1、Section Grammar&WritingUnit 2 Heroes一般过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时一、一般过去时.构成方法 一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，即一般在动词原形后加ed。.用法说明1表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday,last week,in 1989，just now,a moment ago，the other day 等连用。He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。She watched the Chinese women volleyball match last year.去年她观看了中国女排的比赛。2在过去一段时间
2、内的经常性或习惯性动作。We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。表示过去经常发生的动作还可用 used to 和 would。He used to play computer games a lot，but he doesnt now.他过去经常玩电脑游戏，但现在不了。Whenever we were in trouble,he would help us.每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。3表示主语过去的特征或性格。如：At that time she was very good at English.那时她英语学得
3、很好。表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用 and 连接。He opened the door,rushed out and then disappeared.他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。Joe fell and broke his leg.乔摔倒了，摔断了腿。二、过去进行时.构成方法was/were动词的现在分词.用法说明1过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。He fell asleep when he was reading.他看书时睡着了。2过去进行时表示现在，主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。I was wondering if you
4、could give me a lift.我不知你能否让我搭一下车。3过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always,forever,continually 等副词连用。They were always quarrelling.他们老是吵架。4动词 be 的过去进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。比较：He was friendly.他很友好。(指过去长期如此)He was being friendly.他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于 come,go,leave，start,
5、arrive 等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。He told me that he was going soon.他告诉我他很快就要走了。5过去进行时还可和 when 结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意。My father was watching TV when I came back home last night.昨晚我回家时爸爸正在看电视。三、现在完成时.构成方法have/has动词的过去分词.用法说明1表示“已完成”。可分为两种情况：(1)表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(2)表示从过去到现在这段时间之间曾经经历过的事情。The clock
6、has just struck ten.时钟刚敲过十点。Guilin is the most beautiful place I have ever visited.桂林是我去过的最美丽的地方。2表示“未完成”。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。常和表示一段时间的状语如 for,since，these days，this year 等连用。Mr.Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。Her mother has worked as a teac
7、her for thirty years.她母亲已当了三十年教师。3巧辨现在完成时与一般过去时当现在完成时表示过去的动作时与一般过去时的区别是：现在完成时强调此事对现在的影响，着眼点在现在。一般过去时表达过去某时发生的事情，强调“过去”。(1)看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，看具体情况，两种时态都可用；如果有，则一般用一般过去时。I(have)bought a new EnglishChinese dictionary.我买了一本新英汉词典。I bought a new EnglishChinese dictionary yesterday.昨天我买了一本新英汉词典。(2)看句
8、首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问对方是否做过某事(句首无疑问词)，常用现在完成时；但当询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做某事时(句首有疑问词)，要用一般过去时。Has the plane arrived？飞机到了吗？Yes,it has.是的，到了。When did it arrive？什么时候到的？Half an hour ago.半小时前。走出误区1现在完成时与瞬间动词：瞬间动词如 arrive，begin,borrow,buy,come,die，join,leave 等可以用于现在完成时，但其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I hear he has come back.我听说他回来
9、了。()I hear he has come back for a few days.()I hear he has been back for a few days.()我听说他回来好几天了。2常见用法讲解：(1)固定句式：It is/has been.since.“自从以来多长时间了”。since 后面的句子用一般过去时。It is/has been more than sixty years since the Peoples Republic of China was founded.中华人民共和国成立已经有六十多年了。(2)固定句式：This/It is the first(seco
10、nd,third.)time that.“这是第几次”，that 从句用现在完成时。This is the first time that I have watched stars through a telescope.这是我第一次通过望远镜看星星。(3)have been(to)和 have gone(to)的区别：have/has been(to)表示“曾经到过某地”，侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里。Tom has been to Japan.I have also been there.汤姆曾去过日本。我也曾去过。
11、Tom has gone to Beijing and he will come back next week.汤姆去北京了，下个星期回来。单句语法填空1I _(work)in a foreign trade company for five years.Still，I dont regret having given up the wellpaid post.答案：worked2Did you speak with the boss?No，when I arrived，he _(talk)，so I had no chance.答案：was talking 3If it _(stop)sno
12、wing,Ill go to the park.答案：has stopped 4It is the second time that I _(make)the mistake.答案：have made 5You know，I _(meet)my girlfriends parents for the first time only yesterday.答案：met6Three days later，in the middle of the night，he _(hear)Joes voice.答案：heard 7The boys in my class often _(joke)about h
13、er and laughed their heads off.答案：joked 8One morning，I _(wait)at the bus stop，worried about being late for school.答案：was waiting 9Since I was born，I _(receive)a good quantity of gifts.答案：have received 10Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans _(get)a lot“greener”toward the environment.答案：have go
14、tten 单句改错1I am working in Beijing now.I have worked as a cleaner for three years in London._ 2The boy has been gone for three days,which makes his parents worried._ 3I was walking in the street while I heard my name called._ 4It is the first time that she had seen such a beautiful city._ 5He has liv
15、ed here since he has moved to this city._去掉have goneaway whilewhen hadhas 去掉第二个has 如何写记叙文文体感知记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物发展变化的过程为主的一种文体。一般说来，它大致分为三类：1以记人为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物可以写一件事，也可写几件事；2以写事为主的记叙文，即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件可以写一个人，也可以写几个人；3以写景物为主的记叙文，即以景物为中心组织材料，围绕主要景物按一定的顺序写。基本要求1写作时要注意时态和人称。在以叙事为主的书面表达中，命题形式主要是提纲
16、式作文或图画式作文。通常要求考生以第一人称或第三人称来写作，第一人称主要是写自己的经历，第三人称主要是写他人的经历或事迹。由于记叙文叙述的事情通常发生在过去，因此其时态主要用一般过去时。2交代清楚记叙文的“六要素”，注意详略得当。一篇好的记叙文需要直接或间接表达以下六个要素，即人物(who/whom)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事件(what)和事由(why)、结果(how)。在行文的过程中交代要素时，要根据情况灵活把握，不需要作者交代读者就能明白的可以省略。3写作时，我们通常可按照事情发展的先后顺序来表达内容。可以采用“顺叙”“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法，注意把握好事情的开始、发
17、展、高潮及结局。4叙述时力争做到主题鲜明，内容清楚。重点内容要交代具体，文章才能显得生动，才能使人受到感染并留下深刻的印象。常用句式1I was.when.2Then I saw.3The next moment，.4About two minutes later.5One morning I.6The other day my brother and I.7Finally we arrived at.8After having a short rest，we.写作要求假设今天是 7 月 12 日，星期六，天气晴朗，你和全班同学到南郊公园游玩。请根据以下内容，用英语以日记的形式记叙今天你的出游
18、情况。1上午乘车 1 小时到达目的地，爬山，唱歌，做游戏；2中午吃完午餐后组织一个小活动，向游客宣传环保的重要性；3下午 4 点返回。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。审题谋篇项目结论体裁日记话题公园游玩时态一般过去时人称第一人称词句推敲1词汇一就 _玩得愉快_保护环境_不但而且_as soon as enjoy oneself protect environment not only.but also.2句式爬山的路上我们快乐地歌唱。一般表达：We sang happily on the way up.高级表达：(用独立主格改写句子)_All the way up,
19、we sang happily.中午野餐后我们组织了一个活动，告诉游客保护环境的重要性。一般表达：We had our picnic at noon and we organized an activity.We talked to the visitors about the importance of protecting the environment.高级表达：(用现在分词短语改写句子)_After we had our picnic at noon we organized an activity,talking to the visitors about the importanc
20、e of protecting the environment.我们玩得很高兴，也做了一些好事。一般表达：We had a good time and did a good deed today.高级表达：(用 not only.but also.改写句子)_尽管现在我很累，但是我感觉非常高兴。一般表达：Although I am tired now,I feel quite happy.高级表达：(用 though 倒装改写句子)_We not only had a good time but also did a good deed today.Tired though I am now,
21、I feel quite happy.妙笔成篇_One possible version:Today I went on a trip to Nanjiao Park with all my classmates.After an hours ride,we arrived there.As soonas we got there,we began to climb the hill.All the way up,we sang happily.On the top of the hill,we played some interesting games.All of us enjoyed ourselves very much.After we had our picnic at noon we organized an activity,talking to the visitors about the importance of protecting the environment.At about 4 in the afternoon we returned.We not only had a good time but also did a good deed today.Tired though I am now,I feel quite happy.
