1、课时规范训练(单独成册)训练(四十六).阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。AWhen one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language，he should be able to notice a number of significant truths.The history of our language has always been a history of constant changeat times a
2、slow，almost imperceptible change，at other times a violent collision between two languages.Our language has always been a living growing organism，it has never been static.Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or
3、 group but of many.At one extreme it has been the property of the common，ignorant folk，who have used it in the daily business of their living，much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrumen
4、t and a sign of civilization，and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence，order，dignity，and if possible，a little beauty.As we consider our changing language，we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us.One is that since the time of t
5、he AngloSaxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence.AngloSaxon (old English) was a language of many inflections.Modern English has few inflections.We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey
6、the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words.Function words，you should understand，are words such as prepositions，conjunctions，and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words.A few inflections，however，have survived.And when some w
7、ord inflections come into conflict with word order，there may be trouble for the users of the language，as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or IThe second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes，our attitudes toward language forms chan
8、ge also.The eighteenth century，for example，produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew，until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and reevaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.【解题导
9、语】本文主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点，指出了古代英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家对待语言形成的态度的变化。1In contrast to the earlier linguists，modern linguists tend to .Aattempt to continue the standardization of the languageBevaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patternsCbe more concerned about the
10、improvement of the language than its analysis or historyDbe more aware of the rules of the language usage解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，现代语言学家倾向于根据人们说和写的方式评价语言实践，而不是像早期的语言学家根据一定的模式评价语言。故选B。2Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in Paragraph 2.AChanges in the forms of words.BChanges i
11、n sentence structures.CChanges in spelling rules.DWords that have similar meanings.解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“A few inflections，however，have survived.”以及后面列举的“WHO/WHOM”和“ME/I”为例说明inflection，由此可以看出inflection的意思应该是“单词的变形”。故选A。3Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?AIt is generally
12、 believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.BSome other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.CThe English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.DMany classes or groups have c
13、ontributed to the development of the English language.解析：选A。细节理解题。选项A“普遍认为1500年是现代英语的起点”在文中没有提及，故为正确答案。4The author of these paragraphs is probable a(an) .AhistorianBphilosopherCanthropologistDlinguist解析：选D。词汇推断题。文章讲述的是英语语言演进的具体细节，D项“作者很可能是一位语言学家”符合题意。5Which of the following can be best used as the t
14、itle of the passage?AThe history of the English languageBOur changing attitude towards the English languageCOur changing languageDSome characteristics of modern English解析：选C。主旨大意题。本文从各个方面谈及英语作为一种语言的发展变化，但并不是讲述英语的历史，所以选项A不对；选项B只是文章阐述的一个方面，不够全面；文章是在谈到英语的不断变化的时候谈到了现代英语的一些特点，所以选项D也只是阐述的一个方面。故选C。BIf Engl
15、ish means endless new words，difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation，you are wrong.Havent you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?According to a new study by a British university，learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain powe
16、r.Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (中枢神经系统的)灰白质)This is the area of the brain which processes (加工，处理) information.It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language.A team
17、 led by Dr Andrea Mechelli，from University College London，took a group of Britons who only spoke English.They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals ” who had learnt a second language before the age of five，as well as a number of later learners.Scans showed that grey matter density(密度) in t
18、he brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language，the smaller the difference.“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language，” said the scientists
19、.It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills.“Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible，” he said.“You are actuall
20、y going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading，writing，and comprehension were all tested.The results showed that the younger
21、they started to learn，the better.“Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world，” explained the scientists.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，属于科普类短文阅读。学英语是一件很枯燥乏味的事情吗？英语不仅仅代表了单词。近日研究人员发现，学习外语可以帮助人们更聪明，就像锻炼会促进肌肉的生长一样。6In the second paragraph，the writer mentions “exercise” in order to .Asay language is
22、also a kind of physical labourBprove that one needs more practice when he or she is learning a languageCmake people believe language learning helps grey matter work wellDto show the importance of using the language when you learn it.解析：选C。细节理解题。学习外语让脑灰质变得更好，就如同锻炼让肌肉发育一样。此处采用比较的方法进行讲述。7What change ca
23、n we get during the experience of learning a second language?AThe increase of the ability to learn.BThe development of muscles.CThe improvement of strange pronunciation.DA worse understanding of different ideas.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.”可知，学习
24、二外可以增强学习能力。8We may know from the scientific findings that .Athere is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesnt know a second languageBthe experience of learning a second language has a bad effect on peoples brainCthe ability of learning a second language is changing al
25、l the timeDthe earlier you start to learn a second language，the higher the grey matter density is解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The study also found.the younger people learn a second language.”可知，越早学习了外语就越会受益。9In the last two paragraphs，the author wants to tell us that .Alearning a second language is the same
26、as studying mathsBItalian is the best choice for you as a second languageCearly learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjectsDyoud better start to learn a second language between 2 and 34解析：选C。推理判断题。文章后两段讲了学习外语让你的脑子更聪明，因此在其他许多事情上显得更加得心应手。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词
27、)或括号内单词的正确形式。Learning to speak English well may be the best thing you can do to improve your life.Thats right.Almost all international conferences and competitions 1. (conduct) in English.Diplomats (外交官) and politicians from different countries use English to communicate with each other.If you can c
28、ommunicate in English，you can：Contact people from all over the world.Talk about your ideas and opinions on the Internet.Send emails 2. interesting people.Learn about their life and culture.Travel more easily.Communicate with people in the place 3. you goEnglish is spoken in more than 100 countries.I
29、ntroduce yourself，have 4. conversation，or ask for help.Push your career forward.If you want a good job in business，technology，or science，get out of the armchair and start 5. (learn) English now!Knowing English will let you：Gain technical knowledge.English is the language of technology，6. (especial)
30、high technology like computer science，genetics (遗传学)，and medicine.7. youre going to read about technology，youll probably have to do it in English.Be a worldclass business person.Its simple.International business is done in English.And all business today is international.8. if you want to play，you ha
31、ve to know Englishto contact other business persons，go to conferences，read international business newspapers and magazines，etc.Use your computer more effectively.Most computer 9. (application) are in English，so you will understand 10. (they) better if you know English.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。学好英语也许是改变人生的最佳方式
32、。英语的地位尤其重要，几乎所有的国际会议和赛事都是用英语举行的。来自世界各地的外交官和政治家都使用英语互相交流。学好英语到底有什么好处呢？1are conducted。考查时态和语态。根据语境分析，conduct与本句中的主语“all international conferences and competitions”是动宾关系，故谓语动词应用被动语态；又因为该句说的是一般的情况，主语是复数概念，故填一般现在时的被动语态，即are conducted。2to。考查固定短语中的介词。send sth.to sb.“把某物送给某人”。3where。考查关系副词。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，
33、先行词为“the place”，且关系词在从句中作状语，故用where。4a。考查冠词。have a conversation“谈话”。5learning/to learn。考查非谓语动词。start doing/to do sth.“开始做某事”。6especially。考查词性转换。由下文的“high technology”可知，此处应用副词表示强调，故用形容词especial的副词形式especially。7If。考查连词。根据语境及句子结构可知，此处是条件关系，且位于句首，故用If。8So。考查并列连词。根据上下文逻辑关系可知，此句与上一句存在逻辑上的因果关系，故填so，且首字母要大写
34、。9applications。考查名词复数。根据上下文语境并结合句中的Most和are可知，此处应用名词复数。application“应用程序，应用软件”。10them。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处应用them指代上文的“computer applications”。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修
35、改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。About 70 million American are trying to lose weight.Thats almost one out of three in United States.Some ate less of certain foods，especial fat and sugar.Others exercise，take medicine or even have operations.Losing a weight is not easy，and it can also cost lots of money
36、.And why do many people in the US want lose weight？Many people worry for not looking young and pretty.Other people worry about health.Many doctors say putting on too much weight are not healthy.Almost 30 million people weigh at least 20 percent much than their usual weight.答案：About 70 million are tr
37、ying to lose weight.Thats almost one out of three in United States.Some less of certain foods， fat and sugar.Others exercise，take medicine or even have operations.Losing aKG*3 weight is not easy，and it can also cost lots of money. why do many people in the US want lose weight？Many people worry not l
38、ooking young and pretty.Other people worry about health.Many doctors say putting on too much weight not healthy.Almost 30 million people weigh at least 20 percent than their usual weight.小写作【写作素材】1李华学习用功，好奇心强，每天放学后就开始学习。(curiosity; get down to)2因此，他每次都考第一。(as a consequence)3而且他是一个很有礼貌的学生。(good manne
39、rs)4他将自己在学习上取得的巨大进步归功于父母和老师。(owe to; remarkable)5他相信，只要努力了，就不会让他们失望。(convinced; as long as; let down)6难怪大家都喜欢他。(no wonder) One possible version：Li Hua，full of curiosity，studies hard and gets down to learning every day after school.As a consequence，he always gets first in exams.Besides，he is a student with good manners.He owes his remarkable progress in study to his teachers and parents.He is convinced that as long as he tries his best，he wont let them down.No wonder he is popular with others.
