1、第六讲从“状语”角度释解副词的用法规则编者按：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和状语从句等。状语的位置很灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末。按其用途，状语可表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。本讲主要讲副词。真题集训明考点一、语法填空常考点1(2021浙江1月高考)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed sharpl
2、y (sharp)2(2021浙江1月高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.3(2020全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is (extreme) challenging.解析：extremely修饰形容词challen
3、ging要用副词。4(2020全国卷) (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.解析：Certainly此处位于句首，修饰整个句子，应用副词。5(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.解析：gently空格处修饰的是动词moved，应用副词gently。6(2019全国卷)It is dif
4、ficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide.解析：poorly设空处修饰谓语动词has been studied作状语，应用副词形式，故填poorly。7(2019全国卷)Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowl
5、edged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.解析：finally根据空格出现的位置是助动词have之后实义动词acknowledged之前，可知使用副词。8(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than nonrunners.解析：longer根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。二、短文改错常考
6、点1(2020全国卷)Best of luck with your learning kung fu in China.See you sooner. 解析：soonersoonsee you soon是一种固定表达，表示“(不久)再见”，不用soon的比较级。2(2019全国卷)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. 解析：hardlyhardhardly表示“几乎不”，hard作副词时表示“努力地，用力地”。结合语境可知，此处表示“我用力地把球踢回球场”，应用副词hard修饰动词kicked，故把har
7、dly改为hard。3(2018全国卷)Immediate, I raised my hand. 解析：ImmediateImmediately此处为副词作状语，故将Immediate改为Immediately。4(2017全国卷)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. 解析：latelater“一段时间late”表示“迟到多长时间”；“一段时间later”表示“多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后，教练让我把车停下来”。5(2017全国卷)Beside, they often get some useful in
8、formation from the Internet. 解析：BesideBesides句意：此外，他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。beside“在旁边”，是介词；besides“此外”，是副词。语法精析知规则(一)副词的构成1形容词ly构成副词的规则情况构成例词例外一般情况加lyactualactually gradualgradually辅音字母y字母将y改为i再加lyeasyeasily happyhappilyshyshyly drydrylyle结尾去e加yterribleterribly gentlegentlywholewholly元音字母e结尾去e加lytruetruly
9、ll结尾只加yfullfully dulldullyic结尾加allybasicbasically2意义有别的同根副词不以ly结尾的副词和含义以ly结尾的副词和含义high 在高处；高地highly 高度地；很；非常wide广阔地；充分地widely广泛地；普遍地deep深深地；深入地deeply深刻地；深沉地free免费地freely自由地；畅通地close接近；靠近地closely仔细地；密切地 hard努力地，费力地hardly几乎不late迟，晚lately近来，最近near在附近nearly几乎，差不多名师指津下列单词以ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely,
10、lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely, daily, weekly, yearly等。(二)副词的句法功能和位置副词作状语说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。副词还可以作表语、定语和补足语等。1enough修饰名词前置或后置均可；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。If I work hard enough, I can be whatever I want to be.如果我足够努力地学习，我就能成为我想成为的。2几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：
11、方式地点时间。We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.我们上周星期天在户外一起玩得很愉快。3频度副词如often, always, usually等放在be动词后、行为动词前。She is always in time for class.她总是及时来上课。4副词作定语，须后置。The person there is waiting for you.那儿的那个人正在等你。(三)副词比较等级(见上一讲“第五讲”中相关内容)应用落实通方法一、单句语法填空1(2021宁波模拟)I figured they were probably (pro
12、bable) wondering why a pregnant foreigner was dragging her little kid out through the rain.2(2021昆明模拟)“I became famous instantly (instant) and was given a nickname Uncle Hanzi，” Sears said with a smile. 3(2021烟台质检)“So if you are passionate about something, stick to it and through hard work, you trul
13、y (true) can make your dream come true，” says Max. 4To them, life is a competition they have to do better (good) than their peers to be happy.5This is the method I have learnt the harder (hard) you work independently, the better solutions you will find.6Ehongbao is actually (actual) a kind of lucky
14、money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.解题技法语法填空解题“3策略”1利用提示词看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子作状语时，要想到用副词。2利用标志词若是两者之间相比，且空格后有than, 要想到用比较级。3利用修饰语(同上一讲“形容词”)二、单句改错1Being with her was real enjoyable.realreally2(2021焦作模拟)She was one of the better tennis players of her gen
15、eration. betterbest3(2021成都联考)One is working individual and the other is working in a team.individualindividually4Today scientists in this field are working hardly so as to make weather forecasting more exact.hardlyhard5As is known to us, students do fewer and fewer sports now, which makes them weak
16、 and easy tired.easyeasily6Therefore, I was determined not to let him down any long.longlonger7Water is very important to us, without which there would be no life.Therefore, some people dont turn the tap off at once after using it.ThereforeHowever解题技法短文改错解题“3关注”1关注比较范围如果是两者之间的比较，则用比较级；如果是三者或三者以上的比较，
17、则用最高级。2关注搭配句式看含有比较等级的固定搭配和句式是否准确。3关注常见副词的用法三、高考写作佳句1(2020全国卷书面表达)特别是在中国爆发新冠肺炎疫情期间，涌现出了许多英雄人物，包括志愿者和专家。Especially during the outbreak of COVID19 in China, many heroes including volunteers and experts appeared.2(2020全国卷书面表达)经过一天的采摘，我感到筋疲力尽。After a day of picking, I felt completely exhausted.3(2019全国卷书
18、面表达)更重要的是，我认为这是一个促进中国文化和发展我的能力的好机会。More importantly, I consider it a good chance to promote Chinese culture and develop my ability. 4(2019全国卷书面表达)特别欢迎你到场，一定会为我们的节日增添色彩和乐趣。You are particularly welcome to show up on stage, which will definitely add color and fun to our festival.5(2018北京高考书面表达)我对茶的传统制作
19、过程作了详细的说明以便于他们更好地理解它。I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail in order that they could better understand it.语篇巧训全融会一、用所给词的适当形式填空I dont think there is much difficulty in learning English well (good), because as long as you master the method and work hard, you can make progress ra
20、pidly (rapid)I believe that the harder (hard) you work at your study, the greater progress you will make.For example, Li Ping, a friend of mine, is the most hardworking student in our class, and he does better (good) than any other student in our class in every English test.Led by him, all the stude
21、nts in our class are studying English harder (hard) than before.As a result, in the latest English test，our class was the best of the classes in our school, and actually (actual) the number of students who got excellent marks is larger than that of the others. Therefore, all of us should study hard
22、no matter what we learn.二、依据汉语提示补全短文Bob：Hi，Mary.I know that you had lived in China for nearly twenty years (接近二十年了) before you came here.Ive planned to visit China next year.Could you tell me the best time to go there?Mary：The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or b
23、etween September and early November. During these months，the weather is particularly pleasant/comfortable (特别舒服) throughout the country, neither too hot nor too cold.Bob：OK.You know Im interested in tasting all kinds of food all over the world.How about the Chinese food?Mary：Well，Chinese food is del
24、icious and reasonably priced (定价合理)What is even better is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips.Bob：But how do I order the food correctly (正确地点菜)？I know nothing about Chinese.Mary：Language can be a problem in China, especially for firsttime visitors (尤其是对于首次参观者). Therefore (因此), it is a good idea to learn some basic words and phrases before you get there.Moreover, you can carry an EnglishChinese pocket dictionary.