1、主要国家地理概况.阅读理解A(2021陕西百校联盟模拟)Im interested in the Renaissance (文艺复兴), so I like visiting ancient Italian cities.Ferrara is called City of the Renaissance. When I learned about this city on the Internet, I decided to pay a visit to it.The city has a certain charm, but I find it isnt as great as other
2、Italian cities like Verona, let alone Venice or Rome. The Michelin Green Guide gives it two stars, which is right.I first visited the city centre. The Cathedral and Castello Estense are at the heart of the city. Both have striking appearances. I visited the Cathedral first. Castello Estense is also
3、worth visiting, which owes its name to the powerful Este family. It was built with bricks and surrounded by a moat (护城河). At the lower levels, the history of the city and the Este family are told through displays, and in another part the ceilings are shown through mirrors on the ground.In the north,
4、 we can appreciate the Renaissance extension of the town, with straight streets and monumental houses. The famous Palazzo dei Diamanti lies here. When I was visiting it, it started to rain, so after taking a few photos quickly, I cut my visit there short. It had been raining for a few days. When the
5、 rain ceased, I went to visit the historical centre and the Renaissance buildings.After leaving there, I visited several other interesting places such as palaces and the narrow streets of the downtown. After four hours in Ferrara I left by train to Mantua. There I had a much better time.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙
6、文。文章介绍了意大利北部城市费拉拉的一些地方并讲述了作者的参观过程。1Why did the author pay a visit to Ferrara?AIt is related to the Renaissance.BIt is full of charm.CIt is a very famous city in Europe.DIt is strongly recommended by a website.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，作者对文艺复兴感兴趣，费拉拉被称为文艺复兴之城，即它与文艺复兴有关，所以作者去参观了费拉拉，故A项正确。2What did the aut
7、hor think of The Michelin Green Guides comment on Ferrara?ARidiculous.BReasonable.CUnacceptable. DUnbelievable.解析：选B细节理解题。题干问的是作者如何看待米其林绿色指南对费拉拉的评价。根据第二段中的“but I find it isnt as great . which is right”可知，作者认为费拉拉不如像维罗那等的意大利城市好，更不用说威尼斯和罗马了，米其林绿色指南给这个城市评两颗星是合理的。故B项正确。3How could Castello Estense probabl
8、y get its name according to the text?AIt came from the historical buildings.BIt originated from the straight streets.CIt was named after the powerful Este family.DIt was connected to the surrounding moat.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Castello Estense is also worth visiting, which owes its name to the powerful
9、Este family.”可知，埃斯坦塞城堡的名字起源于强大的埃斯特家族，即以这个家族的名字而命名，故C项正确。4What can we infer from the text?AThe writer thought Ferrara was as great as Venice.BThe writer visited Palazzo dei Diamanti for a long time.CThe writer was much more satisfied with the tour in Mantua than in Ferrara.DThe writer was disappointe
10、d with the visit to the Cathedral and Castello Estense.解析：选C推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句可知，作者在曼图亚度过了更加愉快的时光，并结合第二段尾句可推知，与费拉拉相比，作者对于曼图亚之旅更满意，故C项正确。B(2021合肥高三检测)People often talk about cultural differences between western and eastern countries, but how about the western world itself? Surprisingly, a closer look at
11、it can reveal a good many curious details.The most obvious characteristic of the majority of Americans is that they smile a lot. It does not matter whether they have a strong reason to smile; they do it, sometimes simply because they have to. A smile is not just a powerful marketing tool, but also a
12、 way to show that someone is friendly, and that life in general is fine. Europeans, on the contrary, prefer to keep a more neutral (不露声色的) facial expression. They smile mostly when they are in a good mood, or feel amused; if not, a Europeans face will remain neutral, or even dull. In Russia, for exa
13、mple, there is a proverb saying that laughing for no reason is a sign of a fool. It does not mean that Europeans are serious, or that they do not have a sense of humor.The same refers to communication in general. Americans are extremely communicative; small talk and chats are common. Europeans talk
14、mostly when there is something to say, and rarely enter communication just for the purpose of talking to other people. American people prefer to express what they think carefully, considering how it might affect surrounding people. Europeans are more straightforward, even with unfamiliar people. A E
15、uropean friend will almost always voice their opinion on different occasions, and will not hesitate to remind you that you need to lose some weight or take a shower.It can be said that Americans are people of contrasts. They are openminded, flexible, and ready to accept everything new enthusiastical
16、ly; but at the same time, American society manages to bring up unbelievable conservatives. Americans are extremely politically correct, which, in most cases, is indeed a secure and beneficial practice, but it can also mess up daily or even private communication, sometimes preventing having close rel
17、ationships. Europeans, on the contrary, are more straightforward, preferring to tell the truth in direct ways. Each way of communication is different neither is correct or incorrect.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。西方国家之间对于同一事物的理解也存在着文化差异，文章主要通过对比美国人和欧洲人在微笑上的不同来分析西方人的文化差异。5What does the author say about smiling?AIt is
18、 culturerelated within western countries.BIt is a powerful marketing tool across cultures.CIt is thought of as a sign of a fool in America.DIt is regarded as being socially necessary in Europe.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段可知，人们经常谈论西方和东方国家的文化差异，但是西方世界本身呢？令人惊讶的是，仔细观察它可以揭示出许多有趣的细节。下文通过对比美国人和欧洲人在对待微笑的理解上的不同来分析西方人的文化
19、差异。由此可知，作者认为微笑与西方国家的自身文化有关。故选A。6What is typical of Europeans communication?ABeating around the bush.BHaving small talk and chats.CHiding their feelings carefully.DExpressing themselves openly.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“A European friend .a shower.”可知，一个欧洲朋友几乎总是会在不同场合发表自己的意见，并且会毫不犹豫地提醒您，您需要减肥或洗个澡。由此可知，欧洲人交
20、流的典型特征是公开表达自己的想法。故选D。7What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?ABeing straightforward.BBeing politically correct.CAccepting everything new.DRaising unbelievable conservatives.解析：选B代词指代题。由but表示转折可知，it指代的是本句话中前面出现的内容，即it指的是“Americans are extremely politically correct”一事，意为“美国人
21、是明哲保身的”，which引导的非限制性定语从句是对这一行为的肯定，这与but之后的内容在逻辑上是转折关系。故选B。8How is the text mainly developed?ABy analyzing cause and effect.BBy making comparisons.CBy classifying body language.DBy discussing research findings.解析：选B推理判断题。文章通过对比美国人和欧洲人在微笑上的不同来分析文化对于西方人的影响，因此这是通过做比较的方法来组织文章的思路的。故选B。.阅读七选五By the end of
22、the 15th century many things were changing in Europe.The population started to grow more quickly and a new class of merchants came up.They wanted to buy and sell expensive and valuable products from Asia, like gold, jewels and silk. In those days, people had no refrigerators to preserve their food._
23、1_ To make food taste better they used spices, like pepper. _2_ But in the 15th century the overland passageways were being controlled by the Turkish Empire, which made it even more difficult for European merchants to pass through.As a result, some European countries, like Spain and Portugal, decide
24、d to find out if there was a sea passageway to India.At the end of the 15th century the Portuguese started to explore the west coast of Africa._3_ In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias sailed around the southern part of the continent and got as far as the east coast of Africa, but a stor
25、m made him turn back._4_ The Portuguese named it the Cape of Good Hope because they were hopeful of finding a passageway to India.In 1497, Vasco Da Gama set out from Lisbon, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean._5_ He took some spices and gold back with him to prove that he
26、had reached India.AHe reached the west coast of India the next year.BThey dried meat and used salt to make it last longer.CThey set up trading posts and collected gold and silver.DOn his return voyage, he saw a piece of land stretching out into the sea.EFor centuries Europeans brought these goods on
27、 a land passageway from Asia.FThey were convinced that by sailing around it they would find a passageway to India.GWith the help of advanced ships and instruments, they started the Age of Exploration.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了欧洲人为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。1选B空格前一句谈到了由于在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，本句承接上一句的内容，为了让食物(肉)保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或
28、用盐将肉腌制起来，故选B。2选E第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝、丝绸以及香料，商人就从亚洲通过陆路运到欧洲；空格后一句有but转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难了。因此，本句必须要起承上启下的作用，只有E项符合。3选F本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。设空处解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，因为他们相信通过这条线，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道。4选D空格前一句谈到迪亚士已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到了海上风暴，本句接上文，在他们回航的时候，他们看见了一块突出在海上的陆地。D项中的“return”与空格前一句中的“made him turn back”刚好呼应，因此选D。5选A空格前一句谈到在1497年，航海家达伽马绕过好望角到达了印度洋，只有A项能接上这个句子的意义。A项中的“the next year”与空格前一句的“in 1497”存在先后关系，也暗示了答案。