1、阅读理解（二）1、 Is dark chocolate healthy? Yes,dark chocolate has compounds(化合物) that offer health benefits and can be enjoyed without guilt, even on a daily basis. But the amount matters, since too many bites can contribute to extra fat, sugar and calories and get rid of its health benefits.Dark chocolat
2、e is rich in cocoa, which contains compounds known as flavanols(黄烷醇). At high levels, cocoa flavanols have been shown to help lower blood pressure and the risk of diabetes. Dark chocolate has the highest amount of cocoa flavanols: milk chocolate has lens, and white chocolate has none. But while coco
3、a flavanols in dark chocolate make it a healthful treat they give it a biter flavor. Producers may process chocolate to make it more delicious, but doing so can remove some of these beneficial compounds,said Matt Hartings, an American professor. In spite of this,dark chocolate is still a healthier c
4、hoice than milk chocolate, which tends to have more sugar. Additionally, cocoa powder contains minerals. So you can enjoy a piece of dark chocolate even after a meal. Just keep the following in mind. First, buy chocolate that has at least 60% cocoa. Generally speaking,the higher the percentage, the
5、more flavanols. These higher-percentage chocolates have the added benefit over the lower percentages and milk and white chocolates because they contain less sugar and less fat,” Hartings said. Second, if possible, choose natural cocoa over Dutch processed cocoa, which is treated with an alkali(碱). T
6、his gives chocolate a milder flavor but removes healthful flavanols. And finally, to keep weight in check, limit to 30 grams of dark chocolate daily, or about 150 calories.1.Dark chocolate is healthy mainly because of the existence of_.A.rich mineralsB.less sugarC.cocoa flavanolsD.fewer calories2.Wh
7、at does the underlined word “treat” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Something enjoyable.B.A salt-free diet.C.Food paid by others.D.A cure for an illness.3.What can we learn from the text?A.Cocoa flavanols leads to high blood pressure.B.White chocolate is good for health.C.One can feel free to eat dark chocola
8、te.D.Alkali can affect flavanols content.4.Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love for dark chocolate.B.To promote the sales of chocolate.C.To provide facts about dark chocolate.D.To make a distinction among chocolates.2、 Many of us have reached in our pockets,feeling a vibr
9、ation(振动), wrongly believing our mobile phones have just rung. The phenomenon even has a name: phantom vibration syndromeand found it is surprisingly common. Now scientists believe that we are so alert(警觉) for phone calls and messages we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms(痉挛) as proof of a cal
10、l. Robert Rosenberger, an assistant professor at the Georgia Tech Institute of Technology has studied the delusional calls. He said sufferers describe a vague tingling feeling which they think is their mobile phone indicating it has received a text message or call while on “silent”. But when the dev
11、ice is retrieved,there was no one on the other end. Dr. Rosenberger said, “ I find so many people say, This happens to me, but I thought I was the only one. I thought I was odd.” It seems that the syndrome particularly affects people at the beck and call of mobile phones or pagers. A 2010 study by M
12、ichael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 per cent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations. A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 per cent. While the odd feeling is widespread, it does not seem to be considered a grave p
13、roblem. Dr. Rosenberger said,“Its not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. Thats just the name thats got stuck to it. He added, “Only 2 per cent of people consider it a problem. While widespread, the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom of why we suffer
14、 phantom calls. Dr. Rosenberger said, People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy. The cognitive(认知的) scientists are talking about brain chemistry, cognitive pathways changing. But its not like they have brain scans to go on. He said, “We have a phone call in our pocket all the ti
15、me and it becomes sort of an extension of ourselves. We have this sort of readiness to experience a call. We feel something and we think, OK, that could be a call.”1.Why do some people mistake slight muscle spasms for a call?A.They all have a vivid imagination.B.They are sensitive to calls and messa
16、ges.C.There are few calls and messages in their life.D.Sight muscle spasms affect them more than other people.2.Which of the following are more likely to have phantom vibration syndrome than others?A.Doctors.B.University professors.C.College students.D.The cognitive scientists.3.In Dr. Rosenbergers
17、opinion, phantom vibration syndrome_.A.isnt a kind of disease actuallyB.is considered a problem by most peopleC.is a serious problem ignored by peopleD.has something to do with brain chemistry3、 It goes without saying, but bears repeating, there are too many cats and dogs without homes. While there
18、are countless shelters and rescue centers that exist, some potential pet owners look to pet shops to find their furry friends. All too often, however, these animals come from puppy and kitten mills (繁殖场) that treat the creatures in cruel ways. San Francisco, however, is doing their part to stop this
19、 abuse with pet store adoption. Officials recently voted to ban the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops. The effect is two-fold. One, it will stop the popularity of the large-scale mills, which are famous for the miserable conditions cats and does are kept in. Two, it will help facilitat
20、e the adoption of thousands of animals that are waiting for their forever homes in San Francisco shelters. District 4 Supervisor Katy Tang, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, supported law-making on the ban. “Dogs and cats sold in pet stores often come from inhumane puppy and kitt
21、en mills that treat animals with no regard for their health or well-being”, she wrote on Facebook. In her message, she also called on the U. S. Agriculture Department to reinstate information on its website that documents these types of animal cruelty casesit was removed earlier this month. San Fran
22、ciscos law-making is a victory for those concerned about animal rights, and they arent the first city to pass this type of measure. Los Angeles, San Diego, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, and Austin also have similar laws in place, with hopefully more places to follow suit.1.What happened to some dog
23、s and cats before they got in the pet stores?A.They were treated cruelly.B.They were abandoned in streets.C.They received warm welcome.D.They were raised in shelters and rescue centers.2.Which of the following may Katy Tang agree with most?A.People should adopt the dogs and cats.B.Animals are too cr
24、uel to humans being.C.Government can choose to kill all the dogs and cats.D.It is not right to ban the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops.3.What does the underlined word “reinstate” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.updateB.replaceC.post againD.download4.What does the last paragraph mainly focus on
25、?A.No Chinese city joins this type of movement.B.San Francisco is the last city to ban pet stores.C.Americans care about animals more than humans.D.More and more cities are involved in animal rights.4、 In todays global world, more and more people travel to foreign countries. Cross cultural awareness
26、 and an understanding of foreign etiquette is important if you want to succeed as an international business person. Behaviour that is polite at home may be considered rude in another country. In particular, by learning about dining etiquette and table manners, you can avoid offending people and this
27、 can directly influence your business success. John Smiths book The Perfect Guest is a goldmine of information for the globe - trotting business person. There are chapters dedicated to all the main problem areas of dining etiquette and entertaining in different countries and tips on how to cope with
28、 embarrassing situations. These are some of the areas which are covered in the book. Seating arrangements Whether you are eating at a restaurant or at someones home, there may be a fixed protocol of who sits where. Do men and women sit together? Is there a hierarchy according to age or status? Rules
29、 vary greatly. For example, inKorea, it is customary to offer the best seat to the most senior person; in theUS, there are no specific seating rules. If you dont know where to sit, wait until your host shows you. Conversation Is the dining table the right place to have a conversation or is the meal
30、taken in silence? In France, for instance, the meal is a social affair with loud animated conversations and most topics are acceptable, including business. In Japanor Vietnam, on the other hand, only quiet conversation is acceptable and business is never conducted at the dinner table. Food What type
31、 of food is popular? Is it polite to remark on the food? Should you eat everything or leave some food on your plate? Is it polite to ask for the salt and pepper if it isnt on the table? And how can you deal with a food delicacy that you find disgusting? In Europe, it is polite to eat everything on y
32、our plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. If you clean your plate, it will be filled up again immediately.1.Who is most likely to find the information useful?A.A business person.B.A scientist.C.A student.D.A soldier.2.When you are a guest in the US, where should you sit?A.In the best
33、 seat.B.Where your host shows you to sit.C.Wherever you like.D.Next to the senior.3.You leave food on your plate in Egypt _.A.to show that you have eaten enoughB.so that there arc leftovers for the catC.to show that you dont like the foodD.but it is considered rude4.The passage mainly tells us _.A.c
34、ross cultural dining etiquetteB.cultural differences around the worldC.how to improve cultural awarenessD.why the book is worth buying5、In fairy tales, its usually the princess that needs protecting. At Google in Silicon Valley, the princess is the one defending the castle. Parisa Tabriz is a 31-yea
35、r-old with perhaps the most unique job title in engineering- “Google Security Princess”. Her job is to hack into the most popular web browser (浏览器) on the planet, trying to find weaknesses in the system before the “black hats” do. To defeat Googles attackers, Tabriz must firstly think like them.Tabr
36、izs role has evolved dramatically in the eight years since she first started working at Google. Back then, the young graduate from Illinois University was one of 50 security engineers-today there are over 500.Cybercrime (网络犯罪) has come a long way in the past decade - from the Nigerian Prince Scam to
37、 credit card theft. Tabrizs biggest concern now is the people who find bugs in Googles software, and sell the information to governments or criminals. To fight against this, the company has set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program, paying anywhere from $100 to $ 20,000 for reported mistakes.Its a worl
38、d away from Tabrizs computer-free childhood home in Chicago. The daughter of an Iranian-American doctor father, and Polish-American nurse mother, Tabriz had little contact with computers until she started studying engineering at college. Gaze across a line-up of Google security staff today and youll
39、 find women like Tabriz are few and far between(稀少的) -though in the last few years she has hired more female tech geniuses. She admits theres an obvious gender disequilibrium in Silicon Valley.Funnily enough, during training sessions Tabriz first asks new colleagues to hack into not a computer, but
40、a vending machine. Tabrizs job is as much about technological know-how (专门知识) as understanding the psychology of attackers.1.What can we learn about Tabriz from the passage?A.She was the first female engineer at Google.B.She must think differently so as to defeat the attackers.C.Her job relates to n
41、ot only technology but also psychology.D.Her frequent contact with computers in childhood benefits her a lot.2.Why has Google set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program?A.To protect Google against cybercrime.B.To monitor the normal operation of Google.C.To help the government locate the cybercriminals.D
42、.To raise peoples awareness of personal information safety.3.What does the underlined word “disequilibrium” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.Imbalance.B.Preference.C.Difference.D.Discrimination.4.Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?A.What leads to cybercrimeB.The Security Princes
43、s who guards GoogleC.Measures taken by Google to protect its usersD.How to become an excellent security engineer6、Over seven months have passed since Panamanian officials launched an expansion of the world famous Panama Canal. Officials agreed to the expansion so that many of the worlds largest carg
44、o ships (货船) could easily pass through the canal. Yet the $ 5.25-billion project has problems. It says ships still continue to rub against the canals walls and wear out its defenses designed to protect both shipping and the waterway.A dangerous system The canal links two oceans-the Atlantic and the
45、Pacific-through a system of locks (船闸). The locks are like steps. They raise and lower ships from one part of the waterway to another on their trip from ocean to ocean. With the old locks, which are still in use, large ships would be tied to powerful engines on both sides. These engines help to keep
46、 the ships in the center of the canal. In the new locks, the ships are tied to tugboats (拖船). One tugboat is tied to the front of the ship, with the other tied to the back. These boats then guide the ships through the canal. At first, pilots of the cargo ships and tugboat operators would sometimes t
47、ry to rub the boats against the canal walls as a way to keep the ships straight. But this caused damage to rubber padding (垫料) lining the walls. Not enough training Even before the expanded canal opened in June 2016, tugboat operators had expressed concern about the new system.Many asked for more tr
48、aining. The fears and dangers remain, although the boats are going through. The Panama Canal Authority reports that, between June 2016 and January 2017, there were only 15 incidents that resulted in damage to locks or ships. That represents about 2 percent of the 700 times ships that have sailed thr
49、ough the expanded canal. Pilots have argued they should be replaced with a system of floating bumpers (减震) like those used in some European locks. Officials say they plan to continue operating with the current system of defenses, but changes could happen in the future.1.What is the difference betwee
50、n the new locks and the old ones?A.The old locks dont need rubber padding as defenses.B.The new locks need tugboats tied to both sides of the ships.C.The new locks are easier for the largest ships to pass through the canal.D.The old locks need powerful engines to drag the ships through the canal.2.W
51、hat is the Panama Canal Authoritys attitude towards the expanded canal?A.Cautious.B.Critical.C.Positive.D.Doubtful.3.What can we learn about the current system of defenses?A.No ships shall rub against the canal walls to protect it.B.Nothing will be done at present to improve it.C.More training will
52、be given to pilots for it.D.A new system will replace it. 7、 Stonehenge,the world-famous circle of stone columns may have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother. University of Bradford researchers announced they had discovered about 100 stones covering several acres thought to have been built a
53、round 4,500 years ago. The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project discovered the monument, which is near Durrington Walls,also known as “superhenge”. Stonehenge,which is believed to have been completed 3,500 years ago,is about 2 miles away. “What we are starting to see is the largest surviving stone m
54、onument, preserved underneath a bank, that has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe,” Vince Gaffney. The evidence was found under 3 feet of earth. Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were toppled. “Our radar data has shown an amazing row of up to 9
55、0 standing stones,a number of which have survived after being pushed over, and a large bank placed over the stones,” said professor Wolfgang Neubauer, director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology. “In the east,up to 30 stones. have survived below,
56、” he said. “The extraordinary scale and details of the evidence produced by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project, which the new discoveries at Durrington Walls, is changing greatly our understanding of Stonehenge and the world around it,” Neubauer added. “Everything written before about the Ston
57、ehenge landscape and the ancient monuments within it will need to be rewritten,” said Paul Garwood, a scientist and lead historian on the project at the University of Birmingham. The findings were announced on the first day of the British Science Festival being held at the University of Bradford.1.C
58、ompared to the Stonehenge,the superhenge is believed to be_.A.1,000 years earlierB.1,000 years laterC.3,500 years earlierD.4,500 years earlier2.What do researchers think of the superhenge?A.It is the biggest monument discovered in the world.B.It was built much later than the Stonehenge.C.It is the l
59、argest surviving stone monument found in England.D.It is better protected than the Stonehenge.3.What do the underlined word “toppled” most probably mean?A.Set up.B.Pushed down.C.Moved away.D.Brought up.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.The southern England has many historic sitesB.The Britis
60、h Science Festival will be held againC.Bigger Brother to Stonehenge has been discoveredD.The Project at the University of Birmingham8、 No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助动词) and suff
61、ixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which many language experts cant understand and explain iswho created grammar? Some recent lang
62、uages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the slaves didnt know each others languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many w
63、ords to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children didnt simply copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapt
64、ed their words to create an expressive language. In this way complex grammar systems which come from pidgins were invented. Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical machinery that is found i
65、n spoken languages. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It was basic
66、ally a pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new system was born when children who joined the school later developed a quite different sign language. It was based on the signs of the older children, but it was shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of special use
67、 of grammar to clarify the meaning. Whats more, they all used the signs in the same way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved. Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually ev
68、olved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense“ed” ending may have evolved from the verb “do”. “It ended” may once have been “It end-did”. It seems that children have grammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures, even when there i
69、s no grammar present for them to copy.1.What can be inferred about the slaves pidgin language?A.It was difficult to understand.B.It came from different languages.C.It was created by the landowners.D.It contained highly complex grammar.2.What is the characteristic of the new Nicaraguan sign language?
70、A.No consistent signs were used for communication.B.Most of the gestures were made for everyday activities.C.The hand movements were smoother and more attractive.D.The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.3.Which idea does the author present in the last paragraph?A.English grammar of
71、past tense system is inaccurate.B.Children say English past tense differently from adults.C.The thought that English was once a pidgin is acceptable.D.Experts have proven that English was created by children.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Creators of GrammarB.The History of Languages
72、C.Why Pidgins Came into BeingD.How Grammar Systems Are Used 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.C解析：1.细节理解题。由“Dark chocolate is rich in cocoa,which contains compounds known as flavanols(黄烷醇). At high levels, cocoa flavanols have been shown to help lower blood pressure and the risk of diabetes. ”可知黑巧克力是
73、健康的,主要是因为可可黄烷醇的存在,选C项。2.词义猜测题。根据“But while cocoa flavanols in dark chocolate make it a healthful treat, they give it a biter flavor.”可知虽然黑巧克力中的可可黄烷醇使得它成为一种健康的享受,但是它发出一点苦味,所以选A项。3.推理判断题。由“Second, if possible, choose natural cocoa over Dutch processed cocoa,which is treated with an alkali(碱). This giv
74、es chocolate a milder flavor but removes healthful flavanols. ”可知碱会影响黄烷醇的含量, 选D项。4.写作意图题。这篇文章主要讲了黑巧克力是健康食物的原因,并且说明食用黑巧克力要适量,这作者写这篇文章的目的是提供关于黑巧克力的一些事实,故选C项。 2答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,科学家们认为我们对电话和短信如此警觉以至于我们会把轻微的肌肉痉挛误认为是电话,所以B项正确。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A more recent study of US college st
75、udents found the figure was as high as 90 per cent.”可知,高达90%的美国大学生患有振动幻听综合征。3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Its not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. ”可知,Dr. Rosenberger 认为,从专业角度来说,这并不是一种综合征。也就是说,他认为这并不是一种病。 3答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.D; 4.D解析：1.细节理解题根据第二段中的“ Dogs and cats sold in pet stores often come from inhu
76、mant- puppy and kitten mills that treat animals with no regard for iheir health or well-being”可知,它们曾遭受过虐待。故选A。2.推理判断题,根据第二段可知第4区主管Katy Tang支持禁令,赞成小动物等待人们来收养让它们有个永恒的家园。由此可知选A。3.猜测词义题。根据第二段“In her message,she also called on the U. S. Agriculture Department to reinstate information on its website that
77、documents these types of animal cruelty cases”内容可知,在Katy Tang的脸书上她呼吁美国农业部用网上的信息来记录虐待动物的案件。要用网上的信息就必须从网上下载(download),update更新; replace替换;post again再次发布;download下载。分析选项可知D项符合题意,故选D项。4.推理判断题,根据尾段内容可知洛杉矶、圣迭戈、芝加哥、费城、 波士顿和奥斯汀也有类似的法律,希望有更多的地方能效仿。由此可推断出越来越多的城市加入这种有关动物权利保护的行列。故选D。 4答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.
78、A解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“John Smiths book 77ze Perfect Guest is a goldmine of information for the globe-trot-ting business person. ”可知,这些信息对商业人士有用。2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的in the US,there are no specific seating rules. If you dont know where to sit,wait until your host shows you. ”可知,在美国.如果你不知道坐在哪里,可等着主人安排。3.细节理解题
79、。根据最后一段中的“In Europe,it is polite to eat everything on your plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. ”可知,在欧洲把盘子里的食物吃光是有礼貌的,在埃及是没礼貌的。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍就餐时、座次的安排、谈话的内容和食物是否能吃光等。由此可知,A项“跨文化餐饮礼仪”可作为标题。 5答案及解析：答案： 1.C; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B解析： 1.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话Tabrizs job is as much about technolo
80、gical know-how(专门知识)as understanding the psychology of attackers. Tabriz的工作对于技术的知识和对攻击者心理的理解一样重要,可知Tabriz的工作和技术以及心理学都有关系。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第三段的句子To fight against this, the company has set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program联系上文,理解句子中this指代的就是上文说的网络犯罪,可知Google建立Vulnerability Rewards Program的目的就是对了保护Google
81、免受网络犯罪的影响。故选A。3.词义猜测题。联系上文youll find women like Tabriz are few and far between(稀少的)- though in the last few years she has hired more female tech geniuses.你会发现像Tabriz这样的女性非常少,尽管在过去几年她雇佣了更多的女性技术骨干。可知这里Tabriz说的是在硅谷有明显的性别不平衡。可判断“disequilibrium”的词义是“不平衡”。故选A。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章向我们介绍了保护Google安全的“Google Secu
82、rity Princess” Parisa Tabriz以及她的工作。故所以标题用The “Security Princess” who guards Google“保护Google的安全公主”合适,故选B。 6答案及解析：答案： 1.C; 2.C; 3.B解析： 1.推理判断题。根据第三段With the old locks, large ships would be tied to powerful engines on both sides. These engines help to keep the ships in the center of the canal. In the n
83、ew locks, the ships are tied to tugboats (拖船). One tugboat is tied to the front of the ship, with the other tied to the back. These boats then guide the ships through the canal.可知新锁更利于大船通过,操作更容易。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第一段Officials agreed to the expansion so that many of the worlds largest cargo ships (货船) co
84、uld easily pass through the canal.倒数第二段The Panama Canal Authority reports that, between June 2016 and January 2017, there were only 15 incidents that resulted in damage to locks or ships. That represents about 2 percent of the 700 times ships that have sailed through the expanded canal.和最后一段Official
85、s say they plan to continue operating with the current system of defenses,可知巴拿马当局对巴拿马运河的扩建是肯定的,故选C。3.细节推理题。根据最后一段Officials say they plan to continue operating with the current system of defenses, but changes could happen in the future.可知对巴拿马运河当前的防御系统继续运行,目前不会变化将来可能会发生改变。故选B。 7答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B;
86、 4.C解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“thoughtto have been built around 4,500 years ago”可知,超级巨石阵是在4500年前建造的;而根据第二段第三句中的 which is believed to have been completed 3,500 years ago”可知,巨石阵是3500年前建造的;因此超级巨石阵早了1000年。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的. is the largest surviving stone monument. that has ever been discov-ered in Britain and
87、possibly in Europe. 可知,C 项与该意思相符。3.词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were. 中的to have stood可知,该词的意思应该是“倒塌;使倒塌”的意思,所以选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“. may have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother”可知,该文章主要讲述的是巨石阵还有一个“大哥哥”的事情。 8答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A解析
88、：1.推理判断题。根据第二段Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood.可知Pidgins是从许多语言中复制出来的,没有语法,需要用很多词表达才能让别人明白。由此可知这种语言很难懂,故选A.2.细节理解题。根据第三段it was shorter and easier to
89、 understand, and it had a large range of special use of grammar to clarify the meaning. Whats more, they all used the signs in the same way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved.可知新Nicaraguan手势语比以前的手势语更简单易懂,有大量的特殊语法来阐明意义。故选D.3.推理判断题。最后一段Most experts believe that many of the languages were pid
90、gins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system.介绍专家们认为许多语言都起源于pidgins,后来逐渐演变成一个被广泛接受的系统。下面列举了英语的例子,说明英语也起源于pidgins.故选C.4.主旨大意题。第一段最后However, the question which many language experts cant understand and explain iswho created grammar?提出问题,谁创造了语法?下文列举了专家们的观点和证据,说明了许多语言的起源。The Creators of Grammar是全文的主题,适合作为标题,故选A.