1、吉林省长春市2015高考英语译林阅读理解自练（2）及答案高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-AResearchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization（最佳化）
2、compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format（格式）that worksheets can take, they ar
3、e all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the related considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequenc
4、e is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision. Since most important problems are multifacete
5、d(多方面的)，there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, peop
6、le can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a posit
7、ion that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a clear statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because lo
8、ng-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?”1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. A tool to assist in making c
9、omplex decisions.B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.C. Research on how people make decisions.D. Difference between long-range and short-range decision-making.答案解析：答案为A。本题为主旨大意题。文章第一段开头就点出了讨论的话题 “Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make
10、an important decision, involves the use of a decision worksheet.”，帮助做重要决定的决策工作表，故答案为A。2. Of the following steps, which occurs before the three other steps in making a decision worksheet?A. Listing the consequences of each solution.B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.C. Deciding which
11、 consequences are most important.D. Writing down all possible solutions.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。由第一段 “Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.”可知，尽管决策工作表在格式上有不同之处，但是他们在本质方面是类似的。文章接下来就对制作决策工作表的步骤进行了介绍 “Worksheets req
12、uire defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, ” 可以推断，第一步就是定义问题并列举所有解答问题的方法，因此答案为D。3. According to decision-making worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that _.A. has the fewest variables to considerB. uses the most decision w
13、orksheetsC. has the most points assigned to itD. is agreed to by the greatest number of people答案解析：答案C。本题为细节推理题。由第一段 “Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions.”和“The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision
14、.”两句话，可知最佳决策是得分最高的那个，因此答案为C。4. The author develops the discussion in para. 1 by means of _.A. describing a processB. classifying types of worksheetsC. providing historical backgroundD. explaining a theory答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。结合前面第2、3题的分析可知，作者在第一段开始介绍了决策工作表，后面的内容陈述了决策工作表的制定步骤，因此答案为A。B选项“对决策工作表分类“；C选项“提供历
15、史背景”；D选项“解释一种理论”，显然都不是作者的写作手法，均不选。5. The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” in the last paragraph to explain that _.A. most decisions involve seven stepsB. human mental capacity has limitationsC. some people have difficulty making minor as w
16、ell as major decisionsD. people can keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意理解题。结合该句子的上下文 “One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. O
17、n the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships.” 可知，决策工作表的一个优点就是比起人的大脑一般可以理解和记住的东西来说，它可以处理更多的多样性，一般来说人的大脑一次能有七个想法，然而，当牵涉到很多个不一样的决策、并且它们之间关系比较复杂的时候，决策工作表特别有
18、用。因此作者说人的大脑一次能有七个想法意在表明人的大脑的能力有限。故答案为B。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-AWaikiki is a neighborhood of Honolulu, on the south shore of the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Waikiki Beach is the shoreline fronting Waikiki and one of the best known beaches in the world. Today the neighborhood and the beach are considered the center
19、 of the tourist industry in Hawaii. A majority of people are drawn here to the excitement of Waikiki Beach with its colorful clubs and taste-filled restaurants. The island activities range from surfing lessons to swimming. The frequently visited tourist beach, is actually fairly short, with half of
20、it marked off for surfers. Visitors to Waikiki Beach may have to look twice at the four-legged sufer boarding in to shore just to make sure they are not dreaming, but the regulars are not surprised. They know the eight-year-old pup is Bugsy, a local legend whose owner, David Yew, taught the dog to s
21、urf. Yew, 39, got the idea while he and Bugsy were not walking on the beach and came across a statue of a surfer. Yew placed the dog down on the surfboard to take a photo, and the scene looked so natural that Yew was inspired to take the next step. Soon the two were surfing together. Bugsy loves the
22、 water so much that Yew has trouble in keeping it up. Bugsy wasnt always full of energy and fun. Two days after Yew, a doctor of emergency medicine, adopted the 12-week-old puppy from a shelter, Bugsy had a serious cough. Yew rushed the pup to the ICU of a vet hospital, where he stayed until Yew cou
23、ld no longer afford to keep him there. Bugsy needed further treatment, so Yew built his own ICU in his apartment and gave the sick pup treatment himself until his companion. Bugsy recovered a few days later. Since then, the doctor and dog have been inseparable.Saving Bugsys life creat unconditional
24、trust between him and me, Yew says. He knows Ill take care of him no matter what happens. That may be what fuels Bugsys spirits. The pair surf together every week and have shared other experiences, including skydiving. At Yews wedding to Aimee Kim last year, a tuxedoed Bugsy carried the rings for th
25、em. Bugsy and Yew have given up skydiving, at the brides insistence. But hang up the board? No way.I want this dog to experience the same joy that I have in my life,says Yew. 1. It can be learned from the passage that _.A. Bugsy is the name of a dog from a taleB. Visitors can only swim and surf here
26、C. Yew and Bugsy gave up surfing because of Aimee KimD. Yew and Bugsy are a common sight on Waikiki Beach答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推理题。由第二段内容可知，到Waikiki海滩旅游的游客或许要看两遍这条四只腿的冲浪者才能确认他们不是在做梦，但是经常来海滩的游客就不吃惊了，因为他们知道这只八岁狗的主人David Yew在教它学会冲浪。可以推断，D选项“Yew 和 Bugsy是Waikiki 海滩一道普通的风景线”符合文意。Bugsy是条真实存在的狗，不是故事中的狗，故A选项错误。由第一段
27、倒数第二句话 “The island activities range from surfing lessons to swimming.”可知，海滩的活动在冲浪到游泳的范围之间，也就是不止这两项，故B选项错误。由最后一段 “Bugsy and Yew have given up skydiving, at the brides insistence. But hang up the board? No way.”可知，在新娘Aimee Kim的坚持下，Bugsy 和 Yew放弃了跳伞运动，但是会放弃冲浪吗？没门。因此C选项错误。2. What caused Yew to make the d
28、ecision to let Bugsy surf?A. Yews good care and treatment of the clever creature.B. The smartness of the dog.C. The natural-looking sight of Bugsy on the surfboard.D. Bugsys love of water.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。由第三段 “Yew placed the dog down on the surfboard to take a photo, and the scene looked so natural
29、 that Yew was inspired to take the next step. Soon the two were surfing together.”可知，Yew决定让Bugsy狗冲浪是因为狗在冲浪板上拍照的情景非常自然。故答案为C。3. What do we know about Bugsy?A. He was taught to skydive by the bride.B. He was cured in the ICU of a hospital.C. He was stayed with with Yew for four years.D. He will never
30、give up surfing.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推理题。结合第1题对最后一段的分析可知，新娘坚持Bugsy 和 Yew放弃跳伞运动，但是Bugsy不会放弃冲浪，由此可以推断，A选项错误，D选项正确。由第四段“Bugsy needed further treatment, so Yew built his own ICU in his apartment and gave the sick pup treatment himself until his companion. Bugsy recovered a few days later.” 可知，Bugsy是在Yew自己公寓为它
31、建的ICU里治愈的，因此B选项错误。由第二段提到的 “the eight-year-old pup”和第四段中的 “Two days after Yew,adopted the 12-week-old puppy” 可知，他们在一起有几乎八年了，故C选项错误。4. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Fantastic surfing, along the Waikiki Beach B. A four-legged surfer, a beatiful sight on the beachC. A friend in nedd is a friend
32、 indeedD. A warm-hearted doctor and his dog答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的标题。本文的写作主题是会冲浪的狗， 因此B选项作为标题最醒目，最能概括全文的主题。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-B Soapy turned off Broadway. It seemed that his route to the desired Island was not to be an enjoyable one. Some other way of entering limbo must be thought of At a corner of Sixth Avenu
33、e electric lights and cunningly displayed wares behind plate-glass made a shop window bright. Soapy took a stone and threw it through the glass. People came running round the corner，a policeman in the leadSoapy stood still，with his hands in his pockets，and smiled at the sight of brass buttons “Where
34、s the man that has done that?” asked the officer excitedly “Dont you figure out that I might have had something to do with it?” said Soapy, not without hatred, but friendly, as one greets good fortune The policemans mind refused to accept Soapy even as a suspect. Men who break windows do not remain
35、to talk with the law protector. They take to their heels. The policeman saw a man haft-way down the block running to catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the chasingSoapy，with anger in his heart, wandered along, twice unsuccessful On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of popular s
36、tyles. It provided food to large appetites and modem purses. Its plates and atmosphere were thick; its soup and napkin thin. Into this place Soapy took his muddy shoes and tell-tale trousers without challengeAt the table he sat and enjoyed beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie. And then to the wai
37、ter he betrayed the face that the minutest coin and himself were strangers “Now, get busy and call a cop，”said Soapy“And dont keep a gentleman waiting” “No cop for you，”said the waiter，with a voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in a Manhattan cocktail，“Hey，Con!” Nearly upon his left e
38、ar on the senseless pavement two waiters threw SoapyHe arose, joint by joint，as a carpenters rule opens, and beat the dust from his clothes. Arrest seemed but a rosy dream. The Island seemed very far away. A policeman who stood before a drug store two doors away laughed and walked down the street1.
39、What did the word “Island” in the passage refer to? A. A very pleasant hotel in Broadway B. One of the cities in America C. A place where law-breakers were sent to D. A shop at the corner of the Sixth Avenue答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。该词实则是全文的灵魂词，对该词的准确猜测建立在读懂全文故事的基础之上。第一段中Soapy所理想的“Island”是个什么地方？通过读后面的故事可知，
40、他故意打破商店的玻璃，故意到餐馆大吃一顿不付钱都是为了被警察抓住，但是警察都没抓他，最后一段写到 “Arrest seemed but a rosy dream. The Island seemed very far away. A policeman who stood before a drug store two doors away laughed and walked down the street” 逮捕似乎只是个美好的梦想，Island似乎非常遥远，站在药店前的一个警察笑着走了。因此可以推断，Soapy想去的地方就是监狱，故C选项是对“Island”的准确解释。2. Why di
41、d Soapy stand still outside the shop window? A. He was waiting to be arrested B. He wanted to help the policeman C. He intended to play a joke with the policeman D. He was watching the policeman chasing the man who ran to catch a car答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由第三、四段的内容可知，他打破玻璃后站在窗户外，警察问是谁干的，他对警察说“你们没看到是我干的吗
42、?”，他希望被警察抓住，故答案为A。3. What did the underlined words in Paragraph 6 mean? A. The man had never seen the waiter before. B. The man was penniless C. The man was a stranger to the city D. The coin was not real so that the waiter refused to accept it答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意理解题。本题可用排除法。结合划线部分的后文第七段Soapy对服务员说的话 “ No
43、w, get busy and call a cop，”他让服务员叫警察抓他，因此A、C、D选项都不是划线部分的深层含义。只有B选项 “这个人身无分文”最符合文意。4. Why did Soapy go into the restaurant? A. He was very hungry B. He wanted to have a dinner with someone C. He wanted to draw the policemans attention by having dinner without payD. The restaurant was cheap and he had not much money答案解析：答案为C。结合前面几题的分析可知，他去餐馆白吃就是希望警察抓他。故答案为C。