1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Module 4Great ScientistsGrammar语法精讲探究学习复习被动语态和by+ v. -ing 的用法观察上面对话, 用适当的被动语态填写下面教材中的句子, 体会它们的用法。1. Rice is also grown(grow)in many other Asian countries, and in some European countries. 2. The results of his experiments were published(pu
2、blish)in China in 1966. 一、被动语态被动语态用于强调谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者或不知道谓语动词所表示的动作的发出者的情况。被动语态常用于陈述事实, 一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。英语中语态只有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”, 相当于中文中常说的“被”句式。被动语态的构成: be+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)。1. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态被动语态结构一般现在时 am/is/are done (by. . . )一般过去时 was/were done (by. . . )*The classroom is cleaned by us every
3、 day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。*Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。*The window was broken by my son. 窗户被我儿子打破了。语法填空。(1)(2019天津高考)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. (2)These flowers are watered (water) by Li Ming every three days.
4、(3)A lot of tall buildings were put (put) up in this city last year. 2. 现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态被动语态结构现在进行时 am/is/are being done (by. . . )过去进行时 was/were being done (by. . . )*A hospital is being built in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在建一家医院。*How is the new teaching method being tried there? 那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的?
5、*The house was being painted when we arrived at his home. 我们到他家时, 他家房子正在粉刷。*Was the TV set being fixed at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗? 语法填空。(1)(2018天津高考)My washing machine is being repaired(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2)The boy was being saved(save) at this tim
6、e last night. 3. 现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态被动语态结构现在完成时 has/have been done (by. . . )过去完成时 had been done(by. . . )*The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音机还没开。*Has a new training centre been set up in our town? 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗? *In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless ph
7、ones hadnt been invented yet. 20世纪50年代的美国, 大部分家庭中只有一部电话, 无线电话还没有发明出来。*She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss. 她告诉我, 她已被老板解雇了。【知识延伸】现在完成时和过去完成时的注意事项(1)现在完成时强调动作从过去某个时候截止到现在, 常与下面的时间状语连用。 now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently, in/during/over the past+时间段,
8、 so far/until now/up to now. . . 等。 (2)过去完成时强调动作发生在过去某个动作或时间之前, 常与by, before等构成的时间短语连用。 (3)当表示一段时间, 现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for +时间段或since引导的时间状语从句。(1)语法填空。Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached (reach)so far by the two sides. The room had been cleaned(clean) before he arrived. (
9、2)单句改错。(2018北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had trapped in the mountains for two days. (trapped前加been)4. 一般将来时和过去将来时的被动语态被动语态结构一般将来时 will/shall be done (by. . . )过去将来时 would be done(by. . . )*The work will be done immediately. 这项工作将马上展开。*Will the school sports meeting be
10、 held next week? 校运动会将在下星期举行吗? *When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet? 什么时候给我们做有关因特网的讲座? *He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。语法填空。(1)A Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held (hold) in this local city next week. (2)More expressway
11、s will be built (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (3)He said that Mary would be given(give) a gold medal at the meeting to be held. 5. 将来完成时和过去将来完成时的被动语态被动语态结构将来完成时will have been done (by. . . )过去将来完成时would have been done (by. . . ) *The exam will have been finished before July.
12、考试将在七月前结束。*He told me that he would have graduated from college before next month. 他告诉我下个月之前他将大学毕业。 语法填空。(1)My homework will have been finished (finish) when you arrive tomorrow. (2)He told his boss his work would have been finished (finish) by ten oclock. 6. 含情态动词的被动语态被动语态结构情态动词+be+过去分词*The baby sh
13、ould be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 婴儿应该由保姆好好照顾。*Young trees must be watered often. 小树必须经常浇水。 语法填空。(1)More trees must be planted (plant) every year to stop the wind. (2)Children should be allowed (allow) to choose their clothes. 7. 被动语态的高频考点(1)感官动词和使役动词have, make, let主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,
14、变为被动语态时, 该不定式前要带to。*The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师让我走出教室。 I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). (2)短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体, 不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。*Yuan Longpings achievement is highly thought of by people. 袁隆平的成就受到人们的高度评价。(3)“get+过去分词”结构被动语态除常用“be +过去分词”构成外, 还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构
15、多用在口语中, 强调动作的结果。其后的动作执行者(即by短语)一般不表示出来。*(2020全国卷)In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married. 在印度, 尤其是在城市以外的地方, 年轻女性期望在结婚后搬到丈夫家去住。(4)表示“据说”或“人们相信” 的词组, 基本上由it+is+believe, consider, declare, expect, feel, report, say, see
16、, suppose, think, understand等的过去分词+that组成。例如: It is said that. . . 据说It is reported that. . . 据报道It is believed that. . . 大家相信It is hoped that. . . 大家希望It is well known that. . . 众所周知It is thought that. . . 大家认为It is suggested/requested/required that. . . 据建议/要求It has been decided that. . . 大家决定It m
17、ust be remembered that. . . 务必记住的是*It is thought that Zhong Nanshan has made great contributions to preventing COVID-19. 人们认为钟南山为防控新冠肺炎作出了重大贡献。* It is suggested that something should be done to prevent and control pandemic diseases. 有人建议要采取措施防控流行性疾病。(5)“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”这一句型变成被动语态在这个句型中, 谓语动词有两个宾语。变成
18、被动语态时, 一般将指人的间接宾语转化成主语, 但有时也可将指物的直接宾语转化成主语: *We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。The student was given some books. Some books were given to the student. 【易错精点】什么时候需要介词? 用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时, 通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等)。 (1)句型转换。The boss makes them work day and night. They are made to work day
19、and night. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris. Its said that the manager has arrived back from Paris. Weve given her some advice. She has been given some advice. Some advice has been given to her. (2)单句改错。After getting up I got dress as quickly as I could and left in a hurry. (dress
20、改为dressed)8. 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义(1)英语中有很多动词, 如sell, wash, open, lock, read, write等, 当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时, 常用其主动形式表达被动意义, 主语通常是物。这时常与副词easily, well等连用。*The pen writes smoothly. 这钢笔书写流利。*His new novel sells well. 他的新小说很畅销。(2)表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词和短语, 如happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, c
21、ome true, run out, give out, turn out等用主动形式表示被动意义。*Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。* The girls dream came true. 这个女孩的梦想成真。(3)系动词没有被动形式, 有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, look等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。*Your words sound reasonable. 你的话听起来有道理。(4)在need, want, require等词的后面, 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, 其含义相当于动词
22、不定式的被动形式。*The house needs repairing (to be repaired). 这房子需要修理。 (1)语法填空。All the tickets sold(sell)out when they arrived. (2)My T-shirt washes well and my trousers dont need washing/to be washed so I hardly need to do some washing today. 我的T恤衫很好洗, 我的裤子不需要洗, 所以我今天几乎不需要洗衣服。二、by+v. -ing的用法by+v. -ing意为“通过
23、, 靠, 凭”, 作方式状语用来表示方法、方式、手段等。*(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements科学家回应指出, 饥饿的熊可能会聚集在人类定居点周围。*She earned her place in the team by training hard. 她通过刻苦训练在队里获得了地位。*She learned English well by listening to the radio and reading a
24、loud. 她通过听收音机和大声朗读学好了英语。*By reviewing the old, you can learn something new. 温故而知新。(1)He succeeded by working hard. 他通过努力工作获得了成功。(2)Her uncle managed to support a large family by selling newspapers. 她叔叔通过卖报纸设法养活一个大家庭。课时检测素养达标. 句型转换1. Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived. The room was being c
25、leaned when I arrived. 2. He hasnt received the letter. The letter hasnt been received by him. 3. Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5. It is said that th
26、e boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam. They say that the boy has passed the national exam. . 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. In the past few years a lot of buildings have been set (set) up in our city. 【拓展训练】Nothing can save him. What can be done has been done (do) so f
27、ar. 2. Another bridge will be completed (complete) over the river at the end of this year. 【方法技巧】at the end of +将来的时间和by the end of +将来的时间当句中有时间状语“at the end of +将来的时间”时, 句子常用一般将来时; 当句中有时间状语“by the end of +将来的时间”时, 句子常用一般将来完成时。3. Look! A new cinema is being built (build)here. 4. I was given (give)te
28、n minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed (complete)in Beijing. 6. The pen on the desk belongs (belong) to Peter, which writes (write) well. 7. The water felt(feel)cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
29、 8. He made a call to inform me that the sports meeting would be held (hold)next Monday. 9. We can operate the machine well by practicing(practice) more. 综合运用本模块所学语法知识, 翻译下列语段。一场会议即将在101房间举行。昨天我到达这个房间时, 它的窗户已经被打破了, 并且它的墙正在被粉刷。很显然, 这个房间需要清理。Tom被派出打扫房间(be made to do)。然而, 这个房间的门锁不上。通过打电话呼叫维修工(repairer)
30、 , Tom找人修理好了房子。A meeting will be held in Room 101. Yesterday when I arrived at the house, its windows had been broken, and its wall was being painted. It was obvious that the room needed cleaning. Tom was made to clean the room. However, the door wouldnt lock. Tom got the house repaired by calling the repairer.