1、选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(主题语境:人与自然环境保护)核心考点课堂突破1.reservevi.储备;保存;保留;预订n.保护区;储备;保留;储备金;储藏量教材原句Breweries are often built in nature reserves.(P5)啤酒厂通常建在自然保护区中。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空To attend the grand ceremony,youd better make a (reserve) online before Friday.The government is planning to set up more
2、nature (reserve).完成句子大厅前排座位是留给要被授奖的杰出人物的。The seats in the front parts of the hallthe outstanding figures to be awarded.考点必记reserve sth for sb为某人保留/预定某物a nature reserve自然保护区in reserve贮存;备用reservation n.保留;预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation预订(座位、房间等)without reservation毫无保留地写作佳句I recommend him to you without
3、 reservation,as I believe you will appreciate his ability in this field.我毫无保留地向你推荐他,因为我相信,你会赏识他在这一领域的能力。2.trapvt.使困住,诱骗,使陷入困境n.陷阱,圈套教材原句Because of the greenhouse effect,the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.(P5)由于温室效应,困在大气层中的气体使得地球变暖。语境巧练单句语法填空By questioning he trapped the thief mak
4、ing a confession. (trap) in ruins,the little girl still kept calm,wearing a smile and waiting to be rescued.完成句子孙涛困在了一棵果树上,所以许多同学都来帮他。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Sun Taoon a fruit tree,so many of his classmates lent him a hand.考点必记trap sb into doing sth诱骗某人做某事be trapped in被困在set/lay a trap设置陷阱,布下圈套fall/walk into
5、a trap落入圈套/陷阱fall into the trap of doing sth掉进做的陷阱写作佳句Dont fall into the trap of signing something without reading it carefully first.不要没仔细看就签字,小心上当。3.beyondprep.超出adv.在远处教材原句In the last few decades,scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths cl
6、imatesomething previously seen as beyond our control.(P6)最近几十年,科学家们一致认为,人类正在引起地球的气候变化而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。语境巧练单句语法填空A person,when challenged,can often do what is his ability.完成句子然而,超过某一点,进一步的压力将只会导致疲惫、疾病,最终导致崩溃。,though,further stress will only lead to exhaustion,illness and finally a breakdown.小话题写作这样的社会
7、活动给我们带来的益处是我们无法描述的。 (2019北京卷,书面表达)The benefits such social activities bring to us are quite .考点必记beyond control无法控制beyond words/speech难以言表,无法形容beyond compare无与伦比的beyond midnight午夜以后beyond sbs power某人力所不及的beyond ones imagination/description超乎想象/无法描述beyond belief/doubt令人难以置信/毫无疑问beyond repair/reach无法修
8、理/够不着Its beyond me why/what.我无法理解为什么/什么写作佳句How an eight-year-old boy can know anything about that is beyond me.一名八岁的男孩竟然熟知那样的事情是我所不能理解的。4.claimvt.&n.(根据权利)要求,索赔;认领;声称教材原句They claim that in the last 50 years,gases pumped into the Earths atmosphere by the factories and vehicles have been speeding up t
9、he process of global warming and affecting our climate.(P6)他们声称,在过去的五十年间,工厂和汽车排放入大气层中的气体加速了全球变暖的进程,影响了我们的气候。语境巧练单句语法填空Experts in America claimed (develop) the vaccines for the epidemic,which at last proved to have flaws.A letter appeared in TheTimes claiming Fleming the discoverer of penicillin.Chil
10、dren in fact have no claim their parents support for their purchasing a house.完成句子如果货物有损坏,你可以要求退款。You can if the goods are damaged.考点必记claim to do sth声称要做某事claim sth认领某物claim.as.声称是claim back要求收回;索回lay claim to声称对的拥有权have no claim on/to sth没有对要求的权利;无资格得到make a claim for对(赔偿等)提出要求写作佳句Fred claimed to
11、have done the work without help.弗雷德声称未借助外力而完成了这项工作。5.relevantadj.有关的;切题的教材原句.how is it relevant to our lives?(P6)它是怎样和我们的生活息息相关的呢?语境巧练单句语法填空The professor sometimes makes remarks that are not relevant his topic.Be sure to stay on topic and not offer (relevant) information.(2019全国卷,七选五)小话题写作上一封信中,你问过我
12、如何在中国朋友家做客,现在,我写信告诉你一些相关细节。In your last letter,you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friends home.Now,I am writing to .(2018全国卷,书面表达)考点必记relevant information相关信息relevant details相关细节be relevant to和有关(=have sth to do with)relevance n.相关,贴切,关联性relevantly adv.有关地;切题地irrelevant adj.不相关的名师点津表示“与有关
13、”的方式:be connected/concerned/associated withbe linked to/withbe related tobe in relation tobe in connection withbe to do withhave sth to do with6.advocatevt.主张,提倡n.提倡者,倡导者;拥护者教材原句Experts advocate that each person play their part.(P6)专家们倡议每个人都发挥自己的作用。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空At that moment Chinas government adv
14、ocated everyone (wear) their masks while traveling out.Now many people advocate (eat) fruits and vegetables rather than meat.小话题写作上周末我们班长主张我们去农场摘西瓜,这是一次极好的经历。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Last weekend our monitor advocated thaton the farm,which was a fantastic experience.考点必记advocate that.(should)do sth主张/提倡应该做advo
15、cate doing sth提倡做某事an advocate of/for sb/sth支持某人/某事的人advocacy n.拥护写作佳句Some high school teachers strongly advocate the reform of the current educational system to make students develop in an all-round way.一些高中教师强烈主张改革现有的教育体系,以使学生得到全面发展。7.substituten.代替者;代替品,代用品vt.代替,取代教材原句After all,theres no substitu
16、te for our Earth.(P6)毕竟,我们的地球没有替代品。语境巧练单句语法填空If we substitute a number each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”.You should make it clear that vitamin pills are not substitute healthy diet.完成句子爱情、友情、知识、健康,所有这些都是无价的,是金钱所无法取代的。Love,friendship,knowledge,health,all these things are p
17、riceless things money cant .考点必记a substitute for.的代替者(品)substitute for sb/sth(用)代替;取代substitute A for B/substitute B with/by A用A代替B写作佳句Punishment might be a must in education,but we can never substitute education with punishment.在教育中惩罚可能是必需的,但我们永远不能用惩罚代替教育。8.threatenvt.威胁;预示;有的危险经典例句He said army off
18、icers had threatened to destroy the town.他说军官们已威胁,要摧毁这座小镇。语境巧练单句语法填空Wildlife greatly (threat) in the modern age.There are species(物种) that are disappearing every day.(2019江苏卷,完形填空)The incident threatens (ruin) his chances in the election.The fighting is major threat to stability in the region.完成句子戴维
19、吓唬说要是比尔表现不好他就告诉老师真相。David the teacher the truth if Bill wouldnt behave well.考点必记threaten sb (with sth)扬言要(以某事)威胁/恐吓threaten to do sth威胁要干某事threaten that.预示凶兆,有危险threat n.威胁;恐吓;凶兆a threat to.对是一种威胁写作佳句Children are sometimes threatened with violence if they dont do what their parents want.小孩子如果没有做到他们父
20、母想要他们做的有时会受到暴力威胁。9.meansn.方法,手段(单复数相同,做主语时谓语动词应根据其表示的意义来确定)教材原句People in agricultural areas,without any means to earn their living,move to the cities,and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil.(P10)农业地区的人口因为没有办法谋生而流向城市,他们在贫瘠的粘土上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。语境巧练单句语法
21、填空But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will,perhaps,be able to find other means adapting.Business managers are focused on increasing their personal wealth any available means.Could you please switch off all the lights when you leave? all means.考点必记by all means尽一切办法;一定;务必;(表示答应)当然
22、可以by any means无论如何by no means绝不;一点也不(放在句首时句子应用部分倒装语序)by this means用这种方法by means of用/依靠方法名师点津means表示“方式,方法,手段”时,其单复数同形,当means在句中充当主语时,如果前面有each,every等词修饰,谓语动词应用单数形式,如果前面有many,some,several,few等词修饰,谓语应用复数形式。表示“用这种方法”的不同表达:in this way,with this method,by this means等,注意它们介词的使用不同。10.adoptvt.采纳,采用;收养教材原句Th
23、e Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans and as a result noise pollution levels have improved in recent years.(P12)中国政府已经采取了几项噪音控制计划,因此近年来噪声污染水平有所改善。语境巧练单句语法填空The new approach (adopt) turned out very effective.Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because t
24、hey (adopt) the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.(2019天津卷,阅读理解D篇)小话题写作蔡老师总是采用一些独特的方法,使得他的课堂生动,对我们学生具有吸引力。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Mr.Cai alwaysto make his class lively and appealing to us students.考点必记adopt an approach/a policy/an attitude/a strategy采取方法/政策/态度/策略adopt a c
25、hild收养小孩adoption n.采纳,采用;收养adopted adj.被收养的;被采用的写作佳句The old woman adopted a deserted boy and after a few months he came to adapt to his new life.那位老太太收养了一位被遗弃的男孩,几个月后,他适应了新的生活。11.lookahead展望未来教材原句Lookingahead,scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems f
26、acing the 21st century.(P6)展望未来,科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪所面临的最严重的环境问题之一。语境巧练单句语法填空I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged. (2018全国卷,语法填空)Once I look something on the Internet,I dont need to keep all the details for future use.Two boys were lost
27、and the police were looking the matter.完成句子我们学生都尊敬常老师,因为他总是十分平等而友好地对待我们。(2020全国卷,书面表达)We students allMr.Chang because he always treats us equally and kindly.考点必记look back回顾look around环顾look into调查look out当心;向外看look through浏览look forward to期盼look down on/upon轻视,看不起look up to尊敬;仰慕look up抬头看;查阅look ove
28、r检查(身体等)12.referto提到;谈及;参考;查阅教材原句Global warming refersto an average increase in the Earths temperature that,in turn,leads to climate change.(P6)全球变暖指的是地球温度平均升高,并由此导致气候发生变化。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空His judgment and (refer) are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.(2020新高考全国卷,阅读理解C篇)The trend,then
29、,was toward the “penny paper”a term (refer) to papers made widely available to the public.(2019全国卷,阅读理解C篇)小话题写作有大量的参考书,我经常困惑该从中选哪一本。(2018江苏卷,书面表达)There are which I am often confused to choose from.考点必记refer to the dictionary/notes查字/词典/笔记reference n.提及;查阅a reference book参考书in reference to关于写作佳句I am
30、writing to you inreferenceto the job opening in your department.我给你写信,是关于你所在部门的职位空缺。13.inturn依次,轮流地;反过来教材原句Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature that,inturn,leads to climate change.全球变暖指的是地球温度平均升高,并由此导致气候发生变化。语境巧练单句语法填空Theory is based on practice and turn serves prac
31、tice.完成句子笑着谈论那块三明治会导致侮辱,这反过来可能会导致暴力。Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,can lead to violence.Axani在邮件中写到,他并不寻求任何回报。Axani wrote in his post that he was not looking for anything .考点必记by turns轮流take turns to do/doing sth轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth轮到某人做某事词义精析in turn表示依次、转而、反过来;in return 作为报答
32、;作为交换(常和介词for连用)。写作佳句Inreturn,however,this passage will help you to think like an economist.然而,作为回报,这段文章将帮助你像一位经济学家那样思考。14.ononesbehalf代表教材原句We need to speak out ontheirbehalf before they disappear for good.(P8)趁它们还没有永远消失我们需要代表它们大声疾呼。语境巧练单句语法填空 behalf of our school,I would like to express our warm w
33、elcome to you.完成句子肯不在场,所以我代表他领奖。Ken is not present,so I shall accept the prize.小话题写作我代表机器人爱好集团,打算邀请您在即将到来的比赛中加入我们的团队。 (2018天津卷,书面表达)I,the Robotics Hobby Group,intend to invite you to join our team in the coming competition.考点必记on ones behalf=on behalf of sb代表in behalf of sb=in sbs behalf为帮助某人写作佳句Onb
34、ehalfof all my classmates,Id like to deliver a speech to express our appreciation to our teachers.我谨代表我所有的同学,发表演讲以表达我们对老师的感谢。15.given(that).句型教材原句Given this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(P6)根据这一数据判断,人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系似乎不仅
35、仅只是一个巧合。语境巧练完成句子根据消费者研究杂志上的一项最新研究,同伴饮食的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。a recent study in theJournalofConsumerResearch,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.如果有足够的时间和金钱,那些研究者早就能够发现这个领域更多的东西了。,the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field
36、.考点必记句中given“考虑到,鉴于”是介词。given后接表示事物性的名词(短语),并通常位于句首,也可置于句末,且常用逗号与其后面的句子隔开,整个介词短语在句中做状语。名师点津表示“考虑到”时,given后还可接that从句。同时,given做形容词时,表示“规定的”。类似地,considering(顾及;考虑到),according to(根据),concerning(关于)等均为介词。16.stop.fromdoingsth句型教材原句How can we stop these disasters from happening?(P6)我们如何才能阻止这些灾难的发生?语境巧练用所给词
37、的适当形式填空It prevents people who are cut off from society (fall) victim to cheaters.(2020天津卷,完形填空)But our insisting its merely a window has kept them from (attempt) millions of requests to open the door.(2020全国卷,完形填空)小话题写作作为父母,你不应该过分夸奖你的孩子,因为这会阻止他们尝试新事物或冒险。(2019浙江卷,概要写作)As parents,you shouldnt praise y
38、our kids too much,which cannew things or taking a risk.考点必记句中stop.from doing表示“阻止做”,其中from可以省略。名师点津类似地,prevent sb (from)doing sth及keep sb from doing sth也表示“防止/阻止某人做某事”,但keep sb doing sth则表示“让某人继续做某事”。写作佳句Before the storm arrived,they had done a lot of work to stop their crops frombeing damaged.风暴来临前
39、他们已经做了大量工作,阻止庄稼被破坏。17.Whydo.?句型教材原句But whywait around for governments to take action?(P6)但是为什么要等着政府来采取行动呢?语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空Why (bother)?We can stay at home and watch films online.But why (not start) now?完成句子我们对视频中放入什么内容进行了辩论。We debated over what into the video.考点必记Why do.?表示“为什么做呢?”该句型在口语中很常用,其否定形式为Wh
40、y not do.?表示“为什么不做呢?”how,where,when等疑问词没有why类似的用法,但它们可以和动词不定式连用,在句中充当一个成分,而why则没有此用法。写作佳句Whynotgo to see the movie MyPeople,MyHomeland tonight?今晚为什么不去看电影我和我的家乡? 18.behometo.句型教材原句One of the islands ishometo a giant tortoise named Lonesome George.(P9)其中一个小岛是一个叫Lonesome George的巨龟的家园。语境巧练单句语法填空Owned by
41、 the Hasell family since 1679,home the International Marmalade Festival.(2020全国卷,阅读理解A篇)完成句子毫无疑问,建于1911年的清华大学是许多杰出人物的发祥地。Without doubt,Qinghua University founded in 1911 many outstanding figures.考点必记be home to.表示“是的家园,是的发祥地,是的居住地”,在home前不可用冠词。写作佳句The mountains here are well protected because they ar
42、ehometo many endangered birds and animals.这里的山脉受到很好保护,因为它们是许多濒临灭绝的鸟类和动物的家园。19.一段时间+haveseen.句型教材原句The last few years haveseen environmental disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come.(P10)近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现,专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。语境巧练完成句子由于中国共产党的好政策,过去的三十年见证了中国的巨大变化。The last thirty
43、 years great changes in China because of the Partys good policy.再往前驱车一小时,我们就可以到达山脚下了。Another hours ride the foot of the hill.考点必记“一段时间+have seen.”表示“(时间)见证了”,此处see也可用witness代替。名师点津此处的动词see使用的是拟人修辞手法。拟人修辞手法把事物人格化,使本来不具备人的动作和感情的动物或植物变得有像人一样的行为。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子,主语通常是表示时间、地点、心爱之物等的名词,如车、船等。谓语则常是see,witnes
44、s,find,make,bring,cause,give,experience等。随堂巩固迁移运用.单句语法填空1.Dr.Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.(2020天津卷,单项填空)2.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain (think) to be about 1.8 million.(2020全国卷,阅读理解C篇)3.The weak links may thus keep species
45、 driving one another to extinction.(2019天津卷,阅读理解C篇)4.According to most (calculate),race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour,which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking.(2020全国卷,阅读理解C篇)5.How can we bridge the ever-widening gap
46、 that separates us other animals?(2019江苏卷,完形填空)6.When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species strongly (link).(2019天津卷,阅读理解C篇)7.Please do not include covers.A list of (refer) must be included.(2019天津卷,阅读理解A篇).选词填空construction,substitutes,financial,answer,preser
47、ved,advocated,mountainous,recycledIn nature a lot of natural resources have no 1.They cant be 2.Once used up,well never get any of them.However,some people tend to waste them for their 3. benefits.Undoubtedly,humans will 4. for what they have done to nature.In some 5. areas mountains are not 6. well
48、 because of 7. and landslides often occur.Its 8. that we humans learn to live in harmony with nature.根据汉语提示补全短文内容Last Sunday,I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fair Lake Park.1. (一进入公园,被那儿的美景所吸引,我却看到了令人不快的一幕).2. (船上有两个年轻游客在吃着东西,大声地谈论着、笑着).3. (他们忽视“请勿乱扔垃圾”牌子的存在而扔着垃圾,没有意识到他们的行为对美丽的公园造成损害).This
49、is a common sight in some public places.As we know,littering pollutes the environment;bad manners ruin the beauty of tourist attractions.Dear friends,mind your behavior in public places.Be kind to the environment.Be good to the trees.Be friendly to nature.4. (只有用这种方法我们才能生活在永远有蓝天和绿色陆地的美丽家园).选修8Unit22
50、EnvironmentalProtection核心考点课堂突破1.reservationreservesare reserved for2.intoTrappedwas trapped3.beyondBeyond a certain pointbeyond our description4.to have developedason/toclaim your money back5.toirrelevantinform you of some relevant details6.(should) weareatingwe pick watermelons7.forforfor which;su
51、bstitute8.has been;threatenedto ruinathreatened to tell9.ofbyBy10.adoptedhave adoptedadopts some unique approaches11.intoupintolook up to12.referencesreferringhuge quantities of reference books13.inwhich in turnin return14.Onon his behalfon behalf of15.According toGiven enough time and money16.falli
52、ngattemptingprevent them from trying17.bothernot startto put18.tois home to19.have witnessedwill bring us to随堂巩固迁移运用.1.whose2.is thought3.from4.calculations5.from6.are;linked7.references.1.substitutes2.recycled3.financial4.answer5.mountainous6.preserved7.construction8.advocated.1.Upon entering the p
53、ark,attracted by the beautiful scenery there,I saw a displeasing scene2.On the boat were two young tourists eating,talking and laughing loudly3.Neglecting the existence of the sign saying “No Littering!”,they were throwing rubbish,without realizing their behavior had done great damage to the beauty of the park4.Only by this means can we live in a beautiful home with the blue sky and green land forever