1、专题15 时文热点【美文阅读1】导读：雨后的彩虹色彩斑斓，就好像年少时我们心中那些美好的希望和梦想。从某种意义上来讲，每个人都需要自己的彩虹来照亮人生之路。Where My Rainbow Has Gone?When you are little, the whole world feels like a big playground. I was living in Conyers, Georgia the summer it all happened. I was a second grader, but my best friend Stephanie was only in the f
2、irst grade. Both of our parents were at work and most of the time they let us go our own way. It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanies basement. As I opened the basement door, before us lay the biggest room, full of amazing things like guns, dolls, and old clothes. I
3、ran downstairs, and spotted a red steel can. It was paint. I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright colors like purple, orange, blue and green. Stephanie, I just found us a project for the day. Get some paintbrushes. We are fixing to paint. She screamed with excitement as I told he
4、r of my secret plans and immediately we got to work. We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials to my yard. There on the road in front of my house, we painted bit stripes of colors across the pavement. Stripe by stripe, our colors turned into a beautiful rainbow. It was
5、 fantastic!The sun was starting to sink. I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car. It was my mother. I couldnt wait to show her my masterpiece. The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mothers face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble. My mother sh
6、ut the car door and walked towards me. Her eyes glaring, she shouted, What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors trees, but this! Come inside right now! I stood there glaring back at her for a minute, angry because she had insulte
7、d my art. Now go clean it up! Mother and I began cleaning the road. Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement. Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brus
8、h it away. I guess we all need sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful. 我的彩虹去了哪里？小时候，整个世界就像一个大操场。故事发生的那年夏天，我住在佐治亚州的康耶斯。当时我读二年级，我的好朋友斯蒂芬妮刚上一年级。我们的父母都要工作，因而大多数时间他们都是让我们自己去学校。那是一个炎热的午后，我们决定在斯蒂芬妮家的地下室玩一个冒险的游戏。当我打开地下室的门，出现在我们面前的是一个大大的房间，里面装满了奇妙的东西
9、，诸如枪、娃娃和旧衣服等。我跑下楼梯，看到一个红色的金属罐，罐子里面是涂料。我顺着它望过去，那儿还有很多亮色的涂料，像紫色、橙色、蓝色和绿色等。斯蒂芬妮，今天我们有事可做了！拿些刷子来！我们开始粉刷吧！听着我的秘密计划，她兴奋地尖叫着，我们马上开工了。我们把所有能找到的刷子都拿出来，然后把涂料搬到我家的院子里。在我家房前的马路上，我们开始画彩色的斑马线。一条又一条，那些色彩汇成了一道美丽的彩虹。真是太棒了！夕阳西沉，我看到有一辆汽车从远处驶来。认出那是我妈妈的车后，我一跃而起。我迫不及待地想向妈妈展示我的杰作。汽车慢慢进入了车道，看到妈妈的脸色，我知道自己要有大麻烦了。妈妈关好车门，向我走来。
10、她怒视着我，喊道：你究竟在想些什么？你用树叶做城堡，你爬邻居家的树，这些我都理解。但是今天，你又在家里瞎折腾！我站起来，愤怒地回视着她，因为她侮辱了我的作品。现在把这里弄干净！妈妈和我开始清洗马路。眼看着美丽的彩虹变成了黑黢黢的水泥地，眼泪顺着我的脸颊流淌下来。尽管这件事过去很多年了，我依然想知道我的彩虹去了哪里。我想知道，如果我再长大些，我是否可以找到它，再也不必把它擦去？我想我们都时常需要某种意义上的彩虹来照亮我们的人生，让我们的希望和梦想丰富多彩。重点单词:1. pavement pevm()nt n. 人行道2. stripe strap n. 条纹3. masterpiece mst
11、pis n. 杰作4. insult nslt vt. 侮辱5. cement sment n.水泥重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. As I opened the basement door, before us lay the biggest room, full of amazing things like guns, dolls, and old clothes.当我打开地下室的门，出现在我们面前的是一个大大的房间，里面装满了奇妙的东西，诸如枪、娃娃和旧衣服等。这是一个主从复合句。as 引导时间状语从句，其后的主句由于表示方位的介词短语位于句首，使用了倒装语序。如：From the val
12、ley came a frightening sound.从山谷传来吓人的声音。South of the city lies a chemical factory.城南有一家化工厂。2. in the distance 在远处。如：The sound of the car died away in the distance.小轿车发出的噪音消逝在远处。3. pull into （车）进站。如：Our train pulled into Beijing Station on time.我们的火车准点开进北京车站。4. Her eyes glaring, she shouted, 她怒视着我，喊道
13、：本句使用了现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。her eyes 和glare 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。如：He sat in front of them, his dusty face masking his age.他坐在他们面前，满是灰尘的脸掩盖了他的真实年龄。5. glare at 怒视。如：Dont glare at your teacher like that. You deserved the scolding.别那么瞪眼望着老师，你该被骂的。名句背诵：Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.（Ra
14、lph Waldo Emerson, American thinker）进步是今天的活动、明天的保证。（美国思想家 拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生） 英语时文阅读是学习者针对英美新闻、报刊及杂志等时事素材而开展的阅读活动。近年来,高考阅读理解素材多取材于外国时文,英语时文阅读的重要性不断凸显。英语时文阅读，可以让学生接触地道的英语，使学生广泛了解西方国家的风俗习惯、日常生活、人际交往等情况,为学生英语综合素质的提升奠定坚实的基础。所以，高中英语学习必须要重视英语时文阅读教学的重要性,并通过时文阅读教学扩大学生的词汇量，提高文化素养。【话题词汇】1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development
15、 of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of peoples living standard3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social developmen
16、t7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that/ There is no denying that9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人 而另外一些人 Some people while others13.就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am conc
17、erned, / Personally14.就达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点 argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in18.对必不可少 be indispensable to 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.也不例外 be no exception21.对产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/
18、negative effects on22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26.竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation27.开阔眼界 widen ones ho
19、rizon/ broaden ones vision28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration31.从另一个角度 from another perspective32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33.对有益 be beneficial / conducive to34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to
20、 the35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for36.综合素质 comprehensive quality37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to40.应当承认 Admittedly41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty42.满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources4
21、5.因特网 the Internet （一定要由冠词，字母I 大写）46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life48.环保（的） environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold differe
22、nt attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55.理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice56.必然趋势 an irresistible trend of57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the in
23、creasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益interest in the long run60.有其自身的优缺点 has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full ones favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and di
24、scard the dregs.63.对有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of 66.采取有效措施来 take effective measures to do sth.67.的健康发展 the healthy development of 68.有利有弊 Ev
25、ery coin has its two sides. No garden without weeds.69.对观点因人而异 Views on vary from person to person. 70.重视 attach great importance to 71.社会地位 social status 72.把时间和精力放在上 focus time and energy on73.扩大知识面 expand ones scope of knowledge74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indire
26、ctly related to76.提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal 77.可以取代“think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that I.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1 “What is civilization?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the influential BBC series on the subject. “I dont kno
27、w, and I cant define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and Im looking at it now.” And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院).It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. Tha
28、t the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedrals collapsing steeple (尖塔) is in fact profoundly humanand i
29、n a particularly 21st-century way.It is not just the economy that is global today, it is culture too. People wander the world in search not just of jobs and security but also of beauty and history. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you h
30、ave taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself.This visual age has given beauty new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars. Only a few, though, have achieved this status. Just as there is only ever a handful of world-
31、famous actors, so the pantheon (万神殿) of globally recognizable cultural symbols is tiny: the Mona Lisa, Michelangelos David, the Taj Mahal, the Great Pyramid and Notre Dame. Disaster, too, is visual. In the 24 hours after the fire started, videos on social media of the burning cathedral were viewed n
32、early a quarter of a billion times.Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Nobody could look up into that arched (拱形的) ceiling without wondering at the collective geni
33、us of the thousands of unknown craftsmen who, over a century and a half, realized a vision so grand in its structural ambition and so delicate in its hand-made detail. Its survival through 850 years of political unrestthrough war, revolution and Nazi occupationbinds the present to the past.1.The BBC
34、 series in the first paragraph is mentioned to show _.A.Notre Dame is a typical example of civilizationB.civilization is supposed to be defined in abstract termsC.civilization was founded in the past and lasts for decadesD.its cruel to care more about buildings than about people2.Notre Dame fire has
35、 aroused worldwide concerns because _.A.the disaster coincided with the floods in southern AfricaB.people has lost a historical landmark to take a selfie and restC.Frances economic prosperity has made it a must-see place for visitorsD.cultural globalization has bred a common sense of cultural identi
36、ty3.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.Peoples sadness at the misfortune mainly lies in the building itself.B.People wondered who contributed to such an artistic achievement.C.Notre Dame is a witness to Nazi invasion and French revolution.D.Fortunately we are blessed with countless splendid
37、 works of art.4.What might be the best title for the passage?A.Notre Dame: The Architectural TreasureB.Notre Dame: The Humanistic ExpressionC.Notre Dame: A Victim To Natural DisasterD.Notre Dame: A Must-be Tourist Attraction【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。人类文明延续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些伟大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让
38、精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的骄傲，也是全人类的瑰宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼，那种广泛深刻的悲痛正是人性深刻的体现。1.推理判断题。由第一段“What is civilization?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the influential BBC series on the subject. “I dont know, and I cant define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and
39、Im looking at it now.” And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院)”可知，文明是什么?”50年前，肯尼斯克拉克在BBC“文明”主题开创性系列节目中问道。“我不知道，我还不能用抽象的术语来定义它。但我想当我看到它的时候我能认出它，现在我正在看它。”他转过身来，指向身后高耸的哥特式塔楼和高耸的圣母院。所以从肯尼斯克拉克的所说的话中，可以判断出第一段中提到BBC“文明”主题开创性系列节目是为了显示圣母院是
40、文明的典型例子。故A选项正确。2.细节理解题。由第三段“It is not just the economy that is global today, it is culture too. People wander the world in search not just of jobs and security but also of beauty and history. Familiarity breeds affection. ”可知，如今，不仅经济全球化，文化也走向全球化。人们漫游世界，不仅仅为了寻求工作和安全，也为寻找美好和历史。而熟悉感会让喜爱蔓延。所以圣母院的火灾引起了全世
41、界的关注，因为文化全球化孕育了一种共同的文化认同感。故D选项正确。3.细节理解题。由最后段“Its survival through 850 years of political unrestthrough war, revolution and Nazi occupationbinds the present to the past”可知，巴黎圣母院在850年的政治动荡中幸存下来，经历了战争、革命和纳粹占领，将现在和历史连接起来。所以通过关键词“survival through，revolution and Nazi occupation”可以判断出，圣母院见证了纳粹入侵和法国大革命。故C选
42、项正确。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，人类文明延续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些伟大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的骄傲，也是全人类的瑰宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼。那种广泛深刻的悲痛正是人性深刻的体现。所以短文围绕着“巴黎圣母院：人文主义的表达”符合文意。故B选项正确。2High speeds, cool looks, and unusual names are what a typical American looks for when buying a car. This is a wasteful metho
43、d because the cars we buy dont fit our lifestyles of thriftiness（节俭）. But we feel powerful when we drive huge cars, so thats why we buy them.More people should drive hybrids, which are powered by a gas engine but also keeps a charge in a bank of batteries. As a result, they burn less gas and save mo
44、re energy. You may complain, “They are not cool.” But what are you going to say when your planet gets so fouled up（弄乱）that you need a gas mask just to go outside? Well, thats whats going to happen if we dont act soon. Hybrids may cost more, but they will end up saving our life one day.Gasoline cars
45、are inefficient ones that chew up cash. The best ones get only around 40 miles per gallon. We need to change our habits or we are going to run out of fossil fuel, and then no cars will be traveling down the street. Gasoline cars also pollute the air and create breathing problems.Some problems we wil
46、l have in the future if we continue using gasoline cars are high levels of air pollution and groundwater toxicity. We will also use up our supply of fossil fuels. We may cause a large increase in the speed of global warming, which will result in a rise in temperature and in turn bake our planet and
47、all its living things.Cars should be bought not based on looks, but because they work well and help save the environment. Hybrids fulfill this. If enough people used them, we wouldnt be as worried about global warming. We are at a point where we can only do one thing: reduce the amount of fossil fue
48、ls we use. If we dont, we may spell our own doom and end up creating natural disasters that we cannot control.5.According to the passage, hybrids _.A.make the air smell badB.pollute the groundwaterC.increase the speed of global warmingD.are more costly6.The underlined word “doom” in the last paragra
49、ph probably means “_”.A.a bad fortuneB.a strong wishC.a happy momentD.a normal need7.In the authors opinion, we should buy a car which _.A.runs fasterB.looks beautifulC.is environmentally friendlyD.costs a fortune8.The purpose of this passage is to _.A.introduce what kind of car uses less gasB.give
50、people advice on how to buy a cool carC.remind people of some problems they will have in the futureD.expect people to consider the environmental problems when buying a car【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了考虑到环保问题我们应该驾驶混合动力汽车。5.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Hybrids may cost more, but they will end up saving our lif
51、e one day.”（混合动力车的价格可能更高，但终有一天它们会拯救我们的生命。）可知，混合动力汽车花费更多的钱。故选D。6.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“If we dont, we may spell our own doom and end up creating natural disasters that we cannot control.”（如果我们不这样做，我们可能会招致自己的厄运，最终造成我们无法控制的自然灾害。）可知，doom意为“厄运”。故选A。7.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Cars should be bought not based on looks, bu
52、t because they work well and help save the environment.”（买汽车不应该看外表，而是因为它们运行良好，有助于保护环境。）可推知，作者认为我们应该买环保的车。故选C。8.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Cars should be bought not based on looks, but because they work well and help save the environment. Hybrids fulfill this. If enough people used them, we wouldnt be as worried
53、 about global warming.”（买汽车不应该看外表，而是因为它们运行良好，有助于保护环境。混合动力汽车实现这一点。如果有足够多的人使用它们，我们就不会那么担心全球变暖了。）可推知，作者的写作目的是希望人们在购买汽车时考虑环境问题。故选D。3Elizabeth fry was the daughter of an English banker. When she was a young bride and mother, she gave medicine and clothes to the homeless and helped establish the sisters o
54、f Devonshire square, a nursing school. In 1813, at age 33, her attention turned to the female prisoners in Londons Newgate prison. She began to visit the prison almost daily, and what she found there horrified her.In the early 1800s, English prisons were pits of cruelty and violence. At Newgate, wom
55、en awaiting trial for stealing apples were put into the same prison as women who had been convicted (宣判) of murder. Women ate, defecated, and slept in the same cell. If a prisoner had children, they accompanied her to prison and lived in the same inhumane conditions. For those without help from fami
56、ly, friends, or charities, the options were to beg and to steal food, or to starve to death.Prison officials warned fry of the risks she was taking in visiting prisons (exposure to violence and disease), but she waved the warnings aside. Besides comforting women, she taught them basic hygiene and to
57、 sew and quilt so they might earn a living when they were released. She intervened (介入) for women on death row, and if her pleas were unsuccessful, she comforted them in their last moments. To expand her efforts, in 1816 she founded the association for the improvement of the female prisoners of Newg
58、ate “to provide for the clothing, instruction, and employment of the women, and to form in them, as much as possible, those habits of order and industry, which may make them peaceable while in prison, and respectable when they leave it.” Specific reforms she campaigned for included: separation of me
59、n and women prisoners, paid work for prisoners, women guards for women prisoners, and the housing of criminals based on their crimes.9.English prisons in the early 1800s could be described as _.A.inhumane and horrifyingB.cruel and orderlyC.violent and justD.efficient and peaceable10.Elizabeth fry ta
60、ught female prisoners some living skills _.A.to win their respectB.to help them kill time in prisonC.to help them make a living in prisonD.to live a respectable life when they were released11.What would be the possible influence of the reforms Elizabeth fry campaigned for?A.Women prisoners would get
61、 a pay rise.B.Women prisoners would be well attended by women guards.C.The human rights of women prisoners would be better respected.D.The housing of the thieves would be much better than the murders.【答案】9.A10.D11.C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作为一位英国银行家的女儿Elizabeth Fry平时爱帮助无家可归的人。在19世纪初期她倡导了监狱改革，维护女囚犯的权利，让她们的
62、人权得到更好的尊重。9.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In the early 1800s, English prisons were pits of cruelty and violence. (在19世纪早期，英国的监狱是残忍和暴力的场所)”可知，在19世纪早期英国监狱可以形容为不人道的和恐怖的。故选A项。10.推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“To expand her efforts, in 1816 she founded the association for the improvement of the female prisoners of Newgate “to provide
63、for the clothing, instruction, and employment of the women, and to form in them, as much as possible, those habits of order and industry, which may make them peaceable while in prison, and respectable when they leave it.” (为了扩大自己的努力，在1816年，她成立了纽盖特女囚犯改良协会，“为女囚犯提供服装、教育和就业，并尽可能地培养她们的秩序和勤奋习惯，使她们在狱中和平相处，
64、在出狱时受到尊敬。”)”可知，作者成立协会的目的就是让这些囚犯们改邪归正，并且有一技之长，这样当他们被释放后过上体面的生活。故选D项。11.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Specific reforms she campaigned for included: separation of men and women prisoners, paid work for prisoners, women guards for women prisoners, and the housing of criminals based on their crimes. (她所倡导的具体改革包括：男女囚犯的
65、隔离，囚犯的有偿工作，女狱警为女囚犯提供服务，以及根据罪犯的罪行为他们提供住房)”可知，作者倡导的这些改革内容都是站在囚犯人权的角度，都是为了囚犯的人权能得到更好的尊重。故选C项。4Light pollution is blocking a starry view of the night sky for more than half of people across England, a research has found.Fifty-seven percent of stargazers struggled to see more than 10 stars, while just 2%
66、 of participants said they experienced a truly dark sky making them be able to count more than 30, according to the research by the Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE). People in the countryside were encouraged to count how many stars they could see with eyes within the constellation of Orion,
67、which is visible only in the winter months.Campaigners said the results of the star count, supported by the British Astronomical Association, showed the problem of light pollution and how it affected one of the countrysides most magical sights-a dark, starry night sky. They said the results of the r
68、esearch to map Englands night skies suggested more could be done by the government, local councils and the general public to reduce the negative effects of artificial light from streets and buildings.Emma Marrington, dark skies campaigner at the CPRE, said Were hugely grateful to the people who took
69、 the time to get out and take part in our star count. But its deeply disappointing that the vast majority were unable to experience the natural wonder of a truly dark sky blanketed with stars. Without any action, our night sky will continue to be lost under a covering of artificial light, ruining th
70、e health of the natural world.She added: The star count results show just how far-reaching the light from street lights and buildings can be seen. Light doesnt respect boundaries, and careless use can see it spread for, miles from cities.”She suggested better-designed lighting, street light dimming
71、systems and part-night lighting where some street lights are turned off during the small hours should provide an, opportunity to limit the damage caused by light pollution, reduce carbon emissions and save money.12.What causes the light pollution according to the text?A.More and more buildings.B.Les
72、s and less outdoor activities.C.The overuse of artificial light.D.The spread of light in the countryside.13.How does Emma feel about the stargazers efforts?A.Disappointed.B.Surprised.C.Regretful.D.Appreciative.14.What is Emmas suggestion for dealing with the light pollution?A.Using street lights wis
73、ely.B.Turning off lights at night.C.Spreading light further.D.Changing the streets design.【答案】12.C13.D14.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文是一篇关于光污染的文章，一项研究发现，光污染阻碍了英国一半以上的人观赏星空。介绍了光污染是如何产生的,它的危害，以及减轻光污染的一些措施。12.细节理解题。根据第三段中“ They said the results of the research to map Englands night skies suggested more could be done
74、 by the government, local councils and the general public to reduce the negative effects of artificial light from streets and buildings.(他们说，绘制英格兰夜空图的研究结果表明，政府、地方议会和公众可以采取更多措施来减少来自街道和建筑物的人造光的负面影响)”以及第四段中“Without any action, our night sky will continue to be lost under a covering of artificial light,
75、 ruining the health of the natural world.(如果不采取任何行动，我们的夜空将继续在人造光的覆盖下消失，破坏自然界的健康)”可知，导致光污染的是人造光的过度使用。故选C。13.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Were hugely grateful to the people who took the time to get out and take part in our star count.(我们非常感谢那些花时间参加我们的星空计数活动的人)”可知，Emma对观星者的努力是感激的。故选D。14.细节理解题。根据最后一段“She suggested bett
76、er-designed lighting, street light dimming systems and part- night lighting where some street lights are turned off during the small hours should provide an opportunity to limit the damage caused by light pollution, reduce carbon emissions and save money.( 她建议，设计更好的照明系统、路灯调暗系统以及在凌晨关闭部分路灯的部分夜间照明，应该能够
77、减少光污染造成的损害、减少碳排放并省钱)”可知，Emma对处理光污染的建议是“明智地使用路灯。”故选A。5On social media, you may see BM girls, who wear small skirts, tiny T-shirts and skinny jeans. The group is named after the Italian fashion brand Brandy Melville. It says its clothes are “one size fits all”.However, most clothes the brand provides
78、for girls are in small sizes, according to British newspaper The Sun. The brands idea of “one size fits all has made many girls feel uncomfortable.For me, the problem was not the fact that I couldnt purchase your clothes. The root of my frustration is in the humiliation I felt when I realized that .
79、 I just wasnt good enough for the Melville brand, young girl Andy Esmond wrote on the website Odyssey. I got the message loud and clear: If you dont have an ideal body type, we would rather you not wear our clothing.Esmond is one of many girls around the world who are dissatisfied with their body sh
80、apes. According to a 2018 survey conducted by Youth Select Committee in the UK, 8 in 10 teenage girls in the UK want to change their weight or body shape. Tn China, more than half of teenagers want to lose weight to make themselves look better, according to a 2018 survey by Southern Weekly.But fashi
81、on trends like the Brandy Melville clothing line do nothing to ease the anxiety of negative body image. Instead, they feed it further, noted Coppell Student Media. In order to achieve such an ideal” image, some girls develop eating disorders. Even worse, this trend may lead to low self-esteem, depre
82、ssion and hopelessness.“The idealization of thinness can be a key factor in worsening the illness and preventing recovery, and fashion retailers should respect diversity in peoples natural body shapes and sizes,“ Beat, the UKs leading eating disorder charity, told Fabulous Digital.After all, beauty
83、doesnt come in a box, or in one form. Just recognize that we are all different and that is something to be celebrated. In fact, accepting your true self can display a natural beauty that cannot be ignored.15.What can we know about the group BM girls?A.They are an American fashion brand.B.They only b
84、uy Brandy Melville clothes.C.They love to wear small-sized clothes.D.They always share what they wear online.16.Why are many girls dissatisfied with the brand Brandy Melville?A.Because it offers limited sizes in clothing.B.Because it produces too expensive clothes for them.C.Because it provides all
85、customers middle-sized clothes.D.Because it has poor customer service.17.How do fashion trends like one-size-fits-all influence consumers?A.They help people to improve their body image.B.They set new standards for clothing production.C.They encourage people to accept their body image.D.They cause so
86、me girls to develop unhealthy body images.18.What should fashion retailers do according to Beat?A.Promote the idea of wearing comfortable clothes.B.Help customers recover from their illnesses.C.Value differences in body shapes and sizes.D.Encourage customers to wear different clothes.【答案】15.C16.A17.
87、D18.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今类似Brandy Melville这样的时尚品牌以“一码通吃”为理念，导致了一些女孩追求不健康的身体形象，说明了这种趋势的危害以及人们对此的看法。15.细节理解题。根据第一段中“On social media, you may see BM girls, who wear small skirts, tiny T-shirts and skinny jeans. The group is named after the Italian fashion brand Brandy Melville.(在社交媒体上，你可能会看到BM女孩，她们穿着小
88、短裙、小t恤和紧身牛仔裤。该集团是以意大利时尚品牌Brandy Melville命名的)”以及第二段中“However, most clothes the brand provides for girls are in small sizes, according to British newspaper The Sun.(然而，据英国太阳报报道，该品牌为女孩提供的大部分衣服都是小号的)”可知，“BM 女孩”喜欢穿小号的衣服。故选C。16.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The brands idea of one size fits all has made many girls feel unc
89、omfortable.(该品牌的一码通吃的理念让很多女孩感到不满)”可知，许多女孩对Brandy Melville这个牌子不满意，因为它的衣服尺码有限。故选A。17.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But fashion trends like the Brandy Melville clothing line do nothing to ease the anxiety of negative body image. Instead, they feed it further, noted Coppell Student Media. In order to achieve such an id
90、eal image, some girls develop eating disorders. Even worse, this trend may lead to low self-esteem, depression and hopelessness.(但是像Brandy Melville服装系列这样的时尚趋势并不能缓解人们对身体负面形象的焦虑。科佩尔学生媒体指出，相反，他们会进一步加剧这种焦虑。为了达到这样的理想形象，一些女孩患上了饮食失调。更糟糕的是，这种趋势可能会导致低自尊、抑郁和绝望)”可知，“一码通吃”的时尚趋势导致一些女孩不健康的身体形象认识。故选D。18.细节理解题。根据倒数
91、第二段中“The idealization of thinness can be a key factor in worsening the illness and preventing recovery, and fashion retailers should respect diversity in peoples natural body shapes and sizes(对苗条的理想化可能是导致疾病恶化和阻碍康复的一个关键因素，时尚零售商应该尊重人们自然体型和尺寸的多样性)”可知，时尚零售商应该重视身材和体型大小的差异。故选C。6It was about 10:15 p.m. Jan
92、ice Esposito got off the train at the Bellport, New York, got into her car and began driving home. She had traveled the route so many times that she almost drove automatically: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and thenbang! Out of nowhere a car crashed into Espositos car, pu
93、shing her backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the airbags that popped up, she got stuck in the vehicle. As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for bed when he heard the crash coming from not far outside his bedroom window.A voluntee
94、r firefighter and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never stopped to think. He grabbed a flashlight and rushed out. “Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he said. “Were always on duty. ”The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had hit Esposito. Once making sur
95、e the driver was OK, he looked around and spotted Espositos car straddling (骑跨) the railroad tracks. And then he heard a bell sound, which signaled a coming train.DiPinto rushed to Espositos car and hit on the drivers side window. She just looked at him, “I dont know where I am,” she said.“Youre on
96、the railroad tracks,” DiPinto yelled. “We have to get you off right now!” The train was traveling at a speed of 65 miles per hour toward them. The drivers door couldnt be opened due to the crash, so DiPinto ran to the passenger side. He threw open the door, pushed aside the airbags, seized Espositos
97、 arms, and pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until he finally got her out and walked her to safety as quickly as he could.Within seconds, the train crashed into the car. “It was like a Hollywood movie, ” DiPinto told reporters the next day. “Last night, ” said Greg Miglino Chief of the
98、 South Country Ambulance, “the hero arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck. ”19.What can we know about the accident from the first paragraph?A.Esposito was not familiar with the road.B.Esposito was driving too fast.C.The crash was violent.D.It should have been avoided.20.Why was the situation so da
99、ngerous?A.Esposito was badly injured.B.Esposito was to be hit by the train.C.Esposito was firmly stuck in the car.D.The drivers door couldnt be opened.21.What does Greg Miglino really mean?A.He is praising DiPintos heroic action.B.DiPintodidnt act as professionally.C.A firefighter should be ready an
100、y time.D.Fire trucks are not enough for emergencies.22.What is the best title of the passage?A.A woman had an accident on the way home at night.B.A woman had a narrow death escape.C.A firefighter managed to become a hero overnight.D.A firefighter saved a woman from a further accident.【答案】19.C20.B21.
101、A22.D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Janice Esposito在回家的路上出了车祸，被卡在火车铁轨上，幸亏住在附近的志愿消防员DiPinto听到车祸的撞击声后，来不及换衣服就穿着睡衣赶到了现场，并且在火车撞到Esposito之前，救下了她。事后，南方救护车的负责人Greg Miglino形容DiPinto是穿着睡衣的英雄。19.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Out of nowhere a car crashed into Espositos car, pushing her backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. Inju
102、red but mostly shocked by the crash and by the airbags that popped up, she got stuck in the vehicle. (突然一辆车撞上了Esposito的车，把她向后推了100英尺，倒在铁轨上。她受伤了，但主要是被碰撞和弹出的安全气囊震惊了，她被卡在了车里)”可知，车祸很惨烈。故选C。20.细节理解题。根据第四段中“And then he heard a bell sound, which signaled a coming train. (这时，他听到了一声火车钟声，表明火车来了)”以及倒数第三段中“The
103、train was traveling at a speed of 65 miles per hour toward them.(火车正以每小时65英里的速度向他们驶来)”可知，Esposito快被火车撞了使得情况万分危急。故选B。21.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Within seconds, the train crashed into the car.(几秒钟后，火车就撞上了那辆汽车)”以及最后一段中“the hero arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck. (英雄是穿着睡衣来的，而不是坐在消防车里)”结合上文讲述了穿着睡衣就赶到车祸现场的DiPinto，在火车撞到Esposito之前，救了Esposito，因此是穿着睡衣的英雄。即Greg Miglino真正的意思是在赞扬DiPinto的英雄行为。故选A。22.主旨大意题。根据主要讲述了Janice Esposito在回家的路上出了车祸，被卡在火车铁轨上，幸亏住在附近的志愿消防员DiPinto听到车祸的撞击声后，来不及换衣服就穿着睡衣赶到了现场，并且在火车撞到Esposito之前，救下了她。事后，南方救护车的负责人Greg Miglino形容DiPinto是穿着睡衣的英雄。可知，D选项“一名消防员从一起车祸衍生意外中救出一名女子”最适合作文章标题。故选D。