1、课时规范训练(单独成册)训练(三十七).阅读理解(共两节)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。You may have heard that a young man named Abner Doubleday invented the game known as baseball in Cooperstown，New York，during the summer of 1839.Doubleday then went on to become a Civil War hero，while baseball became Americas beloved
2、national pastime.Not only is that story untrue，its not even in the ballpark (place for baseball)Doubleday was still at West Point in 1839，and he never claimed to have anything to do with baseball.In 1907，a special commission (委员会) created by the sporting goods merchant and former major league player
3、 AJ.Spalding used weak evidencenamely the claims of one man，mining engineer Abner Gravesto come up with the Doubleday origin story.Cooperstown businessmen and major league officials would rely on the myths lasting power in the 1930s，when they established the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
4、 in the village.As it turns out，the real history of baseball is a little more complicated than the Doubleday legend.References to games resembling (相似) baseball in the United States date back to the 18th century.Its most direct ancestors appear to be two English games：rounder a (a childrens game bro
5、ught to New England by the earliest colonists) and cricket.By the time of the American Revolution，variations (演变) of such games were being played on schoolyards and college campuses across the country.They became even more popular in newly industrialized cities where men sought work in the mid19th c
6、entury.In September 1845，a group of New York City men founded the New York Knickerbocker Baseball Club.One of them would make a new set of rules that would form the basis for modern baseball.Cartwrights changes made the game fasterpaced and more challenging from older games like cricket.In 1846，the
7、Knickerbockers：played the first official game of baseball against a team of cricket players，beginning a new，uniquely American tradition.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，属于社会类短文阅读。现代棒球运动的起源说法不一。据有关专家考证：棒球运动起源于英国的板球(Cricket)和圆场球(Rounder)，美国人亚历山大乔伊卡特赖德(Alexander Joy Cartwright)为统一名称和打法，制定了有史以来第一套棒球竞赛规则。1What can we know
8、 according to the first paragraph?ABaseball was really invented by Abner Doubleday.BAbner Doubleday fought against slaves in the Civil War.CDoubleday stayed at West Point for some reason.DDoubleday said he had much to do with baseball.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Doubleday was still at West Point in 1839，and
9、 he never claimed to have anything to do with baseball.”可知，在1839年Doubleday在西点。故选C。2Why did the Doubleday origin story come up?ABecause a special commission was founded.BBecause Doubleday provided false evidence.CBecause Abner Craves told a Doubleday story.DBecause Abner Craves worked with Doubleday.
10、解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 1907，a special commission (委员会) created by the sporting goods merchant and former major league player AJ.Spalding used weak evidencenamely the claims of one man，mining engineer Abner Gravesto come up with the Doubleday origin story.”可知，最早是采矿工程师提出了关于Doubleday的传说。故选C。3The real h
11、istory of baseball is .Amuch simpler than the Doubleday legendBthat baseball comes from two English gamesCthat a childrens game came from New EnglandDmore interesting than rounder and cricket解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知棒球的真正历史远远比Doubleday传说要复杂，棒球运动源于英国的板球和圆场球。故选B。4It can be inferred from the passage that .AD
12、oubleday is the most respected in the USABDoubleday must have been an army officerCDoubleday in fact came from BritainDDoubleday invented rounder and cricket解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段末句可知，Doubleday曾经在美国著名的西点军校呆过，那么他很可能是一名军人。故选B。第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Personalized ExerciseAs the start of
13、every year，many of us promise ourselves that a certain number of times a week we will go to the gym or attend an exercise class.But finally many of us just struggle to fit exercise into our lives，or start off well and then give up.Why do we have a good plan at the beginning and fail to achieve it in
14、 the end？How can we deal with the problem？1. It is important to determine your motivation first.Are you mainly interested in destressing or in getting fitter？If your goal is relaxation，then ask yourself if you want to do it energetically.2. If you have a calmer style，you can do something quite diffe
15、rent.You could choose solitary exercise，such as walking the dog or doing some gardening.3. There are quite a lot of them，such as walking and running groups，dance classes，etc.On your own，you could go horse riding or swimming，or just download fitness exercise programs and do it at home.4 If you have f
16、ree time at the weekend，you could book some time with a personal trainer，who can come to your house，or you could meet him at the gym.If your life is not as regular，you could choose the next couple of minutes you have to try an exercise DVD，or put your running shoes on and run for any length of time.
17、As you see，everything counts when you are doing exercise.Whatever your lifestyle is，you will be able to have something that suits you.5. Just sit down with a cup of tea，read this article again，and have a think about your options.Then finish the tea，get up，get going，and dont stop.AGood exercise is ne
18、cessary for physical health.BThe key could be to find the right type of exercise.CIf it is fitness you are after，group activities will be suitable.DYoud better create a personalized plan to get you into shape.EIn this case，a type of exercise based on boxing may be right for you.FIn other words，you c
19、an always find personalized exercise by yourself.GFor people who are extremely busy，it is easier to fit exercise into daily lives.1解析：选B。根据上文提到的“But finally many of us just struggle to fit exercise into our lives，or start off well and then give up.Why do we have a good plan at the beginning and fail
20、 to achieve it in the end？How can we deal with the problem？”可知，最后要么是很好的开始，最终放弃，为什么我们在开始有个好的计划最终不能实现，我们如何处理这些问题，故选B“关键是找到合适的练习的类型”。2解析：选E。根据上文提到的“If your goal is relaxation，then ask yourself if you want to do it energetically.”可知，如果你的目标是放松，然后问问自己是否能做到精力充沛，故选E“在这种情况下，拳击是适合的”。3解析：选C。根据下文提到的“There are q
21、uite a lot of them，such as walking and running groups，dance classes，etc.”可知，他们有许多如散步小组，跑步组，跳舞班，而C“如果你所追求的是健康的话，这些活动很合适”这个选项是相匹配的。4解析：选G。根据下文提到的“If you have free time at the weekend，you could book some time with a personal trainer，who can come to your house，or you could meet him at the gym.”可知，如果你在周末
22、有时间的话，你可以约私人教练，或约在体育馆，故选G“对于繁忙的人来说，调整锻炼来适应日常的生活”。5解析：选F。根据上文提到的“As you see，everything counts when you are doing exercise.Whatever your lifestyle is，you will be able to have something that suits you.”可知，如你所见，当你锻炼时一切都是重要的，无论你的生活方式是什么样子的，你都能找到适合你的，故选F“换句话说，你会找到个性化的锻炼”。.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。F
23、ootracing (竞走) is a popular activity in the United States.It is not only seen as a competitive sport，but also as a 1 to exercise.Though 2 runners may spend months training to compete，other runners and walkers might not train at all. 3 not competing to win might run in an effort to 4 their own time，o
24、r 5 to enjoy the fun and exercise.People of all 6 ，from those less than one year old to those in their 80s， 7 into this sport.The races are held on city streets，on college campuses， 8 parks，and in suburban areas，and commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in 9 .The largest footrace in the world is the 12kilomet
25、er Bay to Breakers 10 that is held in San Francisco every spring.This race 11 on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the 12 side at the Pacific Ocean.In 1993 there were 80,000 people 13 in this race through the streets and hills of San Francisco.In the 14 are the serious run
26、ners who compete to win，and 15 might finish in as little as 34 minutes.Behind them 16 the thousands who take several hours to finish.In the back of the race are those who wear various clothing just for 17 .There was a group of firefighters who were all 18 in a long line and were carrying a firehose(
27、消防水龙带)One year there was a wedding 19 ，in which the bride dressed in a long white dress and the groom wore a tuxedo (晚礼服)They 20 flowers to bystanders，and were actually married at some point along the route.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇小短文介绍了美国的一项非常受欢迎的运动竞走的一些情况。1A.planBdesign CsportDway解析：选D。考查名词辨析。plan“计划”；de
28、sign“设计”；sport“运动”；way“方式”。竞走不仅仅是一种体育竞赛，同时也是锻炼身体的一种方式。故选D。2A.serious Bamateur Cfamous Dordinary解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。serious“严肃的；认真的；庄重的”；amateur“业余的”；famous“著名的”；ordinary“普通的”。一个认真严肃的跑者可能先进行几个月的训练。故选A。3A.Others BThese CThose DOnes解析：选C。考查代词辨析。这里指代的是后面说的那些并不是为了赢得比赛的人。故选C。4A.save Bbeat Cwaste Dvalue解析：选B。考查动
29、词辨析。save“节约”；beat“拍打”；waste“浪费”；value“评价”。beat time“打拍子”。那些不参加比赛的人可以按照自己的节拍跑步。故选B。5A.finally Bsimply Cpartly Dcertainly解析：选B。考查副词辨析。finally“最终地”；simply“简单地”；partly“部分地”；certainly“当然”。或者是简单地享受乐趣和运动。故选B。6A.ages Bwalks CsortsDnations解析：选A。考查名词辨析。age“年龄”；walk“步行”；sort“类别”；nation“国家”。从后文“from those less
30、than one year old to those in their 80s”可知，这里指的是所有年龄段的人。故选A。7A.turn Blook Cbreak Denter解析：选D。考查动词辨析。turn“转变”；look“看”；break“打破”；enter“进入”。enter into“开始；进入”。不论哪个年龄段的人都开始加入这项运动。故选D。8A.across Bover CthroughDon解析：选C。考查介词辨析。across“穿过”；over“越过”；through“通过；穿过”；on“在之上”。across为“横穿”，与“道路”交叉形成“十字”；而through为在立体空
31、间中的“穿过”。如：go through the forest“穿过森林”，go across the street “穿过大街”。故选C。9A.size Blength Cdepth Dheight解析：选B。考查名词辨析。size“大小；尺寸”；length“长度”；depth“深度”；height“高度”。5至10公里的长度。故选B。10A.race Bcity Cground Dceremony解析：选A。考查名词辨析。race“竞赛”；city“城市”；ground“地面”；ceremony“仪式”。这里很明显的是竞走竞赛。故选A。11A.holds Bgoes Cbegins Dc
32、arries解析：选C。考查动词辨析。hold“持有；拥有”；go“前进”；begin“开始”；carry“传递”。根据后文可知这里指的是竞赛从城市的东边开始的。故选C。12A.north Bsouth Ceast Dwest解析：选D。考查名词辨析。north“北方”；south“南方”；east“东边”；west“西方”。根据常识判断太平洋在旧金山的西方。故选D。13A.signing Bhelping Cwatching Drunning解析：选D。考查动词辨析。sign“签名”；help“帮助”；watch“观看”；run“跑”。在1993年有80 000人在这场比赛中跑步穿过旧金山的
33、街道和山。故选D。14A.beginning Bfront Ccourse Dprocess解析：选B。考查名词辨析。begin“开始”；front“前面”；course“课程；进程”；process“过程”。跑在前面的是一些认真的人想要赢得比赛。故选B。15A.who Bwhat Cwhich Das解析：选A。考查代词辨析。who“谁；什么人”；what“什么”；which“哪一个”；as“因为；由于”。这里指代的是那些想要赢得比赛的人。故选A。16A.stay Bfall Care Dstand解析：选C。考查动词辨析。stay“停留”；fall“落下”；are“是”；stand“站立”
34、。跟在他们后面的是成千的需要几个小时完成比赛的人。故选C。17A.fun Bmedal Cwin Dprize解析：选A。考查名词辨析。fun“乐趣”；medal“奖章”；win“胜利”；prize“奖品”。在最后面的那些人只是为了寻找乐趣。故选A。18A.wrapped Bfollowed Cseparated Dtied解析：选D。考查动词辨析。wrap“包裹；覆盖”；follow“跟随”；separate“分开”；tie“系住”。消防员被连成一长线并拿着消防水龙带。故选D。19A.dinner Bparty Cday Dinvitation解析：选B。考查名词辨析。dinner“宴会”；
35、party“派对”；day“日子”；invitation“邀请”。wedding party“婚礼派对”。故选B。20A.sold Bpresented CthrewDdonated解析：选C。考查动词辨析。sell“卖”；present“提出”；throw“抛”；donate“赠送”。婚礼上都有扔捧花的习俗，所以是把鲜花抛给了他们。故选C。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。I found myself in the city for work today.On my lunch break I decided to walk around th
36、e public garden 1. (observe) things and persons in it.It was one of those unusually hot September days you might get 2. (sunburn)，but it felt good after being in the airconditioning all morning.I 3. (walk) past two persons，sweaty and asleep，on a bench together with all their belongings around them.I
37、 continued walking but kept thinking about the pair on the bench.Then my 4. (react) to this was to go to a shop and buy five bottles of cold water.Quickly I returned 5. the garden.First stop was the couple on the bench.I woke the gentleman up and asked if they were OK.6. (sleepy)，he told me they wer
38、e fine，7. he gratefully accepted two bottles of water.The third bottle went to a girl playing her violin in 8. garden，the fourth to a young man lying in the grass reading，and the fifth to a foreigner asking for 9. (direction)Lightheartedly and cheerfully，I went back to my company.“Its a great day fo
39、r me，” I said to 10. (I)答案：1to observe。考查非谓语动词。observe与逻辑主语I是主动关系；由前文中的decide可知是表目的。2sunburnt。考查非谓语动词。此处sunburnt是过去分词，作get的表语，与逻辑主语you为被动关系。3walked。考查时态。叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时。4reaction。考查名词。前面有my作定语，后用名词形式。5to。考查介词。return (vi.)，表示方向应指return后加介词to。6Sleepily。考查副词。副词sleepily作状语，修饰told。7but。考查并列连词。两部分是转折关系，所以要
40、用but连接。8the。考查冠词。此处garden是上文提到的，是特指，所以用定冠词the。9directions。考查名词复数。direction是可数名词。ask for directions“问路”。10myself。考查反身代词。myself是反身代词，与I相对。say to oneself“自言自语”。.小写作【写作素材】1你最喜欢的体育运动是足球。2父亲是个足球队员，参加过各种比赛；正是在他的影响下，你对足球产生了兴趣；1998年的法国世界杯对你产生了影响，至今你仍记得其主题曲，于是喜欢上了足球。(take part in; World Cup; theme song)3去年被一支
41、足球队选中成为它的一员，现在担任队长，司职前锋；每天写完作业后你跟朋友一起踢球；足球值得你投入。(captain; worth)4最喜欢的球员是阿根廷(Argentina)的梅西(Messi)，最大的愿望是能成为像他一样的足球超级明星。(superstar) One possible version：Of all the sports，I like playing football best.My father is a footballer and has taken part in all kinds of competitions.It was under his influence t
42、hat I began to show (an) interest in it.Besides，I was also deeply influenced by the 1998 World Cup in France，whose theme song I still remember.Last year，I was admitted into a football team，in which I play as a forward as well as being captain.I play football with my friends after finishing my homework every day.Football is worth my devotion.My favorite player is Messi from Argentina and my greatest wish is to be a football superstar like him in the future.