许多新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。教材高考1.The captain of the shi
25、p，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”(2019天津卷)To many people，technology means computers，handheld devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets.2.Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most
26、important scientific discoveries of all time.(2019全国卷)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment，high status has just the opposite effect on us.3.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he h
27、ad collected.(2019全国卷) Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？.单句语法填空1Ive had so many falls that I have pains here and there.2The evidence from studies of depression and heart disease is most convincing(convince)3The man s
28、uspected(suspect) of killing JonBenet Ramsey could be transferred to Colorado today.4The play is an adaptation(adapt) of a long novel.5I spotted my friend at once among the crowd.6He was fascinated with her beauty.7They led me to a numinous place that day.8A doctor like him is a disgrace to our hosp
29、ital.9He stopped at safe distance(distant)，and watched him pass by.10Why do I believe in the existence(exist) of atoms?.短语填空adapt to；be a disgrace；suspect.of；in the distance；be crowded with；lead to1I watched him until he disappeared in the distance.2The way he handled the problem was a disgrace to m
30、e.3This in turn leads to decreased support and maintenance costs.4The office was crowded with people complaining about the washing machines.5When he moved to France，the children adapted to the change very well.6She was suspected of having links with a criminal group.课文语法填空Darwin was fascinated 1.by
31、rocks，plants and animals，who began his journey 2.on the Beagle.As he studied the samples which was 3.crowded(crowd) with his room on the ship，he raised the question: how did different species come 4.to exist(exist)？Although people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，Darw
32、in wanted to look for 5.evidence(evident) to prove it was not true.On the Galapagos Islands，he noticed the 6.difference(differ) between the finches，and it seemed their beaks 7.had evolved(evolve)Darwin suspected the finches had evolved from 8.earlier(early) ancestors.9.Eventually(eventual)，he proposed a theory about evolution 10.that living things had evolved from lower forms of life，and published his book，On the Origin of Species.