1、Period FourLesson 4Journey to the Antarctic.重点单词1within prep. 在里面，在内部2preparation n. 准备，预备prepare v. 准备3shock vt. 震惊，惊骇shocking adj. 令人震惊的shocked adj. (人)感到震惊的4goal n. 目的；目标aim n. (同义词)目标，目的5ambition n. 志向，抱负ambitious adj. 有志向的，有抱负的6exhausted adj. (人)感到疲惫的exhausting adj. 令人疲惫的exhaust vt. 使疲惫7hopeles
2、s adj. 没有希望的hopeful adj. (反义词)有希望的hope n. 希望8cheerful adj. 愉快的，高兴的cheer n. & vt. 欢呼9distant adj. 远处的；久远的distance n. 远处，远方10sadness n. 悲哀，忧伤sad adj. 悲伤的，悲哀的11function vi. 运转；发挥作用functional adj. 功能的，职能的12patience n. 耐心；忍耐力patient n. & adj. 病人；有耐心的impatient adj. (反义词)没耐心的13nationality n. 国籍nation n. 国家
3、，民族national adj. 国家的.核心短语1on_ones_way在途中2break_down 损坏，不能运转3run_out_of 用完，耗尽4carry_on 继续做某事5have_difficulty_(in)_doing_sth. 在做某事上有困难6make preparations for 为做准备7in the history of 在的历史上8make progress 取得进步.经典句式1副词位于句首的完全倒装结构Then_came the total darkness of the polar winter.接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。2have宾语宾语补足语He ha
4、d teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.成队的狗一直为他拉雪橇，并且所有人都在滑雪板上。1.ful常用于名词之后构成形容词表示充满时的量cheercheerful 愉快的；高兴的sorrowsorrowful 伤心的；悲伤的joyjoyful 快乐的；高兴的carecareful 仔细的；小心的2“v.on (prep.)”构成动词短语，在句中作谓语carry_on 继续做某事go_on 继续call_on 号召；拜访 get_on 上车，船等课文预读奔向极地的赛跑第15段译文1910年6月1日，斯科特上
5、校离开伦敦开始他的南极探险。在途中，他收到了来自挪威探险家罗尔德阿蒙森的信息：“我正向南极进发。”因此，这场奔向南极的赛跑就开始了！在19101911年的极地夏季，两队人都为下一年的探险做了食物储备。接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。斯科特和阿蒙森都迫不及待地等待着春天的到来。1911年10月15日，阿蒙森第一个出发了。他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都坐在滑雪板上。因此，他前进的速度很快。斯科特11月1日出发，出发后不久就遇到了麻烦。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。过了一段时间，斯科特不得不和队员们一起推雪橇了。阿蒙森12月14日到达南极点，在南极点插上了挪威国旗，然后他准备
6、回程。斯科特和四名队员最终于1月17日到达南极。当他们看到挪威国旗时，他们感到震惊。斯科特在日记中痛苦地写道：“噢，我们现在已经失去了雄伟的目标，但还得面对800英里的艰难跋涉与我们的大部分梦想说再见。” 第610段译文他们返回的行程是探险史上最艰难的行程之一。队员们很快就筋疲力竭了，食物也快吃完了。天气异常恶劣。斯科特开始意识到他们所处的绝望境地：“我们都很愉快，但我能猜出大家心里的想法。早上穿鞋的动作越来越慢了。”尽管如此，在返程途中，他们还抽时间采集岩石。一路上他们携带了20千克岩石。后来这些石块证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。接着，灾难很快袭来。埃德加埃文斯病重，重重地跌倒后
7、死去。接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行走非常艰难。斯科特记录了他的死亡：“他说：我只是出去走走，可能要走上一会儿。我们都知道可怜的奥茨在走向死亡，尽管我们尽力阻拦，但我们都知道这是勇敢者的举动，是英国绅士的行为。我们都希望以同样的精神结束生命，而且大家都知道，死亡正在逼近。” 第1115段译文斯科特和两名同伴继续向前，到达距离他们其中一个食物储存处不足11英里的地方。但是后来一场可怕的暴风雪降临，他们无法离开帐篷。斯科特用最后的时间写下了一些东西，他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封信，信中充满悲伤：“我能够告诉你许许多多关于这次探险的事。你可以把这些故事讲给儿子听但是为了这一切，我们付出了多大的代价啊。”斯科
8、特的日记也记述了他们生命的结束：“我们越来越虚弱，离生命结束不远了。真遗憾，我想我写不下去了。”斯科特逝世的消息震惊了世界。尽管他输掉了奔向南极的竞赛，但斯科特上校和他的伙伴们所表现出来的非凡勇气足以使他们成为英雄。课文理解Task One：Fast reading.Whats the main idea of the text?The_race_to_the_Pole.Judge the following statements true (T) or false (F)1Scott and Amundsen started their journeys in the polar sprin
9、g.(T)2Scotts use of sledges and horses was a success.(F)3Amundsen travelled more quickly than Scott.(T)4When they got to the Pole, Scotts team had a celebration.(F)5Captain Oates went for a walk and died in a storm.(T)6Scotts last letter was to his wife.(T)Task Two：Careful readingRead the text caref
10、ully and then choose the best answer according to the text.1Why did Amundsen succeed while Scott not?ABecause Amundsen reached the Pole first.BBecause Scotts companions died half way.CBecause it was too cold in Antarctic.DBecause Scotts sledges broke down and his horses disagreed with the cold and t
11、he snow there.答案：D2What did Scotts team achieve?AThey became rich for the trip.BThey got nothing but pity.CThey became the first to reach the Pole.DThey collected rocks that proved Antarctic had once been covered by plants.答案：D3Why did Scott and his men become heroes?AThey showed great courage all t
12、he time.BThey collected valuable rocks.CThey died for the expedition.DThey made great contributions to the world.答案：A4Did Scott and his men survive at last?AYes, they did.BNo. They all died a heroic death.CAll died but Scott.DOnly Scott died at last.答案：B5Whats the writers attitude towards Captain Sc
13、ott and his team?AHe is mildly critical.BHe is strongly critical.CHe is full of respect for them.DHis attitude is not clear.答案：CTask Three：Micro writingRead the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.On 1 June, 1910, Captain Scott began his journey _1_ the Antarctic. At the same time, the N
14、orwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south. During the polar summer, both teams organised food bases in _2_ (prepare) for their journey. Amundsen reached the Antarctic first. Then he prepared for the return journey. Scott _3_ (final) arrived at the Pole. They _4_ (shock) when they saw the
15、 Norwegian flag. Scott wrote sadly in his diary：“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushingand goodbye to most of our _5_ (dream)”The return journey was one of the worst in the exploration. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott realised their _6_ (h
16、ope) situation：“. we are very cheerful, _7_ what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.” Then a terrible storm started. Scott spent some of his last hours _8_ (write). He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife. The news of Scotts death shocked _9_ world. He had failed to win the race to t
17、he Pole, but the extraordinary courage _10_ (show) by Captain Scott and his men made them into heroes.1to 2.preparation 3.finally 4.were_shocked 5dreams6.hopeless 7.but 8.writing 9the 10.shown 1 (教材P28)During the polar summer of 19101911，both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journ
18、eys the next year.在19101911年的极地夏季，两队人都为下一年的探险做了食物储备。(1)in preparation for为做准备make preparations for 为做准备be in preparation 在准备中(2)prepare v. 准备prepare for sth. 为做准备(强调动作)be prepared for sth. 为做好准备(强调状态)prepare to do sth. 准备做某事注意：prepare sth.表示“准备某事”，如prepare a meal/a speech; prepare for表示“为做准备”，相当于mak
19、e preparations for，如prepare for an examination/an attack; be prepared for强调状态，表示“已为做好了准备”。即学即用(1)Preparations for the party started early.聚会的准备工作很早就开始了。(2)He packed his bag in preparation for the journey.他打好提包，为旅行做准备。(3)China loves peace, but is also prepared to fight for peace.中国爱好和平，但也做好准备为和平而战。(4
20、)The teacher is preparing the reviewing quiz, while the students are preparing_for it.老师正在准备复习测试题，而学生正在为测试做准备。(5)单句语法填空We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and make preparations (prepare) for the future.The advertising campaign is still in preparation.Theyve sold their house an
21、d car in preparation for leaving the country.2 (教材P28)They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.当他们看到挪威国旗时，感到非常震惊。(1)to ones shock令某人震惊的是It shocks sb. to do sth. 做令某人害怕/震惊(2)shocked adj. 震惊的be shocked at 对震惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的即学即用(1)The news shocked the public, leading to great concern a
22、bout students safety at school.这则新闻令公众震惊，使人们更加关注在校学生的安全。(2)The news was a great shock to her.这个消息对她是个沉重的打击。(3)It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。(4)单句语法填空I was shocked to_hear (hear) that he had resigned.To my shock, such an attack could happen in this sc
23、hool.Scientists have come up with a shocking (shock) idea.3 (教材P28)Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.斯科特和两名同伴继续向前，到达距离他们其中一个食物储存处不足11英里的地方。within ones reach触手可及within sight 在视线范围内within ones power 力所能及within the limit of 在范围内即学即用(1)Bo
24、th his health and his business collapsed within a year.在一年之内，他的身体和他的生意都垮掉了。(2)After five years hard work, promotion seemed within_his_reach.经过五年的努力工作，他升职在望。(3)So many things are out of your control, but what you wear is completely within_your_power.很多事情你都无法控制，但你完全可以决定自己要穿什么衣服。 aim n. 目标；目的 v. 瞄准，对准；
25、力求达到，力争做到；目的是，旨在(教材P29)Aims of exploration.探索的目标(1)with the aim of. 有的目的take aim at 瞄准without aimaimlessly 漫无目的地(2)aim at doing. 力求达到；力争做到aim to do. 力争做到be aimed at 目的是，旨在(3)aimless adj. 无目的的；没有目标的即学即用(1)He finally achieved his aim at the 11th National Games.他最终在第十一届全运会上实现了自己的目标。(2)I started to lear
26、n English with the aim of becoming a teacher.我开始学习英语的目的是要当一名老师。(3)As an old saying goes, living without aim is like sailing without a compass.正如谚语所说，漫无目的的生活就像航海没有指南针一样。(4)单句语法填空She went to London with the aim of finding a job.The program is_aimed (aim) at teenage audience.I aimed the gun carefully a
27、t the target.When he was a child, he aimed to_be (be) a doctor.5 (1)be out of patience with对再也不能忍耐have no patience with 不能容忍with patience 耐心地lose patience with 对失去耐心(2)patient adj. 有耐心的be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心be patient of sth. 忍耐某事即学即用(1)She has little patience with such views.她很难接受这类观点。(2)She wa
28、s a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是一位富有耐心和想象力的生气勃勃的年轻妇女。(3)Teachers ought to be patient with students.教师对学生应该耐心。(4)单句语法填空She is very patient with young children.He doesnt have the patience (patient) to sit reading every day.If you act with patience, the time is enough for you.You
29、 should learn to be patient of pains.1 (教材P28)On his way, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen：“Im going South.”在途中，他收到一则来自挪威探险家罗纳德阿蒙森的消息：“我正向南极进发。”on ones way (to)在途中；在行进中；就要去/来in the way 挡道in this way 用这种方法by the way 顺便说一下in no way 决不(放句首用部分倒装)in a way 在某种程度上by way of 经
30、由，途经all the way 一直，自始至终in some ways 在某些方面即学即用(1)On my/the way home I met an old friend of mine.在回家的路上，我遇到了我的一个老朋友。(2)The letter should be on its way to you.那封信应该快到你那里了。(3)It is said that when an earthquake is on_its_way,_animals will act strangely.据说地震来临时，动物会有异常举动。(4)In_no_way can we tolerate your b
31、ehaviors any more.我们决不能再容忍你的行为。(5)I put her downstairs so that she shouldnt be in_the_way.我让她住在楼下免得碍事。(6)I like Mary in_a_way,_but she is very proud.在一定程度上，我喜欢玛丽，可是她很骄傲。 break down 损坏，不能运转；失败；(身体、精神)垮掉；分解(教材P28)First, his two sledges broke down, and then the horses began to have serious difficulties
32、 with the snow and the cold.首先，他的两个雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。break away from sb.脱离/离开/背弃某人break in 闯进，打断break into 闯入；突然(哭、唱、笑等)break out (战争、火灾、疾病、瘟疫、暴乱等)突然发生；爆发break through 突破break up 破碎，解散，结束即学即用(1)The lift broke down, so we had to walk up the stairs.电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。(2)Your plan has broken down. Wha
33、t a pity!你的计划失败了。真遗憾！(3)When they heard what the spokesman said, they broke_down.当他们听到发言人说的话时，他们崩溃了。(4)Some cars broke_down on their way to Yushu.在去玉树的路上，有些汽车抛锚了。3 (教材P28)The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food.队员们很快就筋疲力尽，而且食物也快吃完了。(1)run out用完；耗尽(无被动语态)run into碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到run after 追
34、赶；追求run across 偶然遇见run away 突然离开；逃离run over 撞倒；撞翻(2)use up 用完，用尽give out 被用尽，精疲力竭即学即用(1)The car ran out of gas three miles from town.在离城镇三英里远的地方汽车的汽油用完了。(2)Time is running out for the trapped miners.被困矿工的时间不多了。(3)You should prevent the supplies from running_out before rescue arrives.在救援到达之前，你应该防止供应品
35、耗尽了。(4)The car ran_over a duck crossing the road.汽车轧死了一只过马路的鸭子。(5)Dont use_up all the soap. Leave me some to wash with.不要把肥皂用光了，留一些给我洗东西用。(6)We went too fast round the corner and ran_into a lamppost.我们拐弯的时候太快了，撞到了路灯柱上。4 (教材P28)The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking
36、.接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行走非常困难。have some/much/great/little/no difficulty (in) doing/with sth.theres some/much/great/little/no difficulty (in) doing/with sth.做某事有一些/许多/很大/一点/没有困难have a problem (in) doing sth. 做某事有问题have a difficult time (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很有趣；从做某事中获得乐趣即学即用(1)Thou
37、gh Ive learned English for several years, I have some difficulty in communicating with foreigners.尽管我已学习英语几年了，我与外国人交流还有些困难。(2)Whenever we have difficulty with our studies, our teachers help us patiently.无论何时我们学习上有困难，老师都会耐心帮助我们。(3)There_is_no_difficulty in explaining her statements to him.向他解释她的陈述没什么
38、困难。(4)I had_some_difficulty_with my homework and turned to Mary for help.我做作业有些困难，要向玛丽求助。5 (教材P28)Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.斯科特和两名同伴继续向前，到达距离他们其中一个食物储存处不足11英里的地方。carry on继续做某事carry away 拿走carry out 进行(实验)；实施(计划)；履行(义务、约定)carry
39、 sb. through 帮助某人渡过难关即学即用(1)It is hoped that our children will carry on our family traditions.希望我们的孩子能继承家族的传统。(2)We must try to carry on as if nothing has happened.我们必须继续下去，当作什么事情都没有发生过。(3)His courage and determination carried_him_through.他的勇气和决心帮助他渡过了难关。(4)Determined to carry_out the plan as planne
40、d, they made very careful preparations.决定按计划执行，他们做了精心的准备。(5)Youll have an accident if you carry_on driving like that.如果你继续像那样开车你会出事的。这是一个倒装句，主语是the total darkness of the polar winter，谓语动词为came。倒装的原因是句子的主语太长，为了保持句子平衡而把谓语动词came直接置于主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装。完全倒装，就是将谓语动词置于主语前。构成完全倒装的条件：(1)表示地点的副词(here， there， up，
41、 down， out， in， away)，表示时间的副词(now， then)，表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come， go， lie， stand等不及物动词。(3)句子的主语是名词。注意：(1)这种完全倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)谓语动词的单复数视后面主语的单复数而定。(3)主语为代词时句子不使用完全倒装。即学即用(1)Then follows a scream of joy.紧接着是一声欢乐的叫声。(2)Once upon a time there_lived_a_man known by the name of Beef
42、.从前有个名叫比夫的人住在那儿。(3)Down came the rain and up_went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。(4)Among_these_people was his friend Jim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。(5)By_the_window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。(6)The door opened and in_came Mr Smith.门开了，史密斯先生进来了。(教材P28) He had teams of dogs pulling
43、 the sledges and all his men were on skis.他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都坐在滑雪板上。本句使用了句型“have宾语宾语补足语”，其中have是使役动词，意为“使，叫，让”。即学即用(1)My mum has me reading the poem.我妈妈让我一直读那首诗。(2)She had planned to have her daughter marry Laurie.她本打算让女儿嫁给劳里。(3)As we left, we had a photograph taken together.临走时，我们一起照了一张照片。(4)单句语法填空I ca
44、nt have you saying (say) to your parents this way.Shell have you doing (do) all the housework if youre not careful.The boss had the worker clean (clean) the office every day.单句语法填空1Plans for selling the new product are now in preparation (prepare)2It took a vast amount of patience (patient) not to s
45、hout at him.3We tried to stop the fire from spreading, but we knew it was hopeless (hope)4Now he was dead, and I could not get away from my sadness (sad)5The old man is the only one in his family who has survived (survive) the earthquake.6They will carry out this experiment, regardless of what happe
46、ns.7I had great difficulty finding (find) the suitable food in that restaurant.8It shocked me to_think (think) how close we had come to being killed.9They will run out of money very quickly.10We had several rests on the way to our village.完成句子1With_so_many_people_to_help_us,_we are sure to finish it in time.有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。2Within minutes he had_the_whole_audience_laughing_and_clapping.没出几分钟他就让全体观众笑着鼓起掌来。3I have_some_difficulty_(in)_solving the problem.解决这个问题我有些困难。4Out_rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。5Playing_computer_games_is a waste of time.玩电脑游戏就是浪费时间。