1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家单元语法(二)不定式语法图解语法感悟单句语法填空1Im thirsty; please get me something to_drink (drink)2I saw him go (go) out of the room ten minutes ago.3The first thing she did was to_hug (hug) her coach after the game.4The meeting to_be_held (hold) tomorrow is about air pollution.5Her parents dont allow he
2、r to_go (go) out at night on Sundays.一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式是在to前加not。动词不定式主要有三种结构模式：1带to或不带to：(to) do sth.Our teacher asks us to be grateful to our parents.老师叫我们要感恩父母。I saw a stranger enter our community.我看见一个陌生人进了我们社区。He told me not t
3、o move until he finished the drawing.他告诉我他画完了画我再动。2疑问词不定式：how/when/what.to do sth.No one knows for sure what to expect in the future.没人能确切地知道将来会发生什么。3带逻辑主语的不定式：for/of sb. to do sth.It is wise of you to give up smoking.你戒烟是明智的。二、动词不定式的时态和语态 (续表)He decided to sell his car.他决定把车卖了。The rain seems to hav
4、e stopped.雨好像已经停了。The boys were discovered to be hiding behind the door.男孩子们被发现正在门后藏着呢。Tom seemed to have been reading a novel.汤姆似乎一直在读一本小说。Its a great honor to have been invited to Marys birthday party.被邀请参加玛丽的生日宴会是很大的荣幸。注意：1.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动语态。She asked to be treated equally.她要求被
5、平等对待。The room seems to have been broken into.这屋子好像被人闯入过。2若谓语动词是表示愿望、打算、意图的动词，如hope, think, want, promise, plan, suppose, expect, mean, intend等，不定式的时态有如下用法：(1)上述动词的“现在时动词不定式的完成时”表示不定式发生在谓语动作之后，在将来发生。I hope/expect/want/plan to have finished the task by the end of this month.我希望/想/计划在这个月结束的时候将任务完成。(2)上
6、述动词的“过去时不定式的完成时”，表示本希望在过去发生的事情，但因故未能实现。We planned to have finished the work before lunch.We had planned to finish the work before lunch.我们本打算在午饭前完成这项工作。即学即用1单句语法填空1I think it necessary for you to_lock (lock) the car when you do not use it.2He is often seen to_go (go) to school on foot.3I wish to_be_
7、sent (send) to work in the country.4He seems to_have_caught (catch) a cold, for he keeps on blowing his nose.5When to_leave (leave) for London has not been decided yet.三、不定式的句法功能1不定式作主语不定式作主语时，表示具体的行为或将来的行为。不定式作主语时谓语用单数；有时也可用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置。To see is to believe.眼见为实。It is important to master a forei
8、gn language.掌握一门外语是很重要的。(it是形式主语)2不定式结构作宾语Jenny tried to explain.詹妮尽力解释。The boy pretended to have finished it.那个男孩假装已经做完了它。3不定式结构作宾语补足语(1)love, teach, ask, get, tell, invite, force, beg, allow, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, forbid, lead, trouble等动词可接不定式短语作宾语补足语
9、。John asked me to help him with his lessons that evening.约翰那天晚上请我帮他补习功课。Spending too much time on computer games leads them to forget their studies.在电脑游戏上花费太多的时间使他们忘记了他们的学习。(2)make, have, let等使役动词及see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, hear, listen to等感官动词或短语后接不定式作其宾语的补足语。在主动语态中，不定式中的to应省略；但在被动
10、语态中，这个to不能省略。Well have the boy post this letter.我们将让这个男孩去寄这封信。The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.人们看到这个男孩突然从树上掉下来了。4不定式作表语不定式作表语通常表示具体的或将来的动作。My purpose is to point out the difficulties of finishing the job。我的目的是指出完成这份工作的困难。5不定式结构作状语(1)不定式可以跟在某些形容词之后作状语，形成“be形容词不定式”结构。这类形容词多表示：说明情绪、态度等；
11、说明性质；表示难易。Im glad to hear your mother is well again.听说你妈妈好了我很高兴。I was surprised to see him here.在这儿看到他我很吃惊。(2)不定式可用来表示目的、原因、结果等状语。常见的结构有：in order(not)to 以便(不)，为了(不)so as to 以便，为了too.to do sth. 太而不能做某事(not) enough to. (不)够来做某事He was too excited to say a few words.他太激动了，以至于说不出话来。We went early so as to
12、 get good seats.为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。6不定式作定语不定式作定语时，需放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词存在动宾关系。如果这个不定式是不及物的，它后面就要有必要的介词。Tom has a great deal of housework to do this weekend.这个周末汤姆有很多家务活要做。I use a pen to write with.我用钢笔书写。即学即用2单句语法填空1He ran all the way to the station only to_find (find) the train had left.2They are
13、 going to help (to)_water (water) the trees.3How long did it take you to_finish (finish) the work?4The more positive an attitude was, the more likely it was to_be_shared (share)5He is said to_be_working (work) in a large company in Beijing now but I dont know which.四、不定式的特殊用法1不定式符号to的省略：(1)跟在感官动词和使役
14、动词后面作宾语补足语的时候。常见这两类词有：一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, have, make)，四看(see, look at, watch, observe)，五帮助(help)。He let his daughter practice playing the piano every day.他每天都让他的女儿练钢琴。(2)在介词but, other than后面作宾语，若介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么不定式符号to省略。We can do nothing but wait the doctor.除了等医生我们无事可做。(3)在cannot
15、 but, cannot help but, cannot choose but, had better, would rather.than等后作宾语的不定式，通常省略to。We cannot help but admire his courage.我们不得不钦佩他的勇气。2it充当形式主语，to do作真正的主语的常见句式：(1)It is easy/difficult/hard/important/right/wrong/possible/necessary/foolish/kind.to do.It is very easy to solve the problem.解决这问题很容易。
16、(2)It is a pleasure/pity/pleasant thing/an honor.to do.It is a pleasure to work with you.和你一起工作真是件乐事。(3)It takes sb. some time/money to do.It took me two hours to finish the homework yesterday.昨天完成家庭作业花了我两个小时。3it充当形式宾语，to do作真正的宾语的句式：在句式“主语v.itadj./n.to do”中，it为形式宾语，to do为真正的宾语，能用于此句式的动词有believe, co
17、nsider, feel, find, make, suppose, think等。I think it very useful to learn a foreign language.我认为学门外语很有用。4doing与to do作结果状语的区别：doing表示顺其自然的结果，而to do表示出乎预料的结果。It hasnt rained for several months, leaving the crops dead.好几个月没下雨了，结果庄稼都死了。He hurried to the supermarket, only to find it was locked.他匆匆忙忙地去了超市
18、，却发现门锁着。5“疑问词to do”结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，可以与相应的从句互换。I dont know where to buy books of this kind.I dont know where I can buy books of this kind.我不知道在哪里我可以买到这种书。即学即用3单句语法填空1They had no choice but to_turn (turn) to the teacher for help.2There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know which one
19、 to_choose (choose)3Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to_find (find) it didnt fit.4She would rather die than give (give) a speech.5His continuing efforts in the field of science have made many young people take (take) him as their idol.单句语法填空1The teacher told the
20、m not to_make (make) so much noise.2In Asia, to_get (get) into a good public university, students have to take the entrance exam. 3Are you going to the conference to_be_held (hold) next Monday?4Mother had me go (go) to the shop and buy some salt.5To_prevent (prevent) the rising price affecting (affe
21、ct) the ordinary peoples life, the government will carry out a new policy.6George returned after the war, only to_be_told (tell) that his wife had left him.7With so many things to_deal (deal) with, I have to work late into the night.8To_stay (stay) warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, and the
22、n set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.9He finds it hard to_focus (focus) his attention on one thing for longer than five minutes.10I hope to_become (become) an astronaut some day. 11The significant museum is said to have_been_built (build) about a hundred years ago.完成句子1It took them
23、 about half an hour to_work_out the difficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。2I seem to_have_left_my_book_at_home.我大概是把书忘在家里了。3. I_think_it_possible_to_get on well with him.我认为有可能跟他和睦相处。4There is nothing to do but_wait till it stops raining.没办法，只好等雨停了。5The weather will keep warm in the days to_come.在未来几天内，天气将继续保持暖和。- 9 - 版权所有高考资源网