1、第十讲并列句和状语从句(一)并 列 句考点祈使句and/or/otherwise句式1(2011湖北高考)_and youll find the purple one is softer.(compare)比较这两把牙刷，你就会发现紫色的那把要柔和一些。答案：Compare the two toothbrushes2(2014武昌调研)Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, _.(have)在你关闭所有的程序之前不要关掉电脑，否则可能会出现问题。答案：or/otherwise you could have problems
2、(二)状 语 从 句考点一时间状语从句1(2013湖北高考)I dont often lose things, so I was quite surprised _ my wallet and found it wasnt there.(reach)我不常丢东西，所以当我拿钱包却发现钱包不在时，大吃一惊。答案：when I reached for2(湖北高考)Such knowledge is still useful _ to similar situations in other countries.(when)当应用到其他国家的类似情形时，这样的知识依然有用。答案：when (it is
3、) applied考点二地点状语从句3As a policeman I find _， drugs are always behind it.(violence)作为一名警察，我发现，哪里有暴力，其背后总是有毒品。答案：where there is violence考点三条件状语从句4_ tomorrow, all the students wont take part in the sports game held by our school.(rain)如果明天下雨，所有的学生都不会参加学校举行的体育活动。答案：If it rains5What if we _ with us? (take
4、)如果我们忘了带伞怎么办？答案：forget to take an umbrella考点四让步状语从句6(湖北高考)However _， I could not read his handwriting.(try)不论我怎样努力，还是无法认清他写的字。答案：hard I tried7(2014荆州调研)One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ is in life.(full)一个人不论他生活中的日程有多么满，总是能设法做更多的事情。答案：how full his schedule考点五原因状语从句8(2014宜昌调研)Mark
5、needs to learn Chinese _ a branch in Beijing.(since)马克需要学汉语，因为他的公司在北京开了一个分公司。答案：since his company is opening考点六方式状语从句9(2014荆州调研)Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _ something very clever.(do)Jack 什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。答案：as if he had done(一)并 列 句一、并列连词At school, some st
6、udents are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.(2012四川高考)在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didnt want to spend all day with her.(2013新课标卷)很高兴又见到Jenny了，但是我不想花一整天的时间和她在一起。It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了
7、，因为到处都这么湿。Yesterday, I forgot to pick my son up, so he waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.昨天，我忘记了去接儿子，结果他在幼儿园里等了接近两个小时。Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?你是想走还是想留？1表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。2表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。3表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。4表示选择关系常用的并
8、列连词有or, either . or ., not . but, neither . nor .等。二、祈使句and/or/otherwise句式Work hard and you will succeed.If you work hard, you will succeed.努力学习，你就会成功。Hurry up or we will be late.If you dont hurry up, we will be late.快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。A few more efforts and you will succeed.If you make a few more efforts
9、, you will succeed.再努力些，你会成功的。1祈使句and陈述句If .，主句。2祈使句or陈述句If . not .，主句。(二)状 语 从 句一、时间状语从句1when, while, asNancy enjoyed herself so much when she visited her friends in Sydney last year.南希去年去悉尼看望她的朋友时玩得很开心。I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。As time goes
10、on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边(，一边)”或“随着”
11、。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。2when的特殊用法Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.(全国卷)汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.(2011浙江高考)我们正在收拾行李，这时我的
12、女儿听到求救的呼喊。He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：when还可表原因，意为“既然”。3表示“刚就，一就”的常用表达The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he s
13、aw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011辽宁高考)他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。(
14、1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when .和once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一就”。(2)no sooner . than .，hardly/scarcely . when .的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时
15、。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。4before与sinceYou must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013湖南高考)在做任何决定之前，你必须学会顾及自己的情感和理智。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(陕西高考)约翰认为他不久就会为他的新工作做好准备。It was several years before I rea
16、lized that David had lied to me.几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011四川高考)据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。(1)before表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及就，在之前”。(2)It will be一段时间before .“多久之后才”。(3)It wont be long before .“不久之后就”。(4)It was一段时间before .“过了多久才”。(5)It is一段时间since
17、.“自从多久了”。5表示“每次；下一次”的常用表达Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.下次你来这里的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。every time, each time, next time, the last time, any
18、 time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。6till, until和not . untilHave you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题做了一个小时以上的时候，我才会告诉他答案。(1)until或til
19、l表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)not . until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。二、地点状语从句A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (2012山东高考)很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。Where theres a will, theres a way.有志者事竟成。Where/Wh
20、erever theres plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。1地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。三、条件状语从句She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.(2013江西高考)她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。You can borrow my car as long as you promi
21、se not to drive too fast.(2012江西高考)只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(if . not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in
22、 case(万一), on condition that(条件是), suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。四、让步状语从句Although regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。Ill wait for you however late it is.不管有多晚我都会等着你。Many of them turned a deaf ear
23、to his advice, even though they knew it to be valuable.他们很多人不听他的意见，尽管他们知道他的意见很有价值。Much as I like it, I wont buy it.虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的。While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A(2012湖南高考)虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。引导让步状语从句的连词有：1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即
24、使)。2whether . or .(不管还是)；疑问词ever (不管；无论)，如whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等；no matter疑问词(不管；无论)。3as或though引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序。4从属连词while, when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。五、原因状语从句Mum, could I go out to play now?Let me see . Yes, since you have finished all your school assignments.妈妈，现在
25、我可以出去玩吗？让我想想，是的，既然你已经把所有的学习任务完成。Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你一定知道了。引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(既然), now that, seeing that, considering that(考虑到)。六、方式状语从句The house was greatly
26、 damaged by the truck. Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句
27、之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。七、结果状语从句Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little mo
28、ney that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so . that ., such . that .。在非正式语体中，由so .
29、that ., such . that .引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：2当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such . as to .八、目的状语从句When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father shoul
30、d see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that)/lest等。1in order that, so that两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2for fear that, in case (that)引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/le
31、st表示“以防出现某种情况”。1.(2014武汉调研)_ your children, and you will really know what they are thinking about.(try)尽力和你的孩子成为朋友，这样你会真正地知道他们在想什么。答案：Try to be friends with2In reality, it was not long _ the newlyinstalled software.(familiar)事实上，没过多久他就熟悉了新安装的软件。答案：before he got/was familiar with3_ that she had been
32、admitted into Oxford University, I sent an email to congratulate her.(moment)我一听说她被牛津大学录取的消息，就马上发电子邮件向她表示祝贺。答案：The moment I heard the news4Israel offers automatic citizenship to Jews who want it，_.(whichever)犹太人只要愿意，均可自动加入以色列国籍，不管他们说何种语言。答案：whichever language they speak5You must remind him of the de
33、adline for application，_.(forget)你一定要提醒他申请的截止日期，以免他忘记。答案：in case he forgets6_， he always tried to avoid me, pretending not to have seen me at all.(approach)不管什么时候我接近他，他总是试图躲避，假装根本就没看见我。答案：Whenever I approached him7_， we might all one day be forced to live with some disabilities.(as)尽管这件事听起来奇怪，但我们大家可
34、能有一天不得不忍受残疾。答案：Strange as it sounds8However _， his boss never seems satisfied with his work.(work)无论他怎么努力，他的老板好像总是对他的工作不满意。答案：hard he works9All the Chinese jumped with joy _ the news that Shenzhou had been sent up into space successfully.(moment) 一听到神舟十号成功发射时，所有的中国人欣喜若狂。答案：the moment they heard10So
35、many nights as you were playing cards_， and while you were still in sound sleep, I was already in the office.(bury)多少个夜晚当你们在打牌的时候我埋头工作，当你们还在呼呼大睡的时候我已经在办公室了。答案：I buried myself in work11(2014湖北七市联考) Calm down for a while _the complicated problems very soon.(simplify)冷静片刻，你很快就会将复杂的问题变简单了。答案：and you wil
36、l simplify12_， we must respect the old and love the young.(wherever)无论我们在哪里，我们必须尊老爱幼。答案：Wherever we are13People in the country could no longer bear the cruel king and _ they rose up.(it)这个国家的人民无法再忍受这个残暴的国王，没过多久，他们造反了。答案：it wasnt long before14_， Ill wait for you to have dinner together.(however)无论多么晚，我会等你一起吃饭。答案：However late it is15(2014武昌调研) Everything was placed exactly _ it for the graduation ceremony.(want)在毕业典礼上，一切东西都放在他想放的位置。答案：where he wanted