1、个人、家庭、社区及学校生活.阅读理解As a kid, Joanna Buckley wasnt interested in science until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set for Christmas.“Over the course of a few weeks, Id completed every experiment. But in the process, I polluted my parents dining room carpet and burnt the
2、 kitchen worktop with the spirit burner，” she says.Now science is Buckleys job. She works in the chemistry department at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realize, firsthand, how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great，” she says. Now the good news i
3、s that citizen science appears.Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckleys athome chemistry kit. Thats because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers.“Compared with a oneoff experiment, whats cool about citizen science is that students get that this has
4、 a purpose，” Prunuske says. “Students want to do a good job, because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”Long agrees. “Kids like that its real. And they like that its important, that it matters.” Citizenscience projects have made big discoveries. One found a pre
5、viously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizenscience projects helped scientists learn where butterflies go every winter.Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. Thats one reason
6、they hope that fun, exciting citizenscience projects can help them keep in touch, Long says. And she has some evidence that its working, “Last year, we did have a couple of students say, I really think I want to be a scientist now.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公民科学项目，使青少年体验实验的乐趣，激励着少年，为他们在科学的道路上指引着方向。1What
7、is the purpose of Paragraph 2?ATo support trials can make teens interested in science.BTo prove failure is the mother of success in science.CTo state Buckley has a talent for science.DTo praise Buckley for her strong will.解析：选A推理判断题。第一段提到小时候，乔安娜巴克利对科学并不感兴趣，直到她有机会尝试一下。这件事发生在她圣诞节得到一套化学仪器的时候。由此可知，第二段是为
8、了支持第一段提出的观点，只有做了试验才能对科学感兴趣。故选A。2Why is citizen science more fun?AIt carries out experiments frequently.BIt must carry out experiments in groups.CIt needs to seek for new solutions. DIt demands to handle complex problems.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，它更有趣是因为需要寻找新的解决办法。故选C。3What can we know from what Prunuske
9、 said?AShe participated in the experiment.BShe took pride in what students took up.CCitizen science is popular with students.DScientists are willing to employ students.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Compared with .purpose” 与一次性的实验相比，公民科学的最酷之处在于，学生们意识到这是有目的的。由此可知，公民科学受学生欢迎。故选C。4What is Longs attitude towards ci
10、tizen science?AConcerned.BSupportive.CDoubtful. DUnclear.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断出，Long对于公民科学项目是支持的。故选B。.完形填空Why study history?People live in the present. They plan for the _1_. History, however, is the study of the past. Given all the _2_ and pressures that come from living in the present and _3_ what
11、is yet to come, why bother with what has happened? Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist as most _4_ systems do on history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are _5_ to?Any subject of study needs _6_： supporters must explain why it is worth _7_. Like
12、 most widely accepted _8_， history attracts people who simply _9_ the information and modes of thought involved. But for people who are less interested in the subject and more _10_ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required._11_ do not perform heart transp
13、lants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals. In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve _12_ purposes, historys functions can seem more difficult to _13_ than those of engineering or medicine. History is in fact very useful, actually _14_， but the products of historical stud
14、y are often less _15_ and immediate than those of other subjects.History helps us understand people, societies and how they _16_. For example, how can we _17_ past wars and future threats without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of the societys operation cannot be set up as p
15、recise experiments. _18_， history must serve, however imperfectly, as our _19_， helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot _20_ history.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是非常重要
16、的，它能帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。1A.processBresultCfuture Denvironment解析：选C根据上句“People live in the present.”和该句中的“plan for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。C项意为“未来”，符合语境。A项意为“过程”；B项意为“结果”；D项意为“环境”。2A.causes BdemandsCchoices Dorders解析：选B根据该句中的“and pressures that come from living in the present”并结合选项可知，空处与名词“pressures”
17、对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。B项意为“需求”，符合语境。A项意为“原因”；C项意为“选择”；D项意为“次序”。3A.avoiding BfearingCcelebrating Danticipating解析：选D根据上文的“They plan for the _1_.”以及该句中的“_3_ what is yet to come”，并结合语境可知，此处是说对未来的预期。D项意为“预期”，符合语境。A项意为“避免”；B项意为“恐惧”；C项意为“庆祝”。4A.financial BsocialCeducational Dpolitical解析：选C根据下文中的“urge many st
18、udents to study even more history”可知，我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句的内容可知，考虑到所有可用的知识分支，为什么大多数教育体系坚持教授历史？C项意为“教育的”，符合语境。A项意为“财政的”；B项意为“社会的”；D项意为“政治的”。5A.required BinvitedCforced Dpermitted解析：选A根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？A项意为“要求”，符合语境。B项意为“邀请”；C项意为“强迫”；D项意为“允许”。6A.direction BexplorationCju
19、stification Drevolution解析：选C根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由(justification)，支持者必须解释其值得关注(attention)的原因，故C项正确。A项意为“方向”；B项意为“探索”；D项意为“改革”。7A.assessment BattentionCexpectation Dmention解析：选B参见上题解析。B项意为“关注”，符合语境。A项意为“评估”；C项意为“期望”；D项意为“提及”。8A.subjects BconceptsCtopics Dconcerns解析：选A根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境
20、可知，该处指“大多数被普遍接受的学科”。A项意为“学科”，符合语境。B项意为“概念”；C项意为“话题”；D项意为“忧虑”。9A.provide BreceiveCshare Dlike解析：选D根据该句中的“history attracts people who simply _9_ the information and modes of thought involved”并结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及有相关思维方式的人。D项意为“喜欢”，符合语境。A项意为“提供”；B项意为“收到”；C项意为“分享”。10A.doubtful BworriedCthoughtful Dcerta
21、in解析：选A根据该句中的“why they should bother with it”可知，对于那些对这门学科不太感兴趣，而且对为什么要花费时间学这门学科有疑问的人来说，需要更清楚地解释学这门学科的目的。A项意为“怀疑的”，符合语境。B项意为“担心的”；C项意为“思考的，深思的”；D项意为“肯定的”。11A.Supporters BHistoriansCAudiences DTeachers解析：选B根据上文可知，文章主要是论述历史研究的，因此该处是在说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。B项意为“历史学家”，符合语境。A项意为“支持者”；C项意为“观众”；D项意为“老师”。12A.
22、public BmultipleCdifferent Duseful解析：选D根据该句中的“In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve _12_ purposes”，并结合该段最后一句中的“History is in fact very useful”和常识可知，社会期望教育有作用。D项意为“有用的”，符合语境。A项意为“公共的”；B项意为“多种多样的”；C项意为“不同的”。13A.define BexpectCsatisfy Dignore解析：选A根据该句中的“historys functions can see
23、m more difficult to _13_ than those of engineering or medicine”，并结合常识可知，历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难定义。A项意为“给下定义”，符合语境。B项意为“预期”；C项意为“满足”；D项意为“忽视”。14A.optional BattractiveCaccessible Dessential解析：选D根据该句中的“History is in fact very useful, actually _14_”，并结合语境可推知，空处和“very useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。D项意
24、为“极其重要的”，符合语境。A项意为“可选择的”；B项意为“吸引人的”；C项意为“可进入的”。15A.valuable BinterestingCinstructive Daccurate解析：选C根据该句中的“but the products of historical study are often less _15_ and immediate than those of other subjects”可知，历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果更有教育意义和即时的效果。C项意为“有教育意义的”，符合语境。A项意为“有价值的”；B项意为“有趣的”；D项意为“精确的”。16A.imagine
25、 BbehaveCfight Dfade解析：选B根据下文所举的例子，并结合该句的内容可知，历史帮助我们了解人、社会以及他们是如何表现的。B项意为“表现”，符合语境。A项意为“想象”；C项意为“战斗”；D项意为“褪色”。17A.prevent BrememberCevaluate Ddeclare解析：选C根据空后一句并结合该句的内容可推知，如果不使用历史资料，我们如何评估过去的战争和未来的威胁呢？C项意为“评估”，符合语境。A项意为“阻止”；B项意为“记得”；D项意为“宣告”。18A.Consequently BAlternativelyCFortunately DAdmittedly解析：
26、选A根据上文可知，社会运转的重要方面不能作为精确的实验来设置，并结合该句可知，因此，历史必须作为我们的实验室(laboratory)，帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。A项意为“因此”，符合语境。B项意为“或者”；C项意为“幸运地”；D项意为“不可否认地”。19A.library BlaboratoryCclinic Dmuseum解析：选B参见上题解析。B项意为“实验室”，符合语境。A项意为“图书馆”；C项意为“诊所”；D项意为“博物馆”。20A.make up for Bgive in toCget close to Dstay away from解析：选D根据上文可知，
27、历史帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情；据此可知，此处是说我们不能远离历史。D项意为“远离”，符合语境。A项意为“弥补”；B项意为“屈服”；C项意为“接近”。.语法填空(2021衡阳高三模拟)Recently a new type of reusable mask developed by a Ningbobased company _1_(enter) the market. Unlike surgical masks, this new product, uses a nanomaterial membrane (纳米膜), rather than the _2_ (typ
28、e) meltblown fabric, to filter (过滤) bacteria and viruses.Laboratory tests and _3_third party report show that the mask has achieved the same quality standards of the N95 mask, which can filter 95 percent of tiny objects with a diameter of at least 75 nanometers. The masks are also comfortable, easy
29、to breathe _4_.Whats better, depending on the users setting and wear time, the mask can _5_ (use)up to 20 times.The mask can also resist repeated sterilization (杀菌) with boiling water, disinfectant, _6_alcohol, meaning that people only need to change the filter after wearing it for 12 hours and wash
30、 it regularly in hot water at a temperature between 56 and 70 _7_(degree) Celsius for longterm use.The mask is currently divided into two grades _8_(price) at 6 yuan ($0.89) and 9 yuan, _9_(respective). Both are equipped with two replaceable filters. Besides, compared with adult masks, the masks mad
31、e especially for children are _10_(skinfriendly)1has entered考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文Recently可知应用现在完成时，且主语为a Ningbobased company，助动词用has。故填has entered。2typical考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词fabric，应用形容词typical。故填typical。3a考查冠词。report为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且third的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。4through考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示透气性好，容易呼吸。故填through。5be re
32、used/be used考查动词的语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，此处可表示“使用”用use，也可表示“再次使用”应用reuse，且can后跟动词原形。故填be reused / be used。6or考查连词。此处表示“该口罩还能抵抗沸水、消毒剂或酒精的反复消毒”，表示“或者”应用or。故填or。7degrees考查名词复数。degree为可数名词，设空处由“56 and 70”修饰应用复数形式。故填degrees。8priced考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知price在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语mask构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填priced。9respectively考查副词。句意：目前，这种口罩分为两种等级，价格分别为6元(0.89美元)和9元。修饰上文at 6 yuan ($0.89) and 9 yuan应用副词respectively，表示“分别”。故填respectively。10more skinfriendly考查比较级。句意：此外，与成人口罩相比，专为儿童制作的口罩更亲肤。设空处表示“更亲肤的”应用形容词比较级。故填more skinfriendly。