2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读学案：医学话题.docx

1、高三英语培优外刊阅读班级：_学号：_姓名：_外刊精选首例猪肾移植人体获成功，突破还是噱头？上周，一则猪肾脏移植人体并成功存活的新闻震惊了医学界。看到这则新闻，我们的第一反应恐怕都是满满的问号：猪肾真的能移植到人体吗？有没有副作用？手术能大范围推广吗？纽约时报的这篇报道，就讲述了这项试验的经过以及未来前景。In a First, Surgeons Attached a Pig Kidney to a Human, and It WorkedBy Roni Caryn RabinSurgeons in New York have successfully attached a kidney gro

2、wn in a genetically altered pig to a human patient and found that the organ worked normally, a scientific breakthrough that one day may yield a vast new supply of organs for severely ill patients.Researchers have long sought to grow organs in pigs that are suitable for transplantation into humans. T

3、echnologies like cloning and genetic engineering have brought that vision closer to reality in recent years, but testing these experimental organs in humans has presented daunting ethical questions.So surgeons at N.Y.U. Langone Health took an astonishing step: With the familys consent, they attached

4、 the pigs kidney to a brain-dead patient who was kept alive on a ventilator, and then followed the bodys response while taking measures of the kidneys function. It is the first operation of its kind.The researchers tracked the results for just 54 hours, and many questions remained to be answered abo

5、ut the long-term consequences of such an operation. The procedure will not be available to patients any time soon, as there are significant medical and regulatory hurdles to overcome. Still, experts in the field hailed the surgery as a milestone.The prospect of raising pigs to harvest their organs f

6、or humans is bound to raise questions about animal welfare and exploitation, though an estimated one hundred million pigs already are killed in the United States each year for food.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.surgeon sdn n. _2.surgery /sdri/ n. _3.breakthrough brekru n._4.yield jild v._n. _5.vast vst

7、adj. _6.long l adv. _7.seek sik v. _8.transplantation trnsplanten n. _9.present przent v. _10.daunting dnt adj. _11.ethical ekl adj. _12.consent knsent n./v. _13.track trk v. _14.procedure prsid n. _15.prospect prspekt n. _【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.首次，第一次_2.转基因的_3.使A更接近B_4.迈出一步，采取一个措施_5.测量_6.同类当中的_

8、7.医疗和监管障碍_8.将A称赞为B_9.一定会，必然会_拓展练习阅读理解As with other organs like the heart, lungs, or liver, human life depends on healthy kidneys (肾脏). One way to help a patient with kidney trouble is to replace their kidneys with healthy kidneys, which is called a “transplant”. For years, scientists have tried to f

9、igure out how to transplant organs from other animals into humans. This is hard because the human body almost always rejects something that isnt its own.Scientists have tried transplanting organs from chimpanzees (黑猩猩) or baboons (狒狒), but this didnt work very well. More recently, scientists have fo

10、cused on transplants from pigs. In many ways, pigs bodies are similar to humans. Its fairly easy to raise pigs, and they grow quickly. Its now common for doctors to transplant pig heart valves (瓣膜) to repair damaged human hearts. Heart valves open and close to help the heart pump blood.But human bod

11、ies normally reject other pig organs because they contain a special chemical called “alpha-gal”. This time, to prevent the body from rejecting the pig kidney, scientists changed the pigs DNA slightly so that it wouldnt produce alpha-gal.Last month, a medical team at New York University Langone Healt

12、h, led by Dr. Robert Montgomery, attached this special pig kidney to a brain-dead human patient, who had wished to donate her organs, for the first time ever. The kidney functioned normally for the hours it was attached. “There didnt seem to be any kind of sign between the pig kidney and the human t

13、hat would make it not work,” said Montgomery. “It was beyond our expectation. It didnt have the immediate rejection that we had worried about.”Though the kidney wasnt placed inside the patients body, it was connected to the patient for over two days. During that time, the kidney worked as kidneys ar

14、e supposed to work. Most importantly, there were no signs that the kidney was being rejected. However, there are still many questions to be answered. Its not known what would happen once this kind of kidney is actually transplanted into a human. Would it be rejected after a while?5.What does paragra

15、ph 2 focus on?A.Pig heart valves main functions.B.The use of pigs in medical research.C.Pigs advantages over other animals.D.Similarities between pigs and humans.6.How did Montgomery feel about the outcome of last months experiment?A.Surprised.B.Natural.C.Nervous.D.Disappointed.7.What is the authors

16、 attitude to a pig kidney being placed inside a human?A.Doubtful.B.Objective.C.Favorable.D.Tolerant.8.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Rejection Reactions to Pig Kidneys Are StudiedB.It Is Hard to Perform Animal-to-Human TransplantsC.Scientists Work on Performing Kidney TransplantsD.Human

17、 Test of Pig Kidney Transplant Is Successful外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.surgeon sdn n. 外科医生2.surgery /sdri/ n. 手术3.breakthrough brekru n. 重大进展，突破4.yield jild v. 产生，提供；屈服，让步，放弃；让路，让道；弯曲，折断 n. 产量；收益5.vast vst adj. 大量的；巨大的6.long l adv. 长期以来，长久以来7.seek sik v. 寻找，寻求，探寻8.transplantation trnsplanten n.

18、 移植9.present przent v. 提出；展现，呈现10.daunting dnt adj. 令人生畏的，令人害怕的11.ethical ekl adj. 伦理的12.consent knsent n./v. 同意13.track trk v. 追踪，跟踪14.procedure prsid n. 手术15.prospect prspekt n. 前景，展望，设想【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.in a first首次，第一次2.genetically altered转基因的3.bring A closer to B使A更接近B4.take a step迈出一步

19、，采取一个措施5.take measures of测量6.of its kind同类当中的7.medical and regulatory hurdles医疗和监管障碍8.hail A as B将A称赞为B9.be bound to一定会，必然会【全文翻译】外科医生首次成功将一只猪肾脏植入人体纽约外科医生成功将一头转基因猪的肾脏植入人类患者体内，并发现植入器官能正常工作。有朝一日，这项科学突破可能会为重症病患带来大量新的器官供应。长期以来，研究者一直尝试在猪的体内培植适合移植人体的器官。近些年，克隆、基因工程等技术已经让这种愿景离实现更近了一步，但在人体上进行此类器官实验仍存在令人生畏的伦理问

20、题。在这样的情况下，纽约大学朗格尼医学中心的外科医生采取了一种惊人的做法：在征得患者家属同意后，他们将一只猪肾脏植入到一位靠呼吸机维持生命的脑死亡患者体内。而后，他们密切关注人体对移植器官的反应，同时测量这颗肾脏的功能。这是第一次有人进行此类手术。研究者仅对移植效果进行了54小时的追踪，而且对于这样一项手术的长期后果，很多问题仍有待回答。这项手术由于仍需克服在医学和监管方面的重大难题，短期内不会对患者开放。尽管如此，该领域的专家仍将这项手术誉为一个里程碑。虽然据估计，美国每年已有一亿头猪被宰杀作为食物，但要为了给人类提供器官而养猪，这种设想必然会在动物福利与剥削方面引发质疑。拓展练习阅读理解参考答案5.C 6.A 7.B 8.D