1、课时作业(二)Unit 1Section Learning About Language.阅读理解ADonna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Grard Mourou. Its the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female phy
2、sicistspast and presentwho actually deserve the prize. Jocelyn Bell Burnell Perhaps the most famous snub (冷落): thenstudent Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her m
3、ale supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a 2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help underrepresented students, she joked to The Guardian, “I feel Ive done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize.” Lene Hau Hau is bestknown for leading the research team at Harvard Univers
4、ity in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2020 be Haus year? Vera Rubin Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from
5、the committee. ChienShiung Wu Wus “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity”. Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study. Lise Meitner Meitner led groundbreaking
6、work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male colead, Otto Hahn.1When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel? AIn 1944. BIn 1967. CIn 1974. DIn 1980.2Which woman is most likely to
7、win a Nobel Prize later according to the text? ADonna Strickland. BJocelyn Bell Burnell. CLene Hau. DVera Rubin.3What do we know about the five females? AThe five female scientists did well in chemistry. BVera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry. CLise Meitners teacher won a Nobel Prize for
8、her work. DThe five female scientists havent been awarded Nobel Prize.B Every summer, my family and I visit our relatives in India and whenever we travel, my parents always remind me to drink only bottled or boiled water. On one of my trips to India, I saw children drinking water from the roadside.
9、I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countries, die each year because of waterrelated diseases. Living in the US, I am lucky to be able to turn on the tap and get potable water (饮用水), while one sixth of the worlds population lacks access to clean water
10、. This year, I entered the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In late June, I learnt that I was selected as one of the top 10 national finalists of this famous middle school science competition. Over the summer, I worked with Dr Jim Jonza, my scientist mentor (导师) from 3M, and develop
11、ed a system that uses solar energy to purify water. My invention is green and costeffective, and I am looking forward to implementing this in places that are affected by harmful water pollution.In October, my family and I flew to 3M headquarters in St Paul, Minnesota, where the final event was to be
12、 held. For the last challenge, each of us had to present the invention we had been working on over the summer. The first place winner would win $25,000, a trip to Costa Rica, and the title of Americas Top Young Scientist. At the awards ceremony, all of us waited anxiously until one of the judges, Da
13、nny Forester, started announcing “The winner of the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge is.” You could hear a pin (大头针) drop as he opened the paper with the winners name, “Deepika Kurup！” As Americas Top Young Scientist, I was given an opportunity to show my invention on national televi
14、sion and deliver several presentations. One of the most important things I have learnt is that communication and teamwork are key to success.4Why does the author mention her visits to India?ATo express her great love for India. BTo show the problem of unclean water.CTo explain the importance of rela
15、tives. DTo compare eastern and western cultures.5Which of the following can replace the underlined word “implementing” in Paragraph 2?AResearching. BChanging. CFinishing. DUsing.6How did the audience react as Forester opened the paper with the winners name?AThey appeared calm. BThey let out shouts o
16、f joy.CThey sat quietly. DThey dropped pins to the author.7How is the text mainly organised?AIn order of time. BIn order of complexity (复杂性)CIn order of place. DIn order of importance.七选五 Wilma Rudolph was born into a very poor family in the Backwoods of Tennessee. At four a severe disease left her
17、with a useless left leg. She had to wear an iron leg brace. _1_ Her mother told her that despite the leg brace, she could do whatever she wanted to do. So at nine, Wilma removed the leg brace and took the step the doctors told her she would never take normally. Then this girl wished that she would l
18、ike to be the worlds greatest woman runner. At 13, she entered a race. She came in last. _2_ Everyone begged her to quit! However, one day, she came in next to last.And then there came a day when she won a race. _3_ Wilma went to Tennessee State University, where she met a coach named Ed Temple. Coa
19、ch Temple saw the indomitable spirit of the girl, and trained her so well that she went to the Olympic Games. There she competed against the greatest woman runner of the day, a German girl named Jutta Heine. _4_ But in the 100meter dash, Wilma Rudolph won. She beat Jutta again in the 200meter race.
20、Finally came the 400meter relay. _5_ The first two runners on Wilmas team made perfect handoffs with the baton (棒). But when the third runner handed the baton to Wilma, she was so excited that she dropped it, and Wilma saw Jutta taking off down the track. It was impossible that anybody could catch t
21、his girl. But Wilma did just that!ANobody had ever beaten Jutta.BThe little girl had great natural talent.CIt would be Wilma against Jutta once again.DNobody believed she could succeed with a leg like that.EYet she was fortunate in having a mother who encouraged her.FFrom then on, Wilma Rudolph won
22、every race that she entered.GShe entered every race in high school, and in every race she came in last.课时作业(二).阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五位开创性的女物理学家，她们在科学研究方面作出了巨大贡献，她们应该获诺贝尔奖但由于种种原因而未能获得。1答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据Jocelyn Bell Burnell段落中的thenstudent Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was
23、 a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974，可知射电脉冲星(radio pulsars)最初在1967年被发现，其发现被授予诺贝尔奖是在1974年。故选C项。2答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据Lene Hau段落中的Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists，可知莱娜豪经常位居诺贝尔奖预测名单榜首，她最有可能获诺贝尔奖。故选C项。3答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第一段总述中Its the first time in
24、 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists past and present who actually deserve the prize.可知唐娜斯特里克兰是五十五年来第一个获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性，而文中介绍的五位女科学家都应该获得这个奖，但由于各种原因未能获奖。故选D项。B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者去印度时发现那里的人们缺乏清洁的饮用水，由此得到启发，回国后参加了探索教
25、育3M青年科学家挑战赛，有机会与吉姆琼扎博士合作，开发了一个利用太阳能的净水系统。作者凭自己的发明在决赛中获奖，荣获“美国顶尖青年科学家”的称号。4答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countries, die each year because of waterrelated diseases.可知，作者提到自己去印度的经历是为了说明人们缺乏清洁水的问题。故选B项。5答案与解析：D词义猜测题。根据My invent
26、ion is green and costeffective可知作者有了某项发明，再由画线词后的内容可知作者希望自己的发明用到有水污染的地方，故implementing是“应用”的意思。6答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据You could hear a pin drop as he opened the paper with the winners name可知，宣布获奖名单时，你甚至可以听到大头针落地的声音。由此可知，观众都非常安静地坐着，故选C项。7答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者主要按时间顺序回顾了自己在探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛中夺冠的经历。故选A项。.七选五【语篇解读】威
27、尔玛鲁道夫在小时候曾经得过重病，左腿失去功能。但她最终战胜了疾病，成为奥运会历史上最伟大的女子短跑运动员之一。1答案与解析：E根据空格后句可知，她的妈妈鼓励她。故E项符合语境。2答案与解析：G根据下文的“大家都让她放弃”可知，她一开始跑得不好。G项“她参加了高中的每一场比赛，每次都是最后一名”符合语境。3答案与解析：F上文提到“后来有一天她赢得了比赛”。F项“从那时起，威尔玛鲁道夫每次都赢得比赛”可承接上文。4答案与解析：A根据下文的“但是在100米短跑中威尔玛鲁道夫赢了”可知，所填的句子和下文是转折关系，A项“没有人能战胜尤塔”符合语境。5答案与解析：C根据下文可知，在400米接力赛中，威尔玛和尤塔仍然是对手。C项“又是威尔玛和尤塔在此角逐”可引出下文内容。