1、专题19 主旨大意题解答技巧主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。主旨大意题的分类 1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻 找或总结。2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。设问特点1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。3
2、. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。常考问题1. 中心思想类 The main point /idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about The passage mainly discusses The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with? Which of the following statements best expresses the
3、 main idea of the passage?2. 标题类 Which of the following is the best title of the passage? The best title for the passage would be 3. 目的类 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to The passage is meant to . In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1
4、. 中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。（2020天津卷.第二次）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of g
5、reat achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not mer
6、ely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent dont have to be learned. We are born wi
7、th them and need only recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his childs heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own li
8、ttle corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and d
9、iscontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldnt arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to
10、 answer your own excuses. You havent any special ability? Most people dont; there are only a few geniuses. You havent any time? Thats good, because its always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Toms Cabin while cooking. Youre too old? Reme
11、mber that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for youll never be more alive than you are at this moment.1.In writing Paragraph 1, the aut
12、hor aims to _.A.propose a definitionB.make a comparisonC.reach a conclusionD.present an argument2.What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from challenging authority.D.Greatness comes f
13、rom a lasting desire to explore.3.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a life of adventure.D.Follow the fashion.4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.B.The genius
14、tends to get things done creatively.C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.5.What could be the best tile or the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB.Reflections on Human NatureC.The Keys to AchievementD.Never Too La
15、te to Learn【答案】1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素好奇心和不满足。1.推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstandi
16、ng man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽
17、利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his childs heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. W
18、e stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第
19、七段中的You havent any special ability? Most people dont; there are only a few geniuses. You havent any time? Thats good, because its always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容Aft
20、er years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two bel
21、ong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。2. 主题句出现在文尾在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。The famous American gorilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas she pretended to be
22、one of them. She copied their actions and way of life eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does. It was a new relationship.Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist. It was a long way from
23、King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster (a frightening animal), and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired.Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400450 mountain gorillas in the wild. From the Congo in West Afri
24、ca, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.Some time ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It had two photos side by side. One was of a young gorilla. “This is a species of mammal(哺
25、乳类动物),” said the words below it. “It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a human baby. The words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive(破坏性的) on earth. We must retrain it for its own good.”56.The text m
26、ainly talks about _.A. Diane Fossey B. the gorillas in RwandaC. the protection of the gorillas D. the film Gorillas in the Mist【答案】C【解析】文章第一段谈到Diane Fossey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own goo
27、d.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。3. 首尾呼应的写作方法为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People p
28、lay lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has a stick called “ cross”. The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because
29、 the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse. There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio. At o
30、ne time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.1.The passage is mainly about _.A. How to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse D. LacrosseA Popular Game in Canada 【答案】D【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中
31、，没有明确的主题句阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。（2020全国卷II） Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levin
32、e, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income
33、, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The chil
34、dren who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with
35、 puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language
36、and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.6.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.7.What did Lev
37、ine take into consideration when designing her experiment？A.Parents age.B.Childrens imagination.C.Parents education.D.Child-parent relationship.8.How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A.They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial
38、 language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.9.What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologistD.A teaching program.【答案】6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B【分析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。6.细节理解题。根据第二段中found children who play with puzzles between
39、ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents income, education and the amount of p
40、arent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。8.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play wit
41、h tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。9.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。5. 主题句出现在文章的中间通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。（2020年1月浙江卷）Todays world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for succe
42、ss is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at
43、 these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，Padilla-Walker said. This research also helps to prove that chara
44、cteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a childs life success.”Researchers determined that dads need to practice an authoritative parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian:rigid，demanding or controlling. Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some
45、of the following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A ke
46、y finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still ma
47、y play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.10.What is special about the BYU professors study?A.It centered on fathers role in parenting.B.It was based on a number of large families.C.It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.D.It aimed to improv
48、e kids achievement in school.11.What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?A.Ignore their demands.B.Make decisions for them.C.Control their behaviors.D.Explain the rules to them.12.Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?A.Single parents.B.Child
49、ren aged from 11 to 14.C.Authoritarian fathers.D.Mothers in two-parent homes.13.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.B.Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.C.Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.D.Family Relati
50、onship Influences School Performance.【答案】10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。10.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to
51、help their adolescent children learn persistence.（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。11.推理判断题。根据第四段中Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the
52、reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。12.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persis
53、tence，which is an avenue of future research.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。13.主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中A key finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes
54、in school.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。 I. 阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1You cant imagine how terrible I felt at that time. A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not run
55、ning for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps (圆圈) and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later told me that I was “not athletic”.The idea th
56、at I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamed
57、 that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust (重新调整). Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”By mile1
58、7, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Although my ankle was very painful, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was so hungry!As I came to mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock s
59、ounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can
60、now call myself a “marathon winner”.1.How did he author feel a month before the marathon?A.Anxious.B.Frightened.C.Well prepared.D.Confident.2.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A.To thank the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not
61、 talented in sports.D.To share a valuable memory.3.How was the authors first marathon?A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.4.What does the story mainly tell us?A.One is never too old to learn.B.Failure is the mother of success.C.A winner is one with a great
62、effort of will.D.A man owes his success to his family support.【答案】1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己第一次参加马拉松过程。比赛前一个月的因脚踝受伤而少了两星期的训练，自己坚持不放弃，然后是克服比赛途中的种种艰辛与困难，最后完成全程抵达终点，经受住了毅志的考验，可以称自己是“马拉松赢家”。1.推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句“You cant imagine how terrible I felt at that time. A month before my first marathon, on
63、e of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.”可知，你想象不到那个时候我的感觉有多么的糟糕。在我的第一次马拉松比赛前一个月，我的一只脚踝受伤了，这意味着有两周时间我不能跑，只有两周时间训练。由此可知，赛前受伤，作者的心情是焦虑紧张的。故选A项。2.推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“I didnt do either well. He later told me that I was “not athletic”.”可知，两样运动我都做
64、得不好。他后来告诉我说我是“不善于运动”。由此可知，作者提到七年级的体育课来表明他在体育方面没有天赋。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段句子“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished!”可知，我是最后完成全程的运动员之一。但是我完成了全程！由此可知，作者完成了全程马拉松比赛。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。根据赛前的第三段句子“It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!(它是一场我自身身体与意志力的斗争。一个意志的测试
65、)”和最后一段“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.(由于下定决心成为自己 ，向前跑，不怕羞愧与世俗标签，我现在能称自己是一个“马拉松赢家”)”可知，这个故事主要告诉我们，一个获胜者是一个努力、有毅力的人。故选C项。2The great 18th-century author Montesquieu once put it, “I have never known any stress t
66、hat an hours reading does not reduce. And now many argue for a return to this view of literature as therapy, even using the word “bibliotherapy（阅读疗法）to describe it.So what does literature provide, beyond entertainment? It can act as a guide.Those who show great respect for Shakespeare, Milton or Pro
67、ust should keep in mind that even the most famous author was still a human being.In other words, great writers have been through the same things as you.Like you, they found themselves in this strange world and they tried to make sense of it.And this is what most literature consists of: people trying
68、 to make sense of the world.No matter what your fears or concerns may be, chances are some great writer has written about them.Before seeking （寻求）suggestions, cither from a professional or a well-read friend, be clear about what is troubling you.For example, lets say you were raised in a religious （
69、信仰宗教的）family but now, in later life, have lost your faith （信仰）.This is painful to you and you feel empty and alone.Countless writers have gone down this path before you and have found a way out the German poet and novelist Hermann Hesse, for example, wrote the wonderful little novel Siddartha about
70、this search for spiritual peace.It would also help to consider your particular life stage.Someone from a poor background about to set off for a great college will want a different set of reading from a retired woman whose husband has died.To take another example, lets imagine you had a childhood of
71、abuse （虐待）.For years you have suffered from depression.In that case, you could try Edward St Aubyns The Patrick Melrose Novels.St Aubyns father abused him, while his mother escaped into drink, but Aubyn wrote a series of splendid novels based on his life, charting a mans journey through the hard sit
72、uation of abuse and out the other end.5.Why does the author quote Montesquieu?A.To stress the effect of bibliotherapy.B.To explain what bibliotherapy means.C.To tell us when bibliotherapy came into being.D.To argue for the use of literature as therapy.6.What should you do before seeking suggestions
73、on your book list?A.Find out which writer has written about your problem.B.Know what authors have gone through.C.Find out how to seek spiritual peace.D.Know what your trouble is.7.What can we infer from the last paragraph?.A.Aubyns novels suit people who have retired.B.Aubyns novels are mainly read
74、by young readers.C.People should choose novels according to their interest.D.People of different ages need different works of literature.8.What is the text mainly about?A.What novels best suit you.B.A form of therapy: literature.C.The great influence of literature.D.The experiences of great writers.
75、【答案】5.A6.D7.D8.B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种治疗方式：阅读疗法，其指的是人们可以根据自己的情况和需求通过阅读来对生活中所遭受的消极方面进行思想和心理上的治疗或者减轻压力，从而积极面对生活。5.推理判断题。根据第一段“The great 18th-century author Montesquieu once put it, “I have never known any stress that an hours reading does not reduce.”(伟大的18世纪作家孟德斯鸠曾经说过:“我从未见过一小时的阅读没有减轻压力。”)可知孟德斯鸠对阅读减轻压力持
76、非常肯定和积极的态度，由此可推知作者在第一段引用孟德斯鸠的话是为了强调“阅读疗法”的效果，故选A项。6.细节理解题。根据第三段“Before seeking （寻求）suggestions, cither from a professional or a well-read friend, be clear about what is troubling you.”(在向专业人士或博学的朋友寻求建议之前，先弄清楚困扰你的是什么。)可知在寻求建议之前要先知道自己的困扰是什么，故选D项。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“It would also help to consider your parti
77、cular life stage.Someone from a poor background about to set off for a great college will want a different set of reading from a retired woman whose husband has died.”(考虑一下你的生活阶段也会有所帮助。一个家境贫寒、即将进入一所好大学的人需要的阅读材料会和一位丈夫去世的退休妇女完全不同。)可知,不同阶段的人需要的文学作品也不一样。故选D项。8.主旨大意题。由第一段“And now many argue for a return
78、to this view of literature as therapy, even using the word “bibliotherapy（阅读疗法）to describe it.”(现在，许多人主张回归文学作为一种治疗的观点，甚至使用“阅读疗法”这个词来描述它。)可知提出了文章的主题“阅读疗法”，结合全文对阅读疗法的介绍和作用，阅读疗法应该选用的阅读材料等内容可知本文主要是在介绍一种治疗方式：文学。故选B项。3Birthdays often involve surprises. But this years surprise on the birthday of the great
79、British playwright William Shakespeare is surely one of the most dramatic.On April 22, one day before his 441st birthday anniversary, experts discovered that one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare is a fake. This means that we no longer have a good idea of what Shakespeare loo
80、ked like. “Its very possible that many pictures of Shakespeare might be unreliable because many of them are copies of this one,” said an expert from Britains National Portrait Gallery.The discovery comes after four months of testing using X-rays, ultraviolet light, microphotography and paint samples
81、. The experts from the gallery say the image commonly known as the “Flower portrait” was actually painted in the 1800s, about two centuries after Shakespeares death. The art experts who work at the gallery say they also used modern chemistry technology to check the paint on the picture. These checks
82、 found traces of paint dating from about 1814. Shakespeare died in 1616, and the date that appears on the portrait is 1609.“We now think the portrait dates back to around 1818 to 1840. This was when there was a renewed interest in Shakespeares plays,” Tarnya Cooper, the gallerys curator （馆长）, told t
83、he Associated President.The fake picture has often been used as a cover for collections of his plays. It is called the Flower portrait because one of its owners, Desmond Flower, gave it to the Royal Shakespeare Company.“There have always been questions about the painting,” said David Howells, curato
84、r for the Royal Shakespeare Company. “Now we know the truth, we can put the image in its proper place in the history of Shakespearean portraiture. ”Two other images of Shakespeare, are also being studied as part of the investigation and the results will come out later this month. _.9.What makes the
85、birthday of Shakespeare dramatic this year?A.It was found that he painted a portrait in 1814 instead of in 1609.B.The Flower portrait has been found to be a fake.C.Three portraits of Shakespeare are being tested to identify a real one.D.It was found that there was a renewed interest in Shakespeares
86、plays around 1818 to 1840.10.Which statement is True according to the passage?A.Portraits of Shakespeare are all unreliable.B.“Flower portrait” was a portrait of Shakespeare given to Desmond Flower.C.1814 might be when the portrait was drawn.D.The Flower portrait is not often used as a cover for Sha
87、kespeares play.11.The best title for this passage is _.A.Birthdays often involve surprisesB.The surprise on the 441st birthday of ShakespeareC.One portrait of Shakespeare is a fakeD.How can we know Shakespeares appearance?12.Which is the best sentence to fill in the blank in the last paragraph?A.Soo
88、n well know which portrait is reliable.B.Maybe we cannot find a real portrait of Shakespeare.C.If the two portraits are found to be false, they will test more.D.For now what Shakespeare really looked like will remain a mystery.【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.D【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了在莎士比亚的第441个周年纪念日中，专家们发现最具认可度的莎士比亚画像
89、原来是假的，并讲述了理由及至少四种测量的方法。现如今，莎士比亚到底什么样子仍然是一个谜。9.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“experts discovered that one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare is a fake.”(专家们发现一幅最为人熟知的莎士比亚画像是赝品。)可知，莎士比亚的一幅得到公认的肖像画被发现是仿制品。故选B项。10.细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“These checks found traces of paint dating from about 1814.”(经查验，发现大约
90、1814年的油漆痕迹。)可知，这幅叫做“Flower portrait”的肖像画所使用的油漆可追溯到1814年，有此可推知，这幅画可能是1814年画的。故选C项。11.主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“But this years surprise on the birthday of the great British playwright William Shakespeare is surely one of the most dramatic. ”(但是今年英国伟大的剧作家威廉莎士比亚诞辰之日的惊喜无疑是最戏剧性的事件之一。)和第二段第一句“one day before his 441st
91、 birthday anniversary, experts discovered that one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare is a fake”(威廉莎士比亚441岁生日的前一天，专家们发现一幅最为人熟知的莎士比亚画像是赝品。)可知，文章主要讲的是，在莎士比亚诞辰441年之际，专家发现莎士比亚公认的一幅肖像画是仿制的，以此让很多人都感到惊讶。故选B项。12.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Two other images of Shakespeare, are also being studied as p
92、art of the investigation and the results will come out later this month. ”(另外两个图片的莎士比亚,也被作为调查的一部分，研究结果将在本月晚些时候。)可知，另外两幅只是调查的一部分，也就是说，有待调查取证的肖像画不止这两幅，如果这两幅也是假的，那么会有更多的画作被检测，所以可知，到现在为止莎士比亚到底是什么样子的仍然是个谜。故选D项。4In the earliest stages of mans development he had no more need of money than animals have. He
93、was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comf
94、ortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose.At first he got what he want
95、ed by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough (犁). But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to b
96、e satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degree to the invention of money. In some countries easily handled th
97、ings like seeds or shells were given a certain value and farmer, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries
98、 quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity (稀有) of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.13.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?A.M
99、an needed little in the earliest stages.B.Man preferred to make tools by himself.C.How the simple process of exchange arose.D.What the early man needed from others.14.As men became more civilized they_.A.all learnt to make by themselves the things neededB.wanted better things than those they themsel
100、ves could provideC.had to travel a lot to look for what they wantedD.no longer provided food and clothing for themselves15.Exchange of goods became difficult because_.A.man became more civilizedB.there was not a marketplace for farmers and smiths to exchange their goodsC.farmers hadnt enough grain o
101、r meat to provide for skilled workersD.more and more goods which had no fixed exchange values appeared on the market.16.Money was not used until_.A.the exchange of one for another became too complicatedB.paper was inventedC.people practiced a simple process of exchangeD.nothing could be offered in e
102、xchange【答案】13.C14.B15.D16.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了货币产生的过程。13.主旨大意题。由第一段首句“In the earliest stages of mans development he had no more need of money than animals have.”（在人类发展的早期阶段，人类和动物一样不需要钱。）和最后一句话“It was then that the question of payment arose.”（就在那时，付款的问题出现了。）再结合段落内容，可以推测出，第一段主要介绍了简单的交换过程是如何产生的。所以选项C符合题意
103、。故选C项。14.细节理解题。根据第一段句子“As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands.”（然而，随着他变得更加文明，他开始想要更好的住所，更有效的工具和武器，
104、以及更舒适和更持久的衣服，而不是由他自己的邻居或他自己不熟练的手所能提供的。）可知，随着文明的发展，人们想要比他们自己能提供的更好的东西。所以选项B符合题意。故选B项。15.细节理解题。根据第二段句子“But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory.”（但是，随着越来越多的没有固定兑换价值的商品上市，交易变得过于复杂，难以令人满意。）可知，交易变得困难是因为市场上出现了越来越多没有
105、固定兑换价值的商品。所以选项D符合题意。故选D项。16.细节理解题。根据最后一段句子“Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degree to the invention of money. ”（因此，兑换的困难程度导致了货币的发明。）可知，当物物交换变得太复杂时，导致了货币的出现。所以选项A符合题意。故选A项。5Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been grabbing global headlines as scientists and environmental g
106、roups are worried that they will make climate change crisis worse and threaten biodiversity (生物多样性).As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called “the lungs of the world.” It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals and 1 million local people. The vast swath
107、s (大片土地) of rainforest play an important role in the worlds ecosystem because they absorb heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere. They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, ensuring that less carbon is released, easing the effects of climate change.“Any rainforest destro
108、yed by fire is a threat to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity,” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. “The most serious threat is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere.” he stressed. “In the midst of the global climate crisis, we
109、 cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected.” UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil increased by 82 percent from January to August
110、this year compared to the same period the year before. “A total of 71,497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first eight months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018,” INPE said. “We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased between 20 and 30
111、percent compared to the last 12 months.” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose degradation could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall The extent of the area ru
112、ined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has transcended (超出) Brazils borders, reaching Peruvian, Paraguayan and Bolivian regions.17.What is the second paragraph mainly talking about?A.The effects of climate change.B.The role of the Amazon rainforest.C.The results of the Amazon rain
113、forest fires.D.The causes of the decreasing biodiversity.18.What can we infer from Lovejoys and Guterress words?A.The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.B.The biodiversity makes the rainforests unique.C.The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.D.The global climate crisis brings mor
114、e rainforest fires.19.Why does the author list the numbers in paragraph 4?A.To prove the importance of rainforest.B.To show the influence of climate change.C.To explain the process of the research.D.To stress the reduction of rainforest areas.20.Which section of a magazine is this text probably take
115、n from?A.Sports and music.B.Science and technology.C.Nature and geography.D.Business and culture.【答案】17.B18.C19.D20.C【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了持续的亚马逊雨林大火，会使气候变化危机恶化，威胁生物多样性。17.主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容“the Amazon is often called the lungs of the world ”、“ It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and anima
116、ls ”、“ play an important role in the worlds ecosystem”和“They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen”可知，第二段的段落大意就是介绍亚马逊雨林的地位。所选项B符合题意，故选B。18.推理判断题。由题干中的“Lovejoys and Guterress words” 快速定位到第三段内容。Lovejoy强调“The most serious threat is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere.”（最严重的威胁是大量的碳进入大气层
117、）；Guterres说“In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity.”（在全球气候危机中，我们无法承受对氧气和生物多样性的主要来源造成更大的破坏。）。由此可以推测出热带雨林火灾会造成严重后果。所以选项C符合题意。故选C项。19.细节理解题。由第四段内容“ the number of forest fires in Brazil increased by 82 percent ”和“ up from 39,1
118、94 in the same period in 2018”可知，火灾比以往更频繁。根据句子“We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months.”（我们估计巴西亚马逊地区的森林面积比过去12个月减少了20%到30%。）可知，作者列举数据的原因是强调雨林面积不断减少。选项D符合题意，故选D项。20.推理判断题。根据文章大意，文章主要介绍了位于巴西的亚马逊雨林不断遭受火灾，雨林面积不断减少，
119、由此可能带来生态灾难。所以文章出自杂志的“自然和地理”板块。故选C项。6When we think about giving help to developing countries, we often think about giving money so that these countries can build schools and hospitals, buy food and medicine, or find clean water supplies. These seem to be the most important basic needs of the people w
120、e are trying to help. However, its far from enough. Nowadays, weve got to come up with better ideas to help them.A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer that can run without electricity. The laptop is a little different from the normal laptop computers. One difference is th
121、at it is covered in rubber so that it is very strong and wont be damaged easily. As an electricity supply can be a problem in developing countries, the computer also has a special handle so that children can wind the computer up to give it extra power when needed.These special laptop computers will
122、cost less than 100 dollars and Mr. Negroponte wants to build as many as 15 million machines in the first year of production. The idea is that these computers will help the childrens education as they will be able to access the Internet. These computers might not help the people in developing countie
123、s immediately, but by improving childrens education, they should help people to find their own solutions to their problems in the long term.Another idea to help children in developing countries is to recycle old mobile phones so that they can be used again. In the UK and many other countries, millio
124、ns of mobile phones are thrown away every year. The waste created by throwing away these old phones is very bad for the environment, so it seems like an excellent idea to recycle them. In this way we will be able to achieve two important goals at the same time. We will reduce the waste we produce an
125、d help others. In other words, we will be able to “kill two birds with one stone”, and that is always a good thing.21.What can we learn about the laptop computer invented by Nicholas Negroponte?A.It can work without electricity.B.It is covered with plastic.C.It will cost over 100 dollars.D.It helps
126、developing countries at once.22.What do the underlined words “wind the computer up” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Blow hard to make the computer work.B.Turn the handle to make the computer work.C.Push hard to make the computer work.D.Bend the handle to make the computer work.23.What does recycling
127、old mobile phones mean to us?A.It reduces rubbish and can benefit others.B.It prevents pollution and can earn lots of money.C.It is good for the environment and very educative for phone users.D.It is a way to send the waste from developed countries to other countries.24.What could be the best title
128、for the text?A.The Benefits of Recycling CellphonesB.Special Computers Providing SolutionsC.New Ways of Helping Developing CountriesD.High Technology Improving Childrens Education【答案】21.A 22.B 23.A 24.C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了帮助发展中国家的两个新想法。一个叫尼古拉斯尼葛洛庞帝的人发明了一种不用电就能运行的廉价笔记本电脑。另一个帮助发展中国家儿童的想法是回收旧手机，使它们可以再次别使
129、用。21.细节理解题。由第二段“ A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer that can run without electricity.”可知，一个叫尼古拉斯尼葛洛庞帝的人发明了一种不用电就能运行的廉价笔记本电脑。故选A项。22.词句猜测题。根据“As an electricity supply can be a problem in developing countries, the computer also has a special handle ”由于电力供应在发展中国家可能是一个问题，计
130、算机也有一个特殊的手柄以及“give it extra power when needed. ”在需要的时候给它额外的电力。划线短语的意思是“转动手柄使计算机工作。故选B项。23.细节理解题。由题干中的“old mobile phones”定位到文章第四段内容。由句子“The waste created by throwing away these old phones is very bad for the environment, so it seems like an excellent idea to recycle them. ”（扔掉这些旧手机产生的废物对环境非常有害，所以回收它们似乎是个好主意。）和句子“We will reduce the waste we produce and help others. ”（我们将减少我们产生的废物，并帮助他人。）可知，回收利用旧手机既能减少污染浪费还能帮助他人。故选A项。24.主旨大意题。短文介绍了帮助发展中国家的两个新想法。一个叫尼古拉斯尼葛洛庞帝的人发明了一种不用电就能运行的廉价笔记本电脑。另一个帮助发展中国家儿童的想法是回收旧手机，使它们可以再次别使用。所以选项C“New Ways of Helping Developing Countries”（帮助发展中国家的新方法）为短文最佳标题。故选C项。