1、第十二节派生词考点一 常见的前缀及派生词PrefixMeaningExamplea有in，on，at，by，with，to等含义alone单独；asleep在熟睡中的ab离去，反常abuse滥用；abnormal不正常的anti反(抗)，防antifreeze防冻；antiwar反战的bi双；重bicycle自行车；bimonthly双月刊co共同，相互cooperation合作；coexist共存；coeditor合编者com共同，相互compress压缩；composition作品，创作dis不，相反；除去，毁；分开dislike不喜欢；discover发现en放进，饰以，使，使成enri
2、ch使变富；enable使能够ex前任，以前的exwife前妻；expresident前总裁extra超过，在以外extraordinary非常的，非凡的fore前，先，预forehead前额；foretell预言il不，无，非illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的im(用在b，m，p前)不，无；向内import进口；impossible不可能的in不，无，非；向内incomplete不完全的；inactive不积极的；income收入inter在之间(之际)，互相international国际的；interchange交换；interview面试，采访ir(用在r之前不，无；向内
3、)irreligious无宗教信仰的；irregular不规则的micro微microwave微波炉；microcomputer微型电脑mid中部midnight半夜；middle中间的；midterm期中mini小，微minibus小型公共汽车；miniskirt超短裙mis误，恶，不misfortune不幸；mistrust不信任multi多multicultural多元文化的；multicoloured多色的non不，无，非nonsmoker不抽烟的人out胜过；过分；在外outdoor户外的；outstanding杰出的over过度，在外，颠倒等overwork劳累过度；overcoa
4、t外套post后postwar战后；postmodern后现代主义的pre前，先prearranged预先安排的；prehistoric史前的re再，重，又；相反；回reaction反应；return返回self自己selfdefence自卫；selftaught自修的step后，继stepfather继父；stepmother继母sub在下面；亚于；次于subway地铁；subtitle副标题super上，超superpower超级大国；supermarket超市trans横过，超越，变换transnational跨国的；transform改变tele远(程)television电视；tel
5、escope望远镜tri三(个)triangle三角形；tricycle三轮脚踏车un不，无，非，未unfriendly不友好的；untie解开，解决vice副vicechairman副主席；vicepresident副总统考点二 常见的后缀及派生词1名词后缀suffixMeaningExampleal表示过程或状态removal移动；arrival到达(i)an来自；专长于的人musician音乐家；Egyptian埃及人ance表状态，行为appearance外表；acceptance接受；reliance依靠ant ent人，物servant仆人；inhabitant居民，栖居动物ar
6、er人，物beggar乞讨者；murderer杀人犯；recorder录音机(t)ion ation表状态，动作过程，行为suggestion建议；graduation毕业；liberation解放；expression表达dom身份，领域freedom自由；wisdom智慧ee人，物employee被雇用者；refugee难民ence性质，状态，行为difference区别；confidence自信；dependence依靠ess表女性，雌性hostess女主人；actress女演员；tigress母老虎ful充满basketful满篮；mouthful满嘴；houseful一屋子hood性
7、质，身份，状态，时期childhood儿童时代；neighbourhood附近ism宗教，风格，主义heroism英雄气概；communism共产主义；socialism社会主义者ist人，主义者novelist小说家，socialist社会主义ity性质，状态reality现实，ability能力；equality平等ment行为，物，组织，运动，结果disappointment失望；movement运动；agreement协议ness性质，状态kindness仁慈；tiredness疲劳or人，物visitor参观者；actor男演员ship性质，身份，资格hardship艰苦；leade
8、rship领导身份；friendship友谊sion行为，状态conclusion结论；tension紧张ure行为，状态exposure暴露；failure失败th结果，过程，性质，状态truth真理；youth青春；growth生长；warmth温暖age集合，地点，结果storage储藏；shortage短缺；marriage婚姻2.形容词后缀SuffixMeaningExampleable ible ble可的，能的acceptable可接受的；reasonable合情合理的；comfortable舒适的(u)al属于的，具有属性equal平等的；national国家的；chemica
9、l化学的an(地，人)的republican共和国的；European欧洲人的ary的imaginary想象的；revolutionary革命的ative的creative有创造性的；qualitative质量的ed(具)有的(特征)determined坚定的；learned博学的；aged年老的ent的frequent经常的；silent沉默的；diligent勤奋的ese(地，人)的Chinese中国(人)的；Japanese日本(人)的ern表示方向eastern东方的；southern南方的en的golden金色的；wooden木制的；woolen羊毛的ic与有关的realistic现
10、实的；energetic精力充足的ing具有(特征)的boring令人厌烦的；frightening令人害怕的ish近乎的，如的childish孩子气的；foolish愚蠢的；selfish自私的ive与有关的，有倾向的，有特性的expensive昂贵的；effective有效的；decisive决定性的ful满的；有性质的，引起的faithful信任的；powerful强大的；cheerful愉快的less无的；不的homeless无家可归的；sleepless失眠的；careless粗心的ous多的，有特性的various各种各样的；humorous幽默的；dangerous危险的ly品质
11、的，每的friendly友好的；motherly母亲般的；weekly每周的ward向的backward向后的；forward向前的y多的；有的；如的cloudy多云的；funny有趣的；lucky运气好的3.副词后缀SuffixMeaningExamplely地，状态，程度，方式extremely非常；slowly慢慢地；happily高兴地s时间，地点，状态outdoors在户外；indoors在室内ward(s)方向afterward(s)后来；outwards向外；downwards向下4.动词后缀SuffixMeaningExampleen使变成sharpen削尖；broaden加宽
12、；strengthen加强；deepen加深fy使化simplify简化；beautify美化；purify净化；horrify使恐怖ize使化modernize使现代化；realize实现；mechanize使机械化注意：一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，加后缀改变词性。本节小结在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3 000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。针对训练.完成句子用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1I was supposed to arrive
13、 at the airport on time._ (fortunate)，I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.【答案】Unfortunately2Therefore，when they become older they are _(able) to do any other kind of work.【答案】unable3Very early the next morning，amazingly，we got completely satisfied in a totally_ (expect) way.【答案】unexpected4I wont
14、do the purchase because the price of this dress is _ (reason)【答案】unreasonable5Job _ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time.【答案】applicants6All facts are the source of _ (conclude)【答案】conclusions7However，most _ (science) agree that
15、 EQ has a lot to do with _(educate)【答案】scientists；education8Excellent oral and written _ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of _ (important)【答案】communication；importance9Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _ (require)【答案】requirement10It is your _ (free) to do what y
16、ou want after class.【答案】freedom11As is known to us all，the Entrance Exam is a great _，and the students are _ (compete)【答案】competition；competitors12I am _ (grate) to you for your help.【答案】grateful13He gave me some _ (construct) suggestions.【答案】constructive14A jurys decision in a court case must be ab
17、solutely _ (object)【答案】objective15He devoted much money to building schools in _ (mountain) areas.【答案】mountainous.语篇填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，使用括号中词语的正确形式填空It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1._(earn) could hardly cover the expenses，so when his wife gave 2.
18、_(bear) to their second daughter，they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon，poor nutrition caused the 3._(die) of the poor baby.4._(lonely) was another problem because they had no 5._(relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6._(brave) and 7._(persevere)，he managed to gain the 8._(citizen) of th
19、e United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. _(settle)He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10._(happy) and success.【答案】1.earnings2.birth3.death4.Loneliness5relations6.bravery7.perseverance8.citizenship9settlement10.happiness综合演练语法填空根据单词提示，用单词的相应词性变化完成下列短文Sixtysix p
20、ercent of 15to 25yearolds in China say they are happy，according to a survey of global youth 1._(happy)conducted in 14 countries.The survey shows young people worldwide are 2._ (happy) when they are on vacation，being challenged，or achieving something.The 3._(young)in the US，for example，said they were
21、 happiest between 8 and 10 pm on Saturdays in July，enjoying good 4._(musician) or spending time with friends and family.According to study author Joeri Van Den Bergh，young people dont just want to impress their friends.Todays youth want to accomplish something in life，whether this means big 5._ (acc
22、omplish)like doing well in an important exam or finding a good job，or small things like making a delicious dinner.The survey also shows higher happiness in 6._ (develop)countriesBrazil，India and China all ranked 7._(high)Young people in these countries might realize they are better off than their pa
23、rents in the improving 8._(economy) environment.However，Christine Carter，sociologist and happiness expert at the University of California.Berkeley，noted that many young people still do not feel happy because they are under so much 9._(press) to achieve.Carter said research shows people of all ages and cultures link happiness to a sense of gratitude，10._ (generous)，compassion and social ties.【答案】1.happiness2.happiest3.youth4.music5accomplishments6.developing7.highly8.economic 9pressure10.generosity