1、第25节天气与自然(一).阅读理解A(2018湖南高三34校联考)Dodder is an unusual and unwanted plant that attacks other plants.Except for its flowers，the plant looks like spaghetti，a kind of noodles in the shape of long thin pieces that look like string when they are cooked.Its almost leafless，threadlike stems(茎) hang down on
2、top of other plants that dodder needs to stay alive.Dodder does not produce its own food.Instead，it steals food from other plants.It feeds by sucking juices from the plant which is wrapped around，often making its host very weak or even killing it.Dodder can find other plants by their smell.When a yo
3、ung dodder plant starts growing，it follows the smell of plants it prefers，like tomato plants，potato plants，or other farm crops.Unlike most plants that usually grow in the direction of light or warmth，a dodder plant will grow in the direction of，for example，tomato smellif a tomato happens to be growi
4、ng nearby.However，a young dodder plant must find a host plant quickly.It no longer needs its root once it is attached to the host and wrapped around it.If it cannot catch a smell of a potential host within a few days，it will dry up and disappeareven if there is plenty of water around.Once it finds a
5、 host，the young dodder plant will attach itself to it and start growing faster.At that point the dodder plant will drop its root.Dodder is thus a difficult weed to manage and a real headache for farmers.When it does get out of hand，dodder can greatly reduce a farmers harvest or even destroy crops co
6、mpletely.Before sowing their produce，especially farmers in warm parts of the world often check to make sure no unwanted dodder seeds have mixed with their crop seeds.This is a good way to stop dodder plants from making their way to a crop field secretly.1Why does the author mention spaghetti in the
7、first paragraph?ATo analyze the content of some food.BTo describe the shape of dodder plants.CTo explain where the dodder plants come from.DTo argue that dodder plants can be used.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the plant looks like spaghetti，a kind of noodles in the shape of long thin pieces that look like stri
8、ng when they are cooked”可知，作者把菟丝子和意大利面条相比是用人们熟悉的事物来说明菟丝子的形状，故选B。2What will happen if a dodder plant starts growing where there are no other plants around?AIt will die sooner or later.BIt will grow deep roots.CIt will attract other plants.DIt will cover the entire area of soil.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If i
9、t cannot catch a smell of a potential host within a few days，it will dry up and disappeareven if there is plenty of water around.”可知，菟丝子如果找不到可以攀附的植物，它就会干枯死亡。故选A。3What can be inferred from the passage?ADodder does not produce its own food.BDodder can affect farmers income.CDodder can only survive in
10、the shade.DDodder only grows in the warm areas.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When it does get out of hand，dodder can greatly reduce a farmers harvest or even destroy crops completely.”可知，当它失控时，菟丝子可以大大减少农民的收成，甚至完全毁坏庄稼。由此可见菟丝子会影响农民们的收入。C、D两项说法错误，A项正确，但文中有原句，不是推断出来的。故选B。4What is the main topic of the passage?AA
11、new variety of farm crops.BPlants that are harmful to humans.CThe special abilities of a dangerous plant.DRecent improvements in farming methods.答案C解析主旨大意题。根据首句“Dodder is an unusual and unwanted plant that attacks other plants.”和下文对dodder特殊生长习性和危害的叙述可知，本文主要在介绍这种特殊的又有危害的植物，故选C。B(2018全国名校联盟冲刺卷)The sno
12、wy owl(雪鹗) is a whitecolored owl with many unique characteristics.This bird bears a pure white appearance(only the male)，with a rounded head，and black bill.While the male is actually a pure white individual，the female and young ones have a darker appearance with dusky spots.The female owl never atta
13、ins complete whiteness in her lifetime.As young owls get older，they get whiter，losing their heavy stripes(条纹) and dark spots.This bird is between 18 to 20 inches long.Its wingspan is 49 to 59 inches.It weighs between 3.5 to 6.5 pounds.The snowy owl lives in the regions of Greenland，Iceland，Canada an
14、d the northern parts of USA.Carolus Linnaeus was the first person to classify this bird.Apart from being the heaviest owl in North America，it is also the official bird of Quebec.It is known by other names such as “the Arctic Owl” or “the Great White Owl”The reason for this birds adaptation to the co
15、ld temperatures of the Arctic Circle is its splendidly beautiful，white，and thick feathers.These feathers help it to survive the extreme cold and develop a perfect camouflage(伪装) in the “white” of its Arctic habitat.The snowy owl is a very patient hunter，and it can sit in one place for hours.Gifted w
16、ith great hearing and keen eyesight，it is known to be an efficient and clever hunter.It is not difficult for it to track down its prey，which might be barely visible under thick plants or snow cover.Before soaring off in pursuit，the bird waits patiently and identifies its potential prey.Once the prey
17、 comes within the proper range，it lays its attack with its sharphooked claws.It hunts both during the day and at night.5What can we conclude about the snowy owl from the first paragraph?AIt is a bird with pure white feathers.BIt is a bird which is big and heavy.CIt has a white appearance with black
18、spots.DThe female owl is whiter than the male one.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This bird is between 18 to 20 inches long.Its wingspan is 49 to 59 inches.It weighs between 3.5 to 6.5 pounds.”以及第二段中的“Apart from being the heaviest owl in North America，it is also the official bird of Quebec.”可知，雪鹗是一种鸟类，它们个头大，非常重。
19、故选B。6Why can the snowy owl adapt to the cold climate of the Arctic Circle?AThanks to its living areas.BBecause of its special feathers.CAs a result of its clever mind.DOwing to its strong wings.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The reason for this birds adaptation to the cold temperatures of the Arctic Circle is i
20、ts splendidly beautiful，white，and thick feathers.These feathers help it to survive the extreme cold and develop a perfect camouflage(伪装) in the white of its Arctic habitat.”可知，雪鹗能适应北极圈的寒冷是因为它有特殊的羽毛。故选B。7What does the underlined expression “track down” mean?AChase. BFind.CAttract. DRecognize.答案B解析词义猜
21、测题。根据前文“it is known to be an efficient and clever hunter(众所周知，它是一个高效而聪明的猎手)”以及后文“its prey，which might be barely visible under thick plants or snow cover(它的猎物在厚厚的植物或积雪下几乎看不见)”可知，此处划线部分意思是“发现，找到”。故选B。8What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe brief introduction of the snowy owl.BThe snowy owl is th
22、e heaviest bird in the world.CThe snowy owl is first classified by Carolus Linnaeus.DThe difference between the Arctic owl and the snowy owl.答案A解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了大型鹗类雪鹗的外貌特征和生活习性。故选A。.完形填空(2018河南中原名校第六次考评)Isnt it amazing how you never have to water your weeds or nurture(培育) them and they still giv
23、e you an unwanted crop?I can remember as a young boy my grandfather showed me how to 9 this annoying weed called Bermuda grass.It was 10 stuff and it would really 11 if you didnt get it out by the 12 .When my wife and I bought our first home about 8 years ago，what I had to deal with was this certain
24、 part of weeds 13 to the Bermuda grass，which would also spread wildly.After getting the inside of our home 14 ，it was time to work on the outside.On my hands and knees I 15 attacked the weeds with a small hand spade getting each one 16 by the roots.Just this spring I realized that one particular wee
25、d was no longer 17 but another one was in full 18 .So again，I got down on my hands and knees and got to work 19 them from my yard.When I was 20 ，my yard was better off.Sometimes our life can be so similar.We all have weeds in our life.These weeds can be challenges，setbacks，or 21 beliefs，and the list
26、 can be 22 .When dealing with these weeds of 23 ，the 24 is to get to the roots of them and remove them one by one and eventually you will 25 this round.And when another crop of weeds 26 ，deal with them directly 27 they spread，because now that you know what to do with them by getting to the root of i
27、t，it will give you more courage and 28 next time a problem arises.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者自己铲除杂草的经历，引申到我们如何铲除我们人生中的杂草。9A.eat up Bdig upCbreak up Dput up答案B解析eat up吃光；dig up挖掘；break up结束；put up张贴。根据后句“It was stuff and it would really if you didnt get it out by the .”可知祖父给我示范如何铲除一种叫百慕大草的讨厌杂草。故选B。10A.p
28、owerful BpoisonousCsensitive Dterrible答案D解析powerful有力量的；poisonous有毒的；sensitive敏感的；terrible令人讨厌的。根据前句中的“this annoying weed”可知，这种草是一种令人讨厌的东西。故选D。11A.spread BsucceedCwithdraw Dcompromise答案A解析spread传播，蔓延；succeed成功；withdraw撤回；compromise妥协。根据后句“if you didnt get it out”可知，如果你不斩草除根，它就会逐渐蔓延开。故选A。12A.leaves B
29、handsCspades Droots答案D解析根据后文“attacked the weeds with a small hand spade getting each one by the roots”可知，这里指斩草除根。故选D。13A.attractive BsimilarCfundamental Dunknown答案B解析attractive有吸引力的；similar相似的；fundamental根本的；unknown未知的。根据后文“which would also spread wildly”可知，这种杂草与百慕大草很相似。故选B。14A.counted BmendedCappre
30、ciated Dsettled答案D解析count数；mend修补；appreciate感激；settle安顿。根据后句“it was time to work on the outside”可知，我们收拾好屋子的内部。故选D。15A.energetically BunsuccessfullyCcuriously Dthankfully答案A解析energetically精力充沛地，积极地；unsuccessfully失败地；curiously好奇地；thankfully感谢地。句意为：我跪在地上不知疲倦地用一个小手铲把所有的杂草连根除掉。故选A。16A.inside BoutCoff Dac
31、ross答案B解析inside在里；out在外；off离开；across穿过。根据前文“It was stuff and it would really if you didnt get it out by the .”可知，作者用小手铲将每一根杂草连根拔掉。故选B。17A.useful BdynamicCdifferent Dcommon答案D解析useful有用的；dynamic有活力的；different不同的；common常见的。根据后文“but another one was in full ”可知，作者发觉其中一种杂草已经不常见了。故选D。18A.force BlengthCdet
32、ail Dvain答案A解析短语in full force意为“充分发挥威力”。这里指另一种杂草已经铺天盖地。故选A。19A.collecting BattendingCridding Ddistinguishing答案C解析collect收集；attend参加；rid除去；distinguish区别。根据前文“So again，I got down on my hands and knees”可知，我又一次跪在地上开始了我的除草护园的行动。故选C。20A.wornout BaccustomedCfinished Dintroduced答案C解析wornout磨破的；accustomed习惯的
33、；finished完成的；introduced引进的。 根据后文“my yard was better off”可知，除完草后作者的院子变好了。故选C。21A.familiar BreligiousCpast Dnegative答案D解析familiar熟悉的；religious虔诚的；past过去的；negative消极的。negative beliefs指“消极的想法”。这些杂草有可能是挑战、挫折、消极的想法。故选D。22A.reasonable BendlessCnormal Duncertain答案B解析reasonable合理的；endless无止境的；normal正常的；uncer
34、tain不确定的。根据前文“These weeds can be challenges，setbacks，or beliefs”可知，这个清单不止是这些，可能是无穷无尽的。故选B。23A.life BschoolChouse Dfactory答案A解析根据前文“Sometimes our life can be so similar.”可知这里指对付这些人生中的杂草。故选A。24A.progress BsolutionCdisadvantage Dpermission答案B解析progress进步；solution解决办法；disadvantage缺点；permission允许。根据前句可知，
35、这里指对付人生中的杂草的解决方法是逐一斩草除根。故选B。25A.interrupt BmemorizeCconquer Drecognize答案C解析interrupt打断；memorize记忆；conquer征服；recognize认识。这里是指最终征服它。故选C。26A.shows up Bshows offCtakes up Dtakes off答案A解析show up出现；show off炫耀；take up占据；take off脱掉。根据后文“deal with them directly”可知，如果出现了另一种杂草。故选A。27A.unless Beven ifCbefore Ds
36、o that答案C解析unless除非；even if即使；before在之前；so that因此。根据后文“because now that you know what to do with them by getting to the root of it”可知，要在杂草蔓延之前立即处理掉它。故选C。28A.impression BmotivationCwisdom Dsatisfaction答案C解析impression印象；motivation动机；wisdom智慧；satisfaction满意。根据前面的courage提示可知，下次问题出现时，你就有更多的勇气和智慧来解决了。故选C。
37、.语法填空(2018山东泰安一模)A desert doesnt sound like the most promising place to plant a tree.Yet，since 1978，China has planted at least 66 billion of them across its arid northern territories,29. (hope) to transform its sandhills into a Great Green Wall.The treeplanting strategy is 30. massive attempt to hel
38、p fight desertification(荒漠化).31. (rough) a million square miles of Chinaa quarter of the countryis covered with sand.Many scientists are skeptical planting trees will make a difference in the long run.But Chinas State Forestry Administration claims the measure 32. (reduce) sandstorms by 20 percent a
39、nd desertification by nearly 5,000 miles in recent years.Ian Teh lives in Malaysia but 33. (work) throughout Asia，documenting humans influence 34. the landscape.Over six days in May 2016，he photographed treeplanting 35. (plan) in the Gobi Desert in northern China.They seemed to be 36. (success) in p
40、laces like Duolun County，some 220 miles north of Beijing,37. the government has planted 2.6 million trees over the past 17 years.The place felt almost grassy.“To be honest，38. was hard to imagine it was ever a desert at all，” he says.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。沙漠是最不可能种树的地方。然而，自从1978年以来，中国开始在沙漠里种树，打造“绿色长城”。29答案hop
41、ing解析考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语China与hope之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。句意为：我国已在干旱的北方地区栽种了至少660亿棵树木，希望能将沙丘变成一座“绿色长城”。故填hoping。30答案a解析考查冠词。名词attempt是一个可数名词，故前用不定冠词a。句意为：这个植树造林战略是为对抗荒漠化做出的一个大规模尝试。故填a。31答案Roughly解析考查副词。副词roughly有“大约”之意。句意为：中国大约有100万平方英里的土地为黄沙覆盖，占国土面积的四分之一。故填Roughly。32答案has reduced解析考查时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用
42、现在完成时，主语为the measure，故用has。故填has reduced。33答案works解析考查时态。根据前文“Ian Teh lives in Malaysia”可知用一般现在时。故填works。34答案on/upon解析考查介词。名词influence后接介词on或upon。句意为：记录人类对地表的影响。故填on或upon。35答案plans解析考查名词复数形式。由后文“They seemed to”可知，用plan的复数形式。故填plans。36答案successful解析考查形容词。根据前面的be动词可知用形容词。故填successful。37答案where解析考查定语从句
43、。先行词north of Beijing在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。38答案it解析考查it作形式主语。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为to imagine it was ever a desert at all。故填it。概要写作该题型要求根据所提供的材料写一篇60词左右的内容概要。其中所提供的短文词数在350以内；所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。常见错误1不能准确抓住要点。 概要写作的重点是能概括出要点，如果要点弄错了，那么就失去了目标。 如果不能抓住要点，句子写得再好，也不能得分。 因此，抓住要点是关键。 抓准要点，除了读懂
44、文章的主旨，了解文章的结构，还要特别注意一些标志词，如小标题、高频词等。2随意打乱文章的结构。 概要写作一般会提供结构比较清楚的文章。 而写概要的时候，一般都是按照文章的结构去概括要点。 不要轻易打乱文章的结构。3各个要点的独立性不够。 考试说明对要点的独立性有明确的要求。 因此，我们对要点的陈述也要相对独立，一般不要把几个要点放到一个句子当中。4照抄原文中的句子。 概要写作的独立性除了各个要点的独立之外，其实还要求用自己的语言去概括文章，不能直接照抄原文的句子。 因此，切记要用自己的语言，而不是原文中的句子来概括要点。状元笔记1在写作时，主要考虑以下内容：1概括的准确性概要应包括原文中的主要
45、事实，略去不必要的细节。安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。开篇用主题句清楚明白地告诉读者文章的写作目的，主题句的质量决定了概括的成败。2语言的规范性尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。3篇章的连贯性理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提
46、供内容无关不得分。所写的文章要有一个明确的主题贯穿全文，在组织材料时有明晰的思路。此外，层次要分明，有条理；衔接过渡要自然。在备考的过程中进行写提纲的训练有助于该项能力的提高。状元笔记21概括方法(1)记叙文：“要素串联法”记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交代清楚六要素的内容，即when，where，who，what，how，why即“时间、地点、人物、事件、过程、原因、结果(感悟、启发、启迪、号召、结论、收获等)”给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住
47、记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意，用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么。 其概要模板为：a点明写作目的类：The writer tells us.(主题) by showing us an example of.，who/which.(故事情节)b作者经历类：In the passage，the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth.，which.c他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb.s experience of doing sth.(2)议论文：
48、“主题概括法”议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。该概述的过程中尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The writer of this article thinks that.，或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some people think.，还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the view that.。常用以下句式开头： The passage m
49、ainly tells us (talks about).We can know from the passage.As far as the author is concerned.(3)说明文、应用文：“段意合并法”说明性短文，必须用概括性的文字来说明某种现象，常用以下句式开头： It is stated in the article that.According to the passage，the author states that.说明文的概括结构为：phenomenon/problemreasonsolution (cause and effect)，introduction o
50、f an object (how it is made，how it is used，how it may change，what makes it new or significant)常用模板为：a现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon(主题)，which.(补充解释)b利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.A.while B.c研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) that.The purpose of the re
51、port is to show that.2写作步骤(1)弄清要求，有的放矢。概要写作是写全文的概要，不是写某一部分的概要，也不是单独就某些问题写出要点。(2)细读原文，确定主题句。首先要仔细阅读短文，确定文章的主题句，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。主题句一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己总结。(3)寻找关键词，列出原文要点。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。模拟演练How to Go About It?The old saying
52、，“Find a penny，pick it up，and all day long youll have good luck”，might be a good idea for one looking to adopt coin collecting as a hobby.Anyone can start coin collecting.Its easy and fun to start collecting on your own.You can begin simply，with just the coins in your pocket.And from there，your hobb
53、y will grow into a lifelong hobby with a little diligence，perseverance，discipline and patience.Coin collecting is both educational and informative.For kids of your age，all you need is an interest in coins，a sharp eye，and a box to put them in.You can look in your pocket change，at department stores，at
54、 flea(跳蚤) markets，in penny dishes or in the cheap boxes at coin shops.Dont worry about whether its worth anythingjust start with whatever strikes your fancy(爱好)If you want to take special care of your coins so that they dont get scratched(有抓痕的)，you can put each one in a small paper envelope before y
55、ou put it in a box.The first you will need to do is to visit your local hobby shop.There you can purchase a magnifying glass(放大镜)，some coins，and some coin storage(存储) materials.Once you have collected a good number of coins，you will need to decide the type of your collection and the choices can be c
56、onfusing and endless.You can collect them separately，or buy precollected sets of(几套) Lincoln pennies(便士)，Mercury dimes(硬币)，coins from foreign lands，and so on，to start your collection with.Maybe you want to just collect coins from a certain time period that interest you.Whatever your decision，stick w
57、ith it and work to complete your collection.You can add to your collection by visiting coin shows or trading with family and friends who might share interest with you.The final step is to get out there，enjoy the hobby and pull together the most amazing collection of coins ever gathered.写作提示1写作要点(1)第
58、一段通过引用名言引出介绍的话题：Anyone can start coin collecting.Coin collecting is both educational and informative.。(2)根据第二段首句“For kids of your age，all you need is an interest in coins，a sharp eye，and a box to put them in.”对于与你年龄相仿的孩子来说，需要对硬币的兴趣、敏锐的观察力和存放硬币的盒子。 (3)根据第三段的首句“The first you will need to do is to visi
59、t your local hobby shop.”可知，收集硬币首先要去当地的业余爱好者商店看看。(4)根据第四段的“You can collect them separately，or buy precollected sets of(几套) Lincoln pennies(便士)，Mercury dimes(硬币)，coins from foreign lands”可知，在收集了一些硬币之后，要把它们分类整理。(5)由第五段可知，你可以通过去硬币展或者是和有同样爱好的家人、朋友交换来增加你的收藏。(6)最后一段告诉我们，收藏完成后，要走出去和别人分享成功的快乐。这是一篇说明文，文章开篇点题
60、，说明硬币收集的意义，然后从6个方面分6步进行了详细的介绍。由于论点较多，在概括时要注意连接成分的使用。2给分词句：a sharp eye；to get your coins；if necessary；in addition；定语从句：which can be both educational and informative；when completing省略句等。参考范文Anyone can start coin collecting which can be both educational and informative.For kids of your age，interest，a sharp eye and a box are needed.First，go out to visit your local hobby shop to get your coins.And then separate or buy precollected sets if necessary.Finally，you can also add to your collection.In addition，when completing collections，go out to enjoy or share them.