1、专题07 自然灾害备战2023高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）（教师版）目录内容板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练一：话题词汇过关1. earthquake n.地震2. landslide n.滑坡3. snowstorm n.暴风雪4. hit vt.袭击5. shake vi.晃动6. hurricane n.飓风7. typhoon n.台风8. tornado n.龙卷风9. drought n. 干旱10. alarm n.警报11. humid adj.潮湿的12. humidity n.湿气，湿度13. ph
2、enomenon n.现象14. shake n. 摇；震动15. burst vi. 爆发；爆炸16. ruin n. 废墟17. injure vt. 损害18. destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏19. useless adj. 无用的20. shock vt. 使震惊21. rescue n.救援22. disaster n. 灾难23. shelter n. 掩蔽；藏身处24. bury vt. 埋25. damage vt. 破坏；损坏26. frightened adj. 害怕的27. terrify vt. 使恐惧；使惊吓28. ash n. 灰；灰末29. victim n.
3、 受害者30. catastrophe n. 灾难；灾祸31. radioactive adj. 放射性的32. panic n& vi. 惊慌；恐慌33. muddy adj. 泥泞的34. lava n. 熔岩；岩浆35. melt vi. 融化36. tidal adj. 潮汐的；有涨落的37. worsen vi. (使)恶化38. fierce adj. 狂暴的；恶劣的39. suffering n.遭受,遭罪40. calmly adv.镇静地41. scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的42. tidal adj.受潮水影响的;有涨落的 43. tropical adj.热带的44.
4、 tsunami n.海啸45. typhoon n.台风46. deliberately adv.蓄意地;审慎地47. dusty adj.满是灰尘的48. panic n.恐慌;惊慌49. powerful adj.强有力的50. sense vt.感觉51. loss n.损失52. terrible adj.可怕的53. emergency n.紧急情况54. nervous adj.神经质的,紧张的55. worried adj.担心的56. fund n.资金,基金57. provide vt.提供58. comfort vt.安慰59. effort n.努力60. well-t
5、rained adj.训练有素的61. proper adj.恰当的;合适的62. properly adv.适当地63. smelly adj.有臭味的;发臭的64. surround vt.围绕;包围65. surrounding adj.周围的66. surroundings n.环境67. complain v.抱怨;埋怨68. greenhouse n.温室69. habitat n.栖息地70. hurricane n.飓风71. landslide n.山体滑坡72. melt vi.融化73. rainbow n.彩虹74. sandstorm n.沙尘暴二：话题短语表达过关1
6、 make ones escape 逃脱2 keep ones head 保持冷静3 in the face of 面临4 much too 太5 hold on to保住,守住;保存,保留;坚持6 in an orderly line整齐地排成一行,有序的一行/一队7 to ones great relief令某人极为欣慰的是8 clear.of.清除掉的9 get prepared for 为做准备10 make the difference between life and death起着生死攸关的作用11 blow away 吹走,刮走;炸飞12 thunder and lightni
7、ng雷电交加 13 weather forecast天气预报 14 greenhouse effect温室效应 15 global warming全球变暖 16 right away立刻；马上 17 calm down平静下来 18 burst out爆发 19 burst into突然 20 in ruins废墟 21 dig out挖掘 22 give out分发；发出23 prepare for为做准备 24 instead of代替；不是 25 at an end完结，结束 26 a great number of大量的 27 on ones way在路上;快要到来28 raise f
8、unds 筹集基金29 go through 经历,经受30 make connections with与联系起来31 a sense of fear and confusion恐惧和困惑感32 be shocked at对感到震惊 33 take shelter from躲避 34 break down垮掉 35 crowd in涌入 36 blow down吹倒三：话题句型练笔1. .On 20 December,a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Golds
9、hore and left thousands dead. 12月20日,由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面,造成数千人死亡。2. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio,while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.爸爸在用收音机听天气预报,而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件及救灾物资装进包里。3. Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the c
10、ity of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place.将近17个世纪过去了,庞贝城才从它沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来。4. I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I would have been injured.我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带,我就会受伤了。5. What the director wants to tell people is that we should take measures to beautify the environment.导演想告诉我们的
11、是我们应该采取措施美化环境。6. A majority of people hold the belief that climate change is the pressing threat for mankind.大多数人认为气候的变化是对人类紧迫的威胁。7. This disaster injured thousands of people and left tens of thousands of people homeless. 这次灾害使数千人受伤, 数万人无家可归。8. Disaster Day is aiming at proposing everyone to stop do
12、ing the things that will cause natural disaster. 自然灾害日旨在提倡大家停止做会导致自然灾害的事情。9. Natural disasters have caused serious tragedy, making plenty of people injured or dead.自然灾害已造成严重的悲剧, 导致很多人受伤或死亡。四：话题阅读训练（A）It sounds impossible for a 500-pound bear to break into a house through a small window. But the anim
13、al known as Hank the Tank is no ordinary bear: He has used his extraordinary strength to force into at least 28 garages in South Lake Tahoe and is responsible for 152 reports of conflict behavior with the local people over the past seven months. “This smart bear does not break into a garage where tr
14、ash is kept,” the police department said in a statement. “He hangs out in the neighborhood quite often because he has been continuously rewarded with food stored in garages.” The most recent incident occurred late last week, when local police officers were called to a home on Catalina Drive when Han
15、k broke into another garage and the police department has planned a special trapping effort to remove Hank the Tank from the neighborhood. After hes caught, it will decide whether he can be placed in a controlled habitat or whether he should be killed. “We hope that Hank can avoid the sad ending of
16、another famous bear from the Tahoe area, ” it said. Like Hank the Tank, the 500-pound bear named the Safeway Bear had lost its fear of people. It was known for driving away Kings Beach get-togethers, helping itself to a birthday cake and other treats. In 2020, it was caught on camera stealing food f
17、rom a grocery store at Lake Tahoes northern shore. The bear was eventually trapped and sent to a remote wild habitat in El Dorado County. Its tracking collar was found in the woods in the spring of 2021, leading biologists to hope that it had successfully gotten used to a natural diet and lost weigh
18、t, allowing the collar to slip off. But the truth was very heart-breaking. The big bear was reduced to a shell of its former self and was killed at a campground where a family gathering included small children. “The action of the shooter was the most humane outcome for this bear,” said one of the bi
19、ologists.1. What do the police officers probably suggest the public do?A. Avoid mixing food leftovers with garbage.B. Replace small windows with bigger ones.C. Call the police once they see Hank the Tank.D. Put food outside to help the trapping effort.2. Where was the Safeway Bear sent?A. El Dorado
20、County.B. Kings Beach.C. Catalina Drive.D. Lake Tahoe.3. What can be learned about the Safeway Bear?A. It had a hard life in the Tahoe area.B. It lost its ability to live in the wild.C. It successfully got used to a natural diet.D. It stole food and killed people on the beach.4. What is the biologis
21、ts attitude to the action of the shooter?A. Opposed. B. Skeptical. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned.参考答案：1.推理判断题。根据第二段的“This smart bear does not break into a garage where trash is kept,” the police department said in a statement. “He hangs out in the neighborhood quite often because he has been continu
22、ously rewarded with food stored in garages.”(“这只聪明的熊不会闯入存放垃圾的车库，”警察局在一份声明中说。“他经常在附近闲逛，因为它不断得到存放在车库里的食物作为奖励。”)”可推知，警方很可能建议避免把剩余的食物与垃圾混在一起。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The bear was eventually trapped and sent to a remote wild habitat in El Dorado County.(这只熊最终被困住，并被送到了位于埃尔多拉多县的一个偏远的野生栖息地)”可知，Safeway Bear被送到了El
23、 Dorado County。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Its tracking collar was found in the woods in the spring of 2021, leading biologists to hope that it had successfully gotten used to a natural diet and lost weight, allowing the collar to slip off.(2021年春天，人们在树林里发现了它的追踪项圈，这让生物学家们希望它已经成功适应了自然饮食并减肥，让项圈得以滑落)”和第二段的“Bu
24、t the truth was very heart- breaking. The big bear was reduced to a shell of its former self and was killed at a campground where a family gathering included small children.(但事实却非常令人心碎。这只大熊沦落为以前的自己的外壳，在一个营地被杀死，在那里，一个有孩子的家庭聚会在举行)”可知，Safeway Bear失去了在野外生活的能力，在一个宿营地被杀死了。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The action of
25、 the shooter was the most humane outcome for this bear,” said one of the biologists.(“射击者的行为对这只熊来说是最人道的结果，”其中一位生物学家说)”可知，这位生物学家对射击者的行为是支持的。故选C。（B）El Nio,a Spanish term for “the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to
26、seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water,collected over several years in the western Pacific,flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken,or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects,both good and bad,are felt in many place
27、s.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billion,partly because of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich c
28、ountries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California,they are likely to cause surface flooding and other dis
29、asters.The most recent powerful Nio,in 1997-98,killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning,and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),howev
30、er,just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can redu
31、ce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil con
32、flict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country,the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest
33、 are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio,reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1.What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to s
34、top catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor
35、 countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .A.more investment should go to risk reductionB.governments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Nio deserve more compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first4.What is th
36、e authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Nio and its origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Nio.C.To show ways of fighting against El Nio.D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio.参考答案：1. D解析 细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back eastwards”和“normally blow westwards
37、”等关键词可知D项正确。2. C解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 “Rich countries gain more.”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据,文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios, on balance, than they lose.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失。”3. A解析 推理判断题。题源句为第四段“According to
38、the Overseas Development Institute(ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.”句意为:然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及,D项弄反了作者的观点
39、。4. D解析 写作意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节代替写作目的。（C）A 1,400yearold Peruvian method of diverting (转向) water could supply up to 100 million cubic meters of waterequal to 40,000 Olympicsize swimming pools worth of water to Lima
40、 each year, according to a new study published in Nature Sustainability. Its one example of how ancient methods could support existing modern ones in countries without enough water.More than a billion people across the world face water shortages. Manmade reservoirs store rainwater and water overflow
41、 for use during drier times. But reservoirs are costly, require years to plan and can still fail to meet water needs.Perus capital, Lima, depends on water from rivers high in the Andes Mountains. It takes only a few days for water to flow down to the city. So when the dry season begins in the mounta
42、ins, the water supply quickly disappears. The city suffers shortages of 43 million cubic meters during the dry season. It solves this with modern structures such as manmade reservoirs. These reservoirs are not the only solution, however. Over a thousand years ago, indigenous (本地的) people developed a
43、nother way to solve water problems.Boris OchoaTocachi is a researcher at Imperial College London and lead writer of the study. He explored one of the last remaining waterharvesting systems in the small mountain community of Huamantanga, Peru. The system was developed even before the ancient Inca civ
44、ilization.The 1,400yearold system is designed to increase the water supply during the dry season by diverting and slowing water as it travels down the mountains.This naturebased method is made of special canals that guide water from its source to a series of water bodies and hillsides. The water goe
45、s slowly into the ground, then flows downhill through the soil and reappears in water bodies near the community.The researchers measured how much the system slowed the flow of water by injecting special dye in the highlands and noting when it reappeared in water bodies. The dyed water started to sur
46、face two weeks later and continued flowing for eight monthsa huge improvement over the hours or days it would normally take. 1How much water does an Olympicsize swimming pool need?A. 4,000 cubic meters. B. 2,500 cubic meters.C. 1,000 cubic meters. D. 1,400 cubic meters.2What can be learned about the
47、 ancient water system?A. It was developed during the ancient Inca civilization.B. It is naturebased and made of special canals. C. It is the last water system left in Huamantanga.D. It can satisfy water needs of Lima throughout the year.3What does the underlined word “this” probably refer to in Para
48、.3?A. Water resources. B. Water supply.C. Water system. D. Water shortage.4Which of the following order shows how the ancient system works?aThe water flows downhill through the soil.bThe water surfaces in water bodies.cThe water goes slowly into the ground.dThe water flows to water bodies and hillsi
49、des.A. d, a, b, c B. b, c, a, dC. a, b, c, d D. d, c, a, b参考答案：1答案与解析B数据计算题。根据第一段中“up to 100 million cubic meters of waterequal to 40,000 Olympicsize swimming pools worth of water”可知40 000个奥运会规模的游泳池需要100 000 000 立方米水，由此可知，一个奥运会规模的游泳池需要的水是100 000 00040 0002 500, 故B项正确。2B间接信息题。根据第五段中“This naturebased
50、method is made of special canals”可知，这个古老的水系统是以自然为本的，且由特别的水渠组成，故B项正确。3D代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“The city suffers shortages of 43 million cubic meters during the dry season.”可知，该城在干旱季节严重缺水，故this指water shortage，故选项D正确。4D细节排序题。根据第五段提到的水从源头流到水体，然后渗入地下，再经由土壤流下山，最后出现在社区的水源中，由此可判断出选项D正确。五：话题写作训练（A）最近国内外灾害不断发生，这些灾害引起了
51、我们对于自然所做的行为的再一次思考。1. 你是如何看待自然灾害的?2. 我们应该采取哪些措施来尽可能避免这些灾害和减少损失呢?注意:1.词数100词左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考文章Natural disasters happen almost every day，those devastating ones leave us to think about our behaviors towards nature again.First of all，we need to set a sound pre-warning mechanism, which enables us t
52、o detect potential risks at an early stages. Accordingly，emergency measures can be taken，and losses can be minimized.Second，governments have to equipped with an excellent Disaster Assistance Response Team to rescue those disaster-stricken areas. The primary goal is to provide emergency services, suc
53、h as drinking water and medical treatment, until long-term aid arrives.Third, citizens need to realize that the main cause of those disasters is largely due to climate crisis; therefore, they should purchase energy efficient appliances, plant trees and economize our consumption on housing.From what
54、has been discussed above, I maintain that minimizing the cost of disasters can be achieved by our persisting efforts.（B）你校与加拿大的Windson学校师生以“中学生如何在灾难中保护自己”为主题, 开展探讨月活动,请你以该主题在会议上发表演讲。注意:1. 词数80左右;2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。Protect Ourselves From The DisasterMisfortune and fortune always accompany one anothe
55、r, just like thunder accompanying lightning. Much less as misfortune occurs than fortune, not until it breaks out suddenly can we realize it. Here are some suggestions provided for you. First of all, you had better watch TV and search the information from the Internet or the other ways, which could
56、give you very full knowledge about how to protect yourself from the native disaster.Second, you should think carefully and decide to buy something for yourself, which will be helpful when you are in danger.Third, after you have learned some knowledge about how to protect yourself, you should try to practice, because, as we know, actions speak louder than words.Last but not least, when you practice very proficiently, you could help your family to learn something about it.Only in this way can you learn how to protect yourself from the native disaster!