1、专题08环境保护备战2023高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）（教师版）目录内容板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练一：话题词汇过关1. ecosystem n.生态系统2. habitat n.栖息地3. vegetation n.植被4. energy n.能源5. resource n.资源6. surroundings n.环境7. pollution n.污染8. rubbish n.垃圾9. extinct adj.灭绝的10. endangered adj.濒危的11. deforestation n.森林采伐12
2、. landslide n.山体滑坡13. damage vt.破坏14. recycle vt.回收利用15. reserve n.保护区16. alternative adj.可替代的17. popularize vt.普及18. protect vt.保护19. beatify vt.美化20. save vt.节省21. area n.地区,面积22. ocean n.海洋23. ancient adj.古代的24. forest n.森林25. mountain n.山脉26. grow vi.生长27. balance n.& vt.平衡28. maintain vt.维持29.
3、irreplaceable adj.不可替代的30. protect vt.保护31. well-managed adj.管理有方的32. observe vt.遵守33. reduce vt.减少34. recycle vt.循环35. long-lasting adj.持久的36. harmony n.和谐37. harmonious adj.和谐的38. forecast vt.预报;预告39. fuel n.燃料40. irrigate v.灌溉41. steady adj.稳固的;平稳的42. endanger vt.危害,使遭危险43. fearsome adj.令人恐惧的44.
4、development n.开发45. pollution n.污染46. damaging adj.破坏性的47. drop vi.下降48. awful adj.可怕的,糟糕的49. smelly adj.有臭味的50. extinct adj.灭绝的51. extinction n. 灭绝52. phenomenon n. 现象53. conservation n. 保护；保存54. enormous/massive adj. 巨大的55. catastrophe n. 大灾难56. preserve vt.保护;保存;保留57. prevent vt.防止;预防58. recycle
5、vt.回收;再循环59. reserve n.& v.储备;预定60. rubbish n.垃圾;废物61. ruin vt.毁坏62. burden v.(使)担负n.重担;负担63. meanwhile adv.同时64. poverty n. 贫穷65. emission n. 排放66. exposure n. 暴露；显露67. complicated/complex adj. 复杂的68. postpone vt.&vi. 推迟；延期69. dirty adj.脏的70. dust n.灰尘;尘土71. decline v.减少;下降;衰退;谢绝72. decrease v.减少;变
6、小73. deliberately adv.蓄意地;审慎地74. dustbin n.垃圾箱75. threaten v.威胁76. litter vt.乱扔77. energy n.能源;能量78. resource n.资源二：话题短语表达过关1 seize the opportunity抓住机遇2 make policies制定政策3 take measures采取措施4 have an interview with采访5 carbon dioxide二氧化碳6 fossil fuel化石7 environmental problems环境问题8 greenhouse effect温室效
7、应9 climate change气候变化10 set up regulations制定制度11 cut down 砍倒;削减12 find the solution 找到解决办法13 be thankful for 对心存感激14 at an unbelievable speed 以令人难以置信的速度15 environmental protection 环境保护16 have an impact on 对产生影响17 put.in danger 置于危险的境地18 large amounts of 大量,许多19 draw ones attention to 引起某人的注意20 play
8、a major role 起主导作用21 on the rise 在上升22 take the example of 例如23 advocate a lowcarbon life 提倡低碳生活24 be faced with/face/come across/meet with all kinds of difficulties 面对各种困难25 appeal to/call on people to make donations 呼吁人们捐赠26 be in danger of extinction/becoming extinct/dying out 处于灭绝的危险27 fight aga
9、inst pollution 与污染做斗争28 keep/break ecological balance 保持/破坏生态平衡29 environment-friendly products环保产品30 Only One Earth,Care and Share只有一个地球一齐关心,共同分享31 sort the garbage 分类垃圾32 deal with rubbish properly 正确处理垃圾33 make proper use of water resources 合理利用水资源34 raise the awareness of 提高的意识三：话题句型练笔1：There is
10、 little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer毫无疑问,地球正在变得越来越温暖2：Without this process,Earth could not sustain life.没有这个过程,地球就无法维持生命。3：Water pollution levels increased,with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.由于更多的家庭和商业废物最终流入河中,导致水污染程度上升。 4：Over the past 2000 years,about
11、per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.在过去的2000年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,约%的雨林已经消失了。5：It was reported that in2010,about 3400 million people lived in the Amazon.据报道,在2010年大约有三千四百万人居住在亚马孙流域。6：As the human population continues to grow,so does the
12、 effect we have on animals.随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。7：Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of environmental protection.因此,不难得出结论,人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。8：Faced with this situation,we are supposed to raise the
13、 awareness of environmental protection.面对这种情况,我们应该提高环境保护的意识。四：话题阅读训练（A）Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas
14、 have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”. A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway. The call for publ
15、ic engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disa
16、strously lacking in flexibility. The international scholars warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatorie
17、s(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly
18、 within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be
19、 ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and
20、 deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”1What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AScientific.BCredible.COriginal.DRelevant.2As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is_.AworriedBpuzzledCsurprise
21、dDscared3What can we learn from this passage?AThe signatories may change the biophysical limits.BThe author agrees with the message of the poem.CThe issue of collapse is being prioritized.DThe global collapse is well underway.参考答案：这是一篇说明文，文章阐述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类
22、发出了警告：政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的风险。文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。1词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时
23、此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific科学的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原来的，原创的；D. Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。2推理判断题。本题要求判断作者的情感态度，根据原
24、文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好）和倒数最后一段的呼吁，例如“Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the b
25、est of a troubling future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可知，作者认为公众对“全球崩塌”的重视意识不够，比较担心，A. worried担忧的；B. puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. scared害怕的，综合以上的分析，可见作者对此是“担忧的”，故选A。3推理判断题。原文诗歌“Man is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope.”（人类是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于无可救药的幻想中）表达的是，人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨
26、大危险，把头埋进沙子里，假装不知道，充满不切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好），结合上下文，这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则提到执着于“quieting hope that ignores preparedness.”（掐灭不做准备的空有幻想），接着又借学者之口，提到“Le
27、ts look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可见，上下文一脉相承，表达相同的一方观点，未对另一方的观点有任何呈现，理解文章后可知，作者有明显的态度倾向，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的，故选B。（B）By the end of
28、the century,if not sooner,the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate,according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplankton create colourfu
29、l patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas,while reducing it in other spots,leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the oc
30、ean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend.Warming changes key character
31、istics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz,a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science,built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a wor
32、ld that warms up by 3 ,it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters,such as those of the Arctic,a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,and these
33、 areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter?Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,Dutkiewicz said,“it will change t
34、he type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable,but they could mean significant changes.“Itll be a while before we can statistically sho
35、w that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said,“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A.The various patterns at the ocean surface.B.The
36、cause of the changes in ocean colour.C.The way light reflects off marine organisms.D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.2.What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.3.What can we learn from the passage?
37、A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B.Dutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To assess the consequences
38、of ocean colour changes.B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.参考答案：1: B解析 主旨大意题。根据文章前两段的内容可知,这两段主要介绍了海洋颜色发生变化的原因。所以选B项。2: A解析 词义猜测题。根据下一句“Warming changes key characteristics of the
39、ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth”可知,浮游生物容易受到气候变暖的影响,vulnerable的含义与sensitive最为接近。所以选A项。3:D解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“But in some waters.,a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.”可知在某些海域,气候变暖给浮游生物提供更成熟的条件,而这些水域将会变得更绿。所以选D项。4:C解析 写作意图题。通读文章的第一段以及最后一段的内容
40、可知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的就是解释气候变化对海洋的影响。所以选C项。（C）A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. _1_ Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterway
41、s. _2_ After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物). _3_ That means harmful materi
42、al may get into our food supply. _4_ Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also work where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to m
43、ake new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using
44、plastics. _5_ And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A. Then, fish may eat the plastics. B. But pe
45、ople can make a big difference. C. Plastics should be gathered together and reused. D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. E. It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use. F. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. G. The report tells about har
46、m to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation参考答案：1. G上文提到在联合国的一次会议上提出了关于塑料污染海洋的报道。结合下文内容可知后面讲的是这份报道的具体内容。G项中The report指的就是第一句中提到的A new report，G项在此承上启下。2. F空前一句提到塑料被随意扔掉，漂进河里以及其他的水域。空后句提到塑料聚集在海洋里。所以这整个过程就是在讲塑料是如何进入海洋的，故F项“塑料最终到了沿海区域和海洋水域”符合文意。3. A空后一句说这意味着有害物质会进入食物供应，只有A项中fish是跟人类食物有
47、关的。4. B根据下文可知，人类能制造污染也可以采取措施制止污染。本段就是介绍人类如何制止污染，B项“但是人们可以有所作为”在此承上启下。5. E空前一句说报道呼吁公司要改进塑料的使用方法。E项“这要求他们更好地衡量和控制塑料的使用”承接上一句，E项中的It代指前一句提到的The report。五：话题写作训练（A）假定你是李华。6月5日是世界环境日 (World Environment Day)，你校将开展一次以“Building a better home”为题的演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括:1. 世界环境日的宗旨；2. 你的做法；3. 你的呼吁。注意:1. 写作词数应为80
48、左右:2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。参考文章Dear teachers and fellow students,World Environment Day is marked on June 5 every year, which aims to encourage awareness and action for the protection of the environment.To answer its call, I go to school by bike or on foot instead of taking the bus. At home I turn off t
49、he tap while brushing my teeth. Besides, I often donate the used textbooks to the students of lower grades. I believe all these steps taken can help lower my impact on the environment.The earth is our common home. Lets take action to build a better one for all of us!Thats all. Thank you!（B）水是生命之源。然而
50、，由于人口的增长和环境的破坏，水资源越来越少。拯救水资源，节约用水迫在眉睫。假定你是李华，你们班为此展开了一场班会，请你根据以下要点谈谈关于节要点：1. 刊登公益广告；2. 日常节约用水；3. 呼吁更多人节约用水。要求：1. 书写工整、语句通顺，连贯，词数不少于80；2. 短文中不得出现任何真实的人名和地名。参考词汇：公益广告 public service advertisementWater is life. People cant live without water.Plants will die without water. However, there are still many
51、people wasting water. For example, they always keep the water running when doing wash.So we must take actions to stop them from doing this. First, more public service advertisements should be made to let people know the importance of water. Second, we should try our best to use less water if necessary in our daily life. Third, we should call on more people around us to save water together.Everything starts from now！