1、A Lesson in a Lab第一课时学习目标功能Using sequence（运用先后顺序）first, then, next, after that, lastly句型1The earth is forty-nine times larger than the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。2Two-thirds of the earths surface is water.地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖。3It is hard to think of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。4Below is a description of a si
2、mple scientific experiment.下面是一个简单的科学实验的描述。5The closer you are, the more youll see.你靠得越近，看得就越多。语法倍数表示法、比较级写作Describing a simple scientific experiment（描述一项简单的科学实验）考点分数表达法（2011四川高考，18）；it作形式主语（2011江苏高考，26）；倍数关系（2011陕西高考，17）；in return（2010江西高考，29）；be supposed to（2011辽宁高考，22）自主梳理：课标单词1_vi.膨胀_n.膨胀；扩张2_n.
3、混合物_v.使混合3_n.结论_vt. 断定4_n.目标；目的_adj.没目标的，没目的的5_n.反应_vi.反应；作出反应_n.反应物6_n.设备；装备_vt.装备，配备7_adj.部分的；局部的_n.部分；vi.&vt. 分开8_n.天平_adj.均衡的9_vi.溶解；分解；分离_adj.可溶解的10_adj.吃惊的；惊愕的_n.惊讶_vt.使吃惊，使惊讶重点领悟：u 重点短语英汉互译1与发生反应_ 2找出_3去吧，进行吧_ 4应该_5过去（常常）_ 6keep .out of ._7think highly of_ 8out of order_9in turns_ 10with the
4、aim of_u 重点句型1Twothirds of the earths surface _water.地球表面的三分之二是水。2_ _ _ _with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom.下面是一个表格，列于顶部的金属反应最强烈，下部的则最弱。3The closer you are, _ _youll see.你靠得越近，看到的就越多。4In the last twenty years, seven Canadian scientists_ _the Nob
5、el Prize!在过去的二十年里，七位加拿大科学家获得了诺贝尔奖！答案：1expand；expansion2mixture；mix3conclusion；conclude4aim；aimless5reaction；react；reactant6equipment；equip7partial；part8balance；balanced9dissolve；dissolvable10astonished；astonishment；astonish1react with .2find out3go ahead4be supposed to5used to6防止进入 7高度赞扬8出故障9轮流10带有的
6、目的1is2Here is a table3the more4have won探究提升&巩固训练：Language Points1When you heat a metal, it expands.（P41）当你给金属加热时，金属就会膨胀。expand vi.膨胀；张开；展开；扩大 vt.扩张；扩展Expand this sentence into a paragraph.把这个句子扩展成一段文字。China is ready to expand cooperation with Greece and help the country through its current difficult
7、ies.中国愿扩大与希腊的合作，帮助该国度过目前的困境。expand .into .把扩展成expand on/upon sth.详述某事；充分叙述某事expansion n.扩张；膨胀；扩大expanded adj. 膨胀的；扩大的（1）根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词His company_（扩大）into a big one.You mentioned the need for funds.Would you_ _（详细）that?（2）单项选择（2010湖北孝感高一下期末）To the surprise of many people, in ten years the citys pop
8、ulation _ by 12%.A gained B expanded C developed D spread2Twothirds of the earths surface is water.（P41）地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖。分数作主语Onethird of the students dont know the answer to the question.三分之一的学生不知道这个问题的答案。 Onethird of ones life is spent on the bed.人一生的三分之一是在床上度过的。 分数或百分数population作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。Twoth
9、irds of the population in that country are peasants.那个国家三分之二的人口是农民。half, quarter, most, percent, rest 等词作主语时，谓语动词和这些词之后的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。Most of the water was used by Mary，the rest of it was used by me.大部分的水被玛丽用了，我用了剩下的那部分。温馨提示：在英语中，表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词加s。有时在分子和分母之间加上连字符“”。一些特殊分数的表达：1/
10、2a/one half；1/4a/one quarter或a/one fourth；3/4threequarters或threefourths（1）单句改错30% of the male population suffers from heart disease._（2）单项选择（2012黑龙江大庆铁人中学高一上期中）_of the earths surface_covered with water.A Twothird ， is B Twothird，areC Twothirds， is D Twothirds，are3conclusion n.结论（P44）What led you to
11、this conclusion?你是如何得出这个结论的？They came to the conclusion that someone had broken into the room and stolen something important.他们得出的结论是有人闯入房间偷走了重要的东西。conclude v.（使）结束；推断出in conclusion 最后；总而言之arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论make a conclusion 下结论（1）根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。These are the reports_ _（
12、主要结论）This lesson_ _（结束）with an English song.He_ _ _（结束讲话）by wishing us all a safe trip home._ _（总之）, Id like to say how much Ive enjoyed staying here.（2）单项选择（2012重庆一中高一上期中）The_，I think, he drew from the simple experiment is not scientific.A attention B conclusion C promise D relation4aim n.目标；目的（P44
13、）The aim of the course is to improve students reading skills.这门课程的目标是提高学生的阅读技巧。aim vi. 对准目标；打算aim at sth./doing sth.瞄准；旨在I at the target but hit the wall.我瞄准了目标射击，但却打在了墙上。aim to do sth.旨在做某事；打算做某事He to be a successful writer.他的目标是成为一个成功的作家。with the aim of .带着的目的；为了take aim at sb./sth.针对某人/某物without
14、aim无目的地图示：（1）根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词My sister_ _（打算） take part in “Happy Girls” this year.This antismoking organization _ _ _（旨在） young teenagers.We visit schools_ _ _ _（目的是） getting young people interested in the theatre（戏剧）2）单项选择（2010上海闸北区高三模拟）In the near future, China will increase the supply of smaller
15、houses, _ to help lowincome families to buy houses of their own.A aimsB being aimed C aiming D having aimed5It is hard to think of a world without metals.（P44）很难想象一个没有金属的世界。当动词不定式、动名词和that引导的主语从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于句末。It is important to master one or two foreign languages.掌握一两门外语很重要。It is no goo
16、d reading in the dim light.在暗光下读书没有好处。It is not polite for you to enter others room without knocking at the door.你不敲门就走进别人的房间是不礼貌的。It isadj.for sb. to do sth.“某人干某事是”，该句式中，作表语的形容词用于说明不定式行为的性质和特点，常见的有easy, important, difficult, necessary等。It is possible for me to finish it by myself.对于我来说独自完成它是可能的。It
17、 isadj.of sb. to do sth.“某人干某事是”，该句式中，作表语的形容词用于描述不定式的逻辑主语的品行或性格，常见的有kind, nice, good, honest, careful, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, rude等。It is very nice of you to help me.你真好，这么帮我。（1）单句改错It is important of us to learn English well._（2）单项选择（2010湖南株洲二中高一下期中）_ is important to know how to get on with
18、 others when you grow up.A ThisB ItC HeD She6The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.（P44）金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。（1）reaction n 反应They are studying reactions between iron and water.react vt. 反应How do acids react with metals?酸与金属怎样发生反应？You never know how he is going to react.你根
19、本不知道他会作何反应。react with“与发生反应”，指两者之间相互起作用React to“对作出反应”，是单方面的React against反对；反抗（2）put .in order 把整理有序Put everything in order before you leave the room.在你离开房间前把所有的东西都整理好。Printed material was put in order.印刷材料是按顺序排列的。out of order（机器或设备等）发生故障，失灵；安排不当keep order 维持秩序give an order 发出命令in order井然有序；按顺序；处于良好
20、状态1）用所给短语的正确形式填空。react to，react with，react againstHow did they_your suggestion?Iron_water and air to produce rust.Many young people_traditional values.2）单项选择All the things in the room were _，but she quickly _them_.A in order； put； in order B on order； place； in orderC out of order； put； in order D b
21、y order； place； in order7The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.（P45）放有普通水的试管里的铁钉子生锈了。ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的Housing prices in Beijing are out of reach for ordinary people.北京的房价不是普通人能支付得起的。What is ordinary in one country may be strange in another.在一个国家很平常的事，在另一个国家可能很新奇。ordinary, common, usual与
22、normalordinary意为“普通的，平常的，平凡的”，指惯常或正常的，强调无特殊之处，有“平淡无奇”的意思，与special 相对。Although he is rich, he is always in ordinary dress.尽管他富有，但是他着装朴素。common指最常发生，并且是“熟悉的，常见的，共有的”事情，强调普遍的，司空见惯的，与rare相对。Snow is common in cold countries.在寒冷的国家，雪是常见的。usual意为“通常的，惯例的”，强调依照某人的常例来判断，有“遵循常规”之意。He arrived later than usual.
23、他比平时来得晚些。normal意为“正常的，合乎标准的”，强调的是在正常情况下应有的。Her temperature is normal.她的体温正常。（1）用ordinary, common, usual或normal填空Whoever has_sense（常识）knows that smoking is harmful to peoples health.Last Sunday, he went to work as_（像平常一样）Im looking for something a little more out of the _.It is known that a persons_t
24、emperature（正常体温）is about 37C.（2）单项选择（2011福建漳州三中高一上期中）Where shall we meet, Mark?At the _ place where we play football, OK?AordinaryBstrange Cusual Dnormal（2010黑龙江哈师大附中高一期中）The policemen in _ clothes are searching for the pickpockets in the railway station.Anormal Busual Ccommon Dordinary8You add oil
25、to the water because this keeps air out of it.（P46）你把油加入水中，因为这样做可以防止空气进入水。add .to .把添加到Please add my name to the list.请把我的名字加到名单上。add to增加，添加Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.烟火使节日之夜更加迷人。add up把加起来add up to总共是，合计达图示：（1）用add to, add up或add up to的正确形式填空。To everyones surprise, his
26、 money in the bag, _more than 10, 000 dollars, belongs to the poor man.Dont join them.Your turning up cant help but_their sorrow.（2）单项选择（2012浙江衢州高级中学高一上期中）Please have all the numbers_to see how much they_.Aadd；add upBadded to；add upCadd up；add up to Dadded up；add up to9Its your turn.（P48）Its your tu
27、rn相当于Youre next, 意为“该你了，轮到你了”。Its your turn.Go ahead.轮到你了。开始吧。Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事I think its your turn to drive the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到你们开车送孩子们上学了。轮流做某事in turn依次地；相应地by turns轮流地，交替地 单项选择（2011河北保定十二县高一下期中联考）We usually take turns_the cleaning, and today it is my turn_it.Ato do
28、；doingBdo；do Cdone；doing Dto do；to do10Then put the crucible on the balance and weigh it.（P48）然后把坩埚放到天平上称重。balance n. C天平；U均衡，平衡v. 权衡；（使）平衡Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation.尽量保持工作与休闲均衡。Riders need a good sense of balance.骑车的人要有良好的平衡感。You must balance the advantages against the disadv
29、antages.你必须权衡得失。keep ones balance 保持平衡I struggled to keep my balance on my new skates.穿着新溜冰鞋，我努力保持着平衡。lose ones balance 失去平衡in the balance 悬而未决the balance of nature 生态平衡on balance 总的说来（1）根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。She cycled round the corner, _ _ _（失去平衡）and fell off.The future of the project is_ _ _（未定）Its dif
30、ficult to_ _ _（保持平衡）on an icy pavement.（2）单项选择（2010湖北孝感高一下“94”联合体期中）They work well togetherher steadiness（稳健）acts as a（n）_ to his clever but often impractical ideas.Aaward Bbelief Cbalance Dcontrary11I never used to enjoy science, but last year I changed schools, and the science teachers at my new s
31、chool are excellent.（P49，Para.1）我以前从来就不喜欢科学，但是去年我换了学校，新学校里的科学老师非常好。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，强调现在不再这样做。used to do .的否定式为used not to do .，可缩写为usednt to do，口语中也可用didnt use to do .。We used to go there every year.过去我们每年都去那儿。He is not what he used to be.他今非昔比了。Taking music lessons used to be nearly impo
32、ssible for the average school students in the countryside in Sichuan Province.以前，四川省乡下普通学校的学生上音乐课几乎是不可能的。be/get used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于做某事there used to be . 过去常常有be used to do .被用来做used to与would（1）used to强调过去经常性或习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了，暗含今昔对比。（2）would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，不表示今昔对比。（1）根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
33、The boy_ _ _ _（过去常常迟到）for school.There used to be a big building here, _ _（不是么）?I found the job tiring at first but I soon_ _ _（习惯）it.Bamboo（竹子）can_ _ _build houses.2）单项选择（2011湖南浏阳一中高一下阶段性测试）We have been studying in No.1 Middle School of Liuyang for more than one month.Now we_our new school life.Abe
34、 used to B used to Cis used to Dare used to（2010河北行唐一中高一上月考）He has got used to the school life, _？Ahasnt he Bhas he Cusednt he Ddidnt he12In the last twenty years, seven Canadian scientists have won the Nobel Prize！（P49, Para.1）在过去的二十年里，七位加拿大科学家获得了诺贝尔奖！in the last/past/recent一段时间，也常和现在完成时连用。这个句子还可以表
35、达为：The last twenty years have seen seven Canadian scientists win the Nobel Prize!In the past thirty years, great changes have taken place in China.过去三十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。单项选择（2012甘肃嘉峪关一中高一上期中）A lot of tall buildings_in Shanghai in the past three years.Ahave set up Bhave been set up Cset up Dwere being se
36、t up13The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize there is, so we should be very proud of that.（P49, Para.1）诺贝尔奖是目前科学方面的最高奖，因此我们为此感到骄傲。be proud of为感到骄傲/自豪I am proud of being a Chinese.作为一名中国人我感到骄傲。Your achievements are something to be proud of.你的成就是值得骄傲的。be proud to do自豪/骄傲做某事be proud that对感到自豪t
37、ake pride in为感到骄傲/自豪1）句型转换She is proud of doing the job well.She _ _ _ doing the job well.2）单项选择（2012辽宁沈阳四校协作体高一上期中）We Chinese are proud_the great success_the area of science and technology.Aof；in Bby；on Cwith；on Dfor；in14Im going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University, as both are sup
38、posed to have good Physics Departments.（P49, Para.2）我打算上蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学，因为两个（大学）都有不错的物理系。be supposed to do 理应；应当You are supposed to finish your homework in thirty minutes.你们应该在30分钟之内完成作业。He is supposed to be reading newspapers now.他现在应该在看报纸。Your father is supposed to have returned home now.你爸爸现在应该已经回家了
39、。（1）单句改错I suppose he will not agree._（2）单项选择（2011湖南长沙长铁一中高一上期中）I havent seen it myself, but it _ to be a good film.Ais supposed Bis supposing Csupposes Dsupposed答案：即学即练：1（1）expandedexpand on（2）B提示：expand“扩大，扩展”，符合题意。gain“获得，赢得”；develop“发展”；spread“传播”。句意为：使很多人感到惊奇的是十年里这个城市的人口增加了12%。2（1）sufferssuffer（
40、2）C提示：在分数的表达法中，分子为基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于1时分母要加s；分数在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数所修饰的名词有关。3（1）main conclusionswas concludedconcluded his speechIn conclusion（2）B提示：句意为：我认为他从这个简单的实验中得出的结论不科学。draw a conclusion“得出结论”。4（1）aims tois aimed atwith the aim of（2）C提示：aim与句子的主语China之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用v.ing形式作状语。句意是：在不远的将来，中国将增加小型住房的供
41、应，旨在帮助低收入家庭购买自己的住房。5（1）offor（2）B提示：it在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语为to know how to get on with others when you grow up。句意：你长大后就知道和别人和睦相处是重要的。6（1）react toreacts withreact against（2）C提示：out of order“杂乱无章”；put sth. in order“把整理有序”。7（1）commonusualordinarynormal（2）C提示：usual“通常的，惯例的”，符合题意。ordinary“普通的”；strange“奇怪的”；norm
42、al“合乎标准的”。D提示：ordinary“普通的”，符合题意。normal“合乎标准的”；usual“惯例的”；common“常见的”。句意为：穿着便衣的警察正在火车站搜寻扒手。8（1）adding up toadd to（2）D提示：add up“把加起来”；add up to“总共是”。句意为：请把这些数字加起来，看看总数是多少。9D提示：its ones turn to do sth.“轮到某人做某事”；take turns to do sth.“轮流做某事”。句意为：我们经常轮流打扫卫生，今天轮到我打扫了。10（1）lost her balancein the balancekee
43、p ones balance（2）C提示：balance“均衡，平衡”，符合题意。award“奖品”；belief“信念”；contrary“相反”。句意为：他们在一起工作很好她的稳重与他聪明的但又经常不切实际的想法正好均衡。11（1）used to be latedidnt/usednt theregot used tobe used to（2）D提示：句意为：我们已经在浏阳一中学习了一个多月了，我们现在已习惯了新学校的生活了。be used to sth.“习惯于某事”。A提示：根据句子的时态来确定问句部分，C、D两项是used to do 的反问句形式。12B提示：“in the las
44、t/past一段时间”作状语时，句子的时态用现在完成时，又因是被动关系，故选B项。13（1）takes pride in（2）A提示：句意为：我们中国人因在科技方面的成就而感到自豪。be proud of“为而自豪”。14（1）not提前到I之后改为dont，要构成否定前移结构。（2）A提示：be supposed to do sth.“理应干某事”。句意：我没有亲自看过这部电影，但应该是一部好电影。知识网络：Grammar倍数表达法及形容词、副词的比较级 倍数表达法倍数表达法是高考的热点，英语中有多种倍数表达法。当我们要表达A是B的几倍时，常用下列三个句型来表示。1倍数形容词(副词)比较级t
45、han .This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。This car runs twice faster than that truck.这辆轿车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。2倍数as形容词(副词)原级as .The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍。The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.飞机的飞行高度是风筝的十倍。3倍数the名词（size, height, length, width）of .Thi
46、s street is four times the length of that one.This street is four times as long as that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。Ive paid five times the usual price for the stamp.我出了往常价格的五倍买了这枚邮票。4倍数表达法的三种变体：（1）There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。There are three times as many st
47、udents as we expected.到场的学生数是我们预计的三倍。（2）倍数that of .The height of the big tree is twice that of the small one.The big tree is twice as high as the small one.The big tree is twice the height of the small one.这棵大树的高度是那棵小树的两倍。（3）倍数what从句The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十
48、年前的三倍。The price of the meat is twice what it was last year.肉价是去年的两倍。形容词、副词的比较级1同程度级的比较，用as .as, the same as，such .as。Henry is as good a worker as Peter（is）Henry is such a good worker as Peter（is）亨利和彼得一样，是一名好工人。Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的那么多。His coat is the same as his bro
49、thers.他的大衣和他哥哥的一样。2the比较级，the比较级The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，赚的钱就越多。3比较的对象不能相互包容，注意：比较级thanChina is larger than4用介词by表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英寸。5比较级and比较级，表示“越来越”。The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.这座新城市变得越来越漂亮。6the比较级of the tw
50、o名词表示“两个中较的一个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.这两个男孩中较高的那个是我的兄弟。7常见的修饰比较级的修饰语有rather, much, still, even, far, any（用于否定句或疑问句），a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。修饰最高级的词有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like等。Id like to buy the nearly most expensi
51、ve camera.我想买几乎是最贵的那台照相机。8注意比较结构中的省略现象。在日常交际中，双方都明白的比较对象往往省略。What do you think of the film?I have never seen a better one.（后边省略了than this film）Toms composition, if not better than, is at least as good as Jacks.（后边省略了composition）9貌似比较级的一些固定习惯用语。（1）more B than A 与其说A不如说BHe is more lazy than slow at hi
52、s work.在工作中，与其说他动作迟缓，不如说他懒惰。（2）more than不只是；非常She is more than kind to us all.她对我们都非常友好。（3）no more thanonly仅仅，只有not more thanat most 至多，不多于【即学即练】 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。1. Debbie长得很快，她个子越来越高。Debbie is growing fast. Shes getting _ _ _. 2. 我们图书馆藏书的数量是你们图书馆的四倍。The books in our library are _ _ _ than those i
53、n yours3. 这本词典的厚度比你从图书馆借的那本厚4倍。This dictionary is _ _ _ _ as the one you borrowed from the library.4. 地球的体积是月球的49倍。The earth is 49 times _ _ _ the moon.5. 天气越暖和，我感到越舒服。_ _ the weather is, _ _ I feel.参考答案1. taller and taller 2. four times more 3. four times as thick 4. the size of 5. The warmer; the betters written some short stories, but he is known for his plays.