1、一、语基必备知识 (一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1strait n 海峡2Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的3federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的4nephew n. 侄子；外甥5vice n& adj. 代理；副职6shave vt.& vi. 刮；剃7bakery n. 面包房；面包厂8seagull n. 海鸥9cattle n. 牛(总称)10mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛11authority n. 权威；权力(pl.) 当局；官方12rail n. 铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条13percentage n. 百分比；百分率14pole n.
2、 地极；电极；磁极15justice n. 正义；公平16insert vt. 插入；嵌入.核心词汇写其形1despite prep.尽管；不管2hardship n. 苦难；困苦3occur vi. 发生；出现4luggage n. 行李(美baggage)5thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的6boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期7civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的8hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用9grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会10thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的11reform vt.& vi.
3、改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良12nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无13customs n. 海关；关税；进口税.拓展词汇通其变1distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著2immigrant n(从外国移入的)移民immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)immigration n移民；移居入境3mean v意思是；意味着 adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的means n手段；方法meaning n意思；意义meaningful_adj.有意义的4major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n专业majority n大多数；大半minority n少数
4、5elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举6race n种族；竞争racial adj.人种的；种族的7cross n十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生气的 v使交叉；横过crossing n横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道across prep.在对面8apply vi.申请applicant n申请人application n申请书；申请9indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indication n迹象；标示；预兆；暗示indicator n指示器；指示信号10apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.显然地；显而易
5、见地11conduct v管理conductor n(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥12slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n滑动；滑倒 slippery adj.滑的13punish vt.处罚；惩罚punishment n处罚；惩罚14society n社会social adj.社会的socialist n社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的socialism n社会主义1.后缀“or”表示“人”的高频名词conductor(公车)售票员； 列车员；(乐队)指挥translator 翻译家；译者director 导演；主管educator 教育工作者operator 操作员；接线员
6、inventor 发明家；发明者2.带后缀ing的名词集锦crossing横渡；横越；十字 路口；人行横道training 训练feeling 感觉wedding 婚礼marketing 促销engineering 工程3.与“雇用；辞退”有关的词汇hire vt.& n雇用employ vt. 雇用take on 雇用fire vt. 解雇；开除dismiss vt. 解雇；开除lay off 解雇 (二)重点短语记牢用活1live_on继续存在；继续生存2by_means_of._ 用办法；借助3make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传
7、统等)5back_to_back 背靠背6team_up_with 与合作或一起工作7mark_out 用线画出范围；标出界线8take_in 包括；吸收9a_great/good_many 许多；很多10apply_for 申请；请示得到1.“v.out”结构的短语荟萃mark out用线画出范围；标出界线work out 锻炼；解决；算出；理解turn out 结果是；证明是cut out 删去；停止；切断make out 理解；辨认出come out 出版；开花2.“名词to名词”短语一览heart to heart心连心地back to back 背靠背地face to face 面对
8、面地mouth to mouth 口对口地knee to knee 促膝地shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 (三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：“介词what”引导宾语从句Exactly when the first people arrived_in_what we now know as California, no one really knows.最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。句型2：it is likely that.有可能However, it_is_likely_that_Native_Americans_
9、were_living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。句型3：This/That is why.为why引导的表语从句，意为“这/那就是的原因”That_is_why_today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。句型4：It is believed that.人们认为It_is_bel
10、ieved_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显的、主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1(2018全国卷)Forms will be availab
11、le in school and online for them to indicate(显示) their choices and return to school.2It was really thoughtful(体贴的) of you to remember my birthday and arrange a party.3Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired(雇用) to make the images.4Anyone who goe
12、s abroad will accept security check at the customs(海关)5In the meantime, mobile online shopping market was booming(繁荣) in China, with an annual growth rate of 63.5%.6Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere (无处) else in the world can you find more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.7(20
13、19江苏卷)Despite(尽管) their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics.8Furthermore, punishment(punish) is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.语境品词写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1(2018全国卷阅读B)Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8
14、 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. 急速发展的2(2018全国卷语法填空) A taste for meat is actually behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.牛3(2017全国卷阅读C) Mann said Terrafugia was
15、helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.飞机；飞行器4(2017江苏卷阅读A) CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the cre
16、ation of the internet.迷人的；吸引人的5(全国卷阅读D)However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. 权威；权力.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find
17、it difficult to find a good job.(majority)2Donald Trump won the election and was elected president of the United States.(elect)3All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th. (apply)4Apparently,_she took no notice of the app
18、arent mistakes in the accident.(apparent).选词成篇live on; by means of; make a life; date back to; keep up; apply for; a great/good manyAs we all know, the Chinese immigration into cities 1.dates_back_to 1980s. It is reported that 2.a_good_many farmers from the the countryside crowd into cities to suppo
19、rt their family. After their arrival, the majority of them can 3.make_a_life in cities despite great hardship. Some even have 4.applied_for the right to live in cities and enjoy the same right as the local people, and others 5.keep_up their local customs to 6.live_on. In addition, not only have they
20、 made great contributions to the boom of the cities 7._by_means_of_working hard but also live a happy life there. It occurs to me that it is the millions of laboring people who have made and are still making Chinese history.完成句子1有可能我们的父母能更好地理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。It_is_likely_that our parents can understan
21、d us better and give us some reasonable advice. 2(2019江苏卷书面表达)这就是在这样的场合穿校服比穿传统的中国服装更好的原因。Thats_why the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.3人们认为不吃早饭的青少年不仅容易在课堂上睡觉而且也不能专心听课，这自然会导致他们在考试中的成绩不好。It_is_believed_that_teenagers_without_having_breakfast
22、_will_not_only_fall_asleep_easily_in_class,_but concentrate less on lessons, which of course results in their bad performance in exam.4这幅画使我想起了我在那个村子里的经历。The picture reminded me of_what_I_had_experienced_in_the_village meansn手段；方法基础练习单句语法填空/完成句子Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing
23、 parttime jobs.Every possible means has_been_tried(try), but none has worked.All possible means have_been_tried(try), but none has worked.(2019江苏卷书面表达)Besides，the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means(mean) extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event.Students s
24、ometimes support themselves by_means_of_doing_parttime_jobs(通过做兼职工作)能力提升微写作(2018全国卷书面表达)你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。And youd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which_is_also_a_means_of_showing_your_good_table_manners (1)by this means通过这种方法by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以 by no
25、 means决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)(2)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具(3)mean v. 意味着；意思是佳句背诵 I wish that you could grasp this opportunity，which is a means of learning traditional Chinese culture further.我希望你能抓住这个机会，这是进一步学习中国传统文化的一种途径。(2017全国卷书面表达)名师点津 means是单复数同形的名词，其谓语动词的数取决于means 前的修饰语。 majorityn大多数；大半
26、基础练习单句语法填空With the prices going up, the majority of people find(find) it hard to live on the amount of money they get.The majority were/was(be) on the Englands team, which greatly disappointed them.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)When it comes to education, most people believe that it is a lifetime study.(高级表达)When i
27、t comes to education, the_majority_of people believe that it is a lifetime study. (1)a/the majority of.大多数be in the majority 占大多数(2)major n& v. 专业；主修major in. 主修(3)minority n. 少数be in the minority 占少数佳句背诵 When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the maj
28、ority.当我有不同的意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。 electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人基础练习单句语法填空The government is made up of men and women elected(elect) by the people of the country.If I am lucky enough to win the election(elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students afterclass activities.能力提升完成句子据说只有两名学生将被选出来去参加
29、即将到来的英语演讲比赛。It is said that only two students will_be_elected_to_take_part_in the coming English speech contest. (1)elect sb.(as/to be)职位Sb. be elected职位(职位前无冠词)(2)elect to do.选择/决定做(3)election n. 选举佳句背诵 Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teac
30、her.此外，我的英语很好以至于我当选为我英语老师的助理。 occurvi.发生；出现基础练习单句语法填空(2018天津卷)The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs(occur)It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.能力提升完成句子我突然想起我应该彻底打扫房间。It_hit/struck/occu
31、rred_to_me_that_ I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning.sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that. 某人突然想起It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。 佳句背诵 Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurred to you.除了精彩的创新，你还需要提交一份报告，解释你
32、是如何想到这个主意的。 indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示基础练习单句语法填空There is a great deal of evidence indicating(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.The way a person is dressed in is a good indication(indicate) of his/her character or personality.能力提升完成句子正如图画中显示，一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。As_is_indicated_
33、in_the_picture,_a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading. (1)indicate sth.(to sb.)(向某人)指出/ 暗示某事indicate that/whclause 表示；示意(2)indication n. 迹象；标示； 预兆；暗示 佳句背诵 Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep.先前的研究也表明，牛奶有助于睡眠。 make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；创造生活 基础
34、练习单句语法填空She has been looking for parttime babysitting jobs these days to_make(make) a living.After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to bring the village back to life.能力提升一句多译在接下来的三年，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性，你要努力适应新的生活方式。In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you wil
35、l try to adapt_to_your_new_life(adapt)In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to make_a_life_for_yourself(life) (1)make/earn a/ones living谋生(2)live/lead a(n) .life 过着生活come (back) to life 苏醒；变得活跃； 恢复生气bring.back to life 使苏醒过来；给活力 佳句背诵 It is honorable to make a
36、 life with your hands while depending on others is a shame. 用自己的双手创造生活是光荣的，而依靠别人是可耻的。 take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留一词多义写出下列句中take in的含义(四川卷)The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.吸收Dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
37、欺骗Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解I managed to rent a house big enough to take in people.收留The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括take off脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；突然成功take on 呈现；雇用；承担take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)take over
38、接收；接管；接任；取代佳句背诵 I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will help you better take in the poems to be learned.我建议你提前了解唐代的历史，这会帮助你更好地理解你要学的诗歌。(2017全国卷书面表达) This/That is why.为why引导的表语从句，意为“这/那就是的原因”(教材P2)That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first
39、 or second language.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。基础练习单句语法填空(全国卷)However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.He didnt attend the meeting.Thats because he had an urgent thing to deal with.能力提升微写作(2018全国卷书面表达)我们选择这部电影的原因是，它代表了我们亲爱的学校的发展，不仅有趣而且有意义。The_re
40、ason_why_we_choose_this_movie_is_that it represents the development of our beloved school, which is not only interesting but also meaningful. (1)this/that is because .这/那是因为(2)this is the reason why. 这就是的原因(3)the reason why.is that. 的原因是(why引导定语从句) 佳句背诵 I have a good command of English and am easy t
41、o get along with. Thats why Im writing to apply for the job.我英语很好，很容易相处。这就是我写信申请这份工作的原因。(2018浙江卷6月应用文写作) It is believed that.人们认为(教材P3)It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of man
42、y races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显的、主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。基础练习单句语法填空It_is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.She is believed to_be(be) one of the best tennis players of China.能力提升句型转换It is believed that education is the most important issue f
43、acing the government.Education is_believed_to_be the most important issue facing the government. (1)类似结构还有：It is said/thought/reported/hoped/agreed/proved that.据说/大家认为/据报道/大家希望/据同意/据证实(2)以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式：Sb./Sth.bebelieved/said/thought/reported to do sth.(hope除外)People/Sb.believe/say/think/reportth
44、at. 佳句背诵 It is said that the retired old man has taken in many homeless children. 据说这位退休老人收养了许多无家可归的孩子。.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1Great changes have taken place since our country reformed(reform) and opened to the outside world 40 years ago.2On his arrival(arrive) in Beijing, he gave his mother a ca
45、ll at once.3With the tourist trade booming(boom), the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature.4Apparently(apparent), we cant stress enough the importance of protecting the environment.5Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment(punish)6The maj
46、ority of the interviewees prefer(prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.7We didnt know how he would react to those events occurring(occur) in the neighbourhood.8On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful(thank) forgood health, good friends and
47、good outcomes.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1He is addicted to computer games; thats why he has to drop out of school.2She had looked everywhere for her children, but they were nowhere to_be_found(find), which made her very worried.3Its said that nonsmokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco
48、 smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves.4In many countries, young people still keep_up the tradition that women will get married in a long white dress.5Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, applying_for a job in the company.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)1Im sorry I missed your birthday; its comple
49、tely slipped my mind.v.忘记2They failed to grasp the full meaning of the managers words.v.理解3Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this！v.权衡；斟酌提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)Ma Xianfu 1.was_elected(elect) as head of township in 1987. To lead the villagers to get rich, he even had ha
50、ir 2.shaved(shave) off to show his determination. He was one of those who first 3.grasped(grasp) the countrys policy of opening up to the outside world. By 4.reforming(reform) the management system, the local companies were 5.booming(boom). Unfortunately, an accident 6.occurred(occur)One day, he 7.s
51、lipped(slip) on the icy road, and then a car ran him over. People from all sides gathered 8.to_mourn(mourn) the outstanding leader. After his death, many companies began to slide, 9. hiring(hire) fewer and fewer workers. The story 10.indicates(indicate) that a good leader plays a vital role in local
52、 economic development. 提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假设你是李华，你们班计划去云台山游玩，请你写信邀请朋友Tom一起游玩。内容包括：提出邀请；交通方式、集合地点、出发时间和费用安排；表达愿望。1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)我们班大多数同学选择本周六去云台山游玩，我想邀请你和我们一起。As_the_majority_of_our_class_elect_to_visit_Yuntai_Mountain this Saturday, Id like to invite you to join us.我们想到我们可以一起租车去那里，这显然
53、能节省很多钱。It_occurs_to_us_that_we_can_team_up_to_hire_a_bus_to_go_there. That can_apparently_save_us_much_money我们7：00在校门口集合，7：20出发。We_will_meet_at_our_school_gate_at_7：00_and_set_off_at_7：20.周六早上，我们攀登茱萸峰，下午游玩红岩谷，晚上玩游戏。On Saturday morning well_climb Zhuyu Peak. Wed like to travel through Red Rock Valley
54、 that afternoon and play_games_at_night周日早上看完瀑布之后我们返程。After_seeing_the_waterfall on Sunday morning, well return.全部花费包括公交车费、门票和住宿，因此我想确认多少学生参加。The_total_cost_takes_in_bus_fares,_entrance_tickets_and_accommodation，so I want to make sure how many students will participate.如果你能告诉我你是否能去我将很感激。I_would_be_t
55、hankful_if_you_could_tell_me_whether_youd_like_to_go_or_not.2升级平淡句用非限制性定语从句升级句It_occurs_to_us_that_we_can_team_up_to_hire_a_bus_to_go_there,_which_can_apparently_save_us_much_money.3衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first, then, finally)_One possible version：Dear Tom，How is it going? As the majority of our class
56、elect to visit Yuntai Mountain this Saturday, Id like to invite you to join us.It occurs to us that we can team up to hire a bus to go there, which can apparently save us much money. We will meet at our school gate at 7：00 and set off at 7：20. First, on Saturday morning well climb Zhuyu Peak. Then,
57、wed like to travel through Red Rock Valley that afternoon and play games at night. Finally, after seeing the waterfall on Sunday morning, well return. The total cost takes in bus fares, entrance tickets and accommodation, so I want to make sure how many students will participate.I would be thankful
58、if you could tell me whether youd like to go or not.Yours，Li Hua (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2020杭州高三模拟)In a longsleeved shirt and jeans, Dieudonne Twahirwa looks nothing like the traditional African farmer. The 30yearold owner of Gashora Farm knows what a difference that makes.“You need more role models，” he
59、 said, standing among kneehigh rows of chilli(辣椒) plants. “If you have young farmers, having land and driving to the farm, others may think, Why cant I do that？”Mr. Twahirwa, a university graduate, bought a friends tomato farm six years ago for $150. He made $1，500 back in two months. “You have to l
60、ink farming with entrepreneurship and real numbers，” he said.Many young Africans are abandoning areas in the countryside, choosing not to work hard and for a long time in the fieldsa job made tougher by climate change.But Twahirwa is one of the growing band of successful farmers working to make agri
61、cultures image on the continent more attractive. Some 1，000 farmers now produce chillies for him. He is starting a fourth farm of his own, and exports fresh and dried chillies and oil to Britain, the United States, India, and Kenya.Africa has the worlds youngest population and 65 percent of its uncu
62、ltivated arable land(耕地后备资源). Yet accessing land and loans is difficult, and African productivity is low with crop yields just 56 percent of the international average.“Agriculture is mainly associated with suffering and no young person wants to suffer，” said Tamara Kaunda. She believes African agric
63、ulture needs a change to get rid of its oldfashioned image of very hard and tiring work with a hoe. “Show young people tractors, green fields, nice irrigation systems and smartphones，” she said.Getting young people involved in agriculture does not mean they have to work on a farm. For example, in co
64、ffee production, the beans go from the farm to the washing station, then to be separated from the husks(外壳)【解题导语】非洲青年Dieudonne Twahirwa从事农业生产，他通过自己的努力，获得了巨大的回报；非洲有世界上最年轻的人群与大量的耕地后备资源，但是由于气候与农业技术的落后，很多年轻人都不愿意从事农业；Dieudonne Twahirwa则为非洲青年树立了榜样。1What does “Why cant I do that？” in paragraph 2 mean?AWhy
65、cant I drive to the farm?BWhy cant they farm?CThey follow the example of those farmers.DThey bought a friends tomato farm.C解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的“If you have young farmers, having land and driving to the farm, others may think, Why cant I do that？”可知，此处表示如果你有年轻的农民，他们有土地，而且开车去农场，其他人可能会想：“为什么我不能那样做？”该句意在表明其
66、他人认为他们可以效仿那些农民的做法。故选C。2What makes it harder for farmers to work?APoor land.BClimate change.CLow income. DLong working hours.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Many young Africans are abandoning areas in the countryside.a job made tougher by climate change.”可知，在非洲，让农民的劳动难度更大的原因是气候变化。故选B。3When it comes to agriculture in
67、 Africa, what do people think about it?ALoans are difficult.BMost land is uncultivated.CCrop yields are rather low.DFarming methods are out of date.D解析：推理判断题。根据第七段中的“African agriculture needs a change to get rid of its oldfashioned image of very hard and tiring work with a hoe”可知，非洲农业需要改变，以摆脱其传统的形象：
68、使用锄头的非常辛苦和累人的工作。由此可知，当谈及非洲的农业时，人们想到的是落后的耕作方法。故选D。A、B、C三项均为非洲农业的实际情况，不是人们对其的看法。B(2020绍兴高三调研)The United States Congress is responsible for making and approving federal lawsrules that everyone in the country must follow. But exactly how do those laws get made? The process is not easy, and it takes a lo
69、ng time.A law begins when someone puts forward an idea. The idea can come from anyone, but it has to get to a US lawmaker who wants it to become legislation(法律). In time, the idea is further developed into a written proposal, called a bill.Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill. Aft
70、er the bill is introduced, it is sent to a small group of lawmakers, called a “committee”. Sometimes committee members seek more information about the proposal by holding hearings. Sometimes the committee changes the bill. Sometimes it decides not to take any action. In that case, we say lawmakers “
71、table” the bill, or let it “die in the committee”But now and then, the bill is offered to lawmakers not on the committee. Those lawmakers debate the bill further. They might change the bill again. Finally, the full House or Senate votes on the bill. If it does not earn the majority of votes, the bil
72、l does not advance.Finally, the agreedupon bill is sent to the president. If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law. If the president does nothing and Congress is officially meeting, the bill becomes a law. But if the president does nothing and Congress is not in session, the bill does not p
73、ass. Or the president can officially reject the bill. If that happens, the bill is not stopped. Instead, it is returned to both the Senate and the House. If twothirds of the senators and twothirds of the House members approve the bill once again, even with the president objecting, they turn the bill
74、 into a law.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了美国法律的制定过程。4Who is the first to propose a bill?AA lawyer.BA citizen.CA member of Congress. DA committee member.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill.”可知，第一个提出议案的人是国会成员。故选C。5When does a bill finally become a law?AAfter it is sent to a commit
75、tee.BWhen the president signs it.CAfter it returns to the Congress.DWhile Congress is not in session.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law.”可知，如果总统签署了一致同意的议案，那么该议案就成了一项法律。6What can be inferred from the text?ANot every bill can be turned into a law.BAnybody can put forw
76、ard a proposal.CIf “tabled”， the bill has to be voted on.DOnce proposed, the bill cant be changed.A解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是最后三段的内容可知，一项议案最终变成法律需要走很多程序，在这些程序中议案有可能被搁置或被否决，由此可推知，并不是每一项议案都会变成法律。.完形填空Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria, I looked around, slowly taking in everything. For the first ti
77、me in my life, I _1_ that I had been seeing without really seeing for the past two years.Student after student passed my _2_ carrying that days lunch, but if you looked deeper, there was more to _3_. There was more than just the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had styled their_4_ that day
78、. There was a lot more hidden under the _5_Catching the eyes of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table, I _6_ politely. She smiled _7_ and then continued to pick at the spaghetti in front of her. If I hadnt _8_ recently that her mother was dying of leukemia, I would have never _9_ anything was
79、 wrong and I may not have been as_10_ and sympathetic, either. It suddenly _11_ me that we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story. I realized that everyone may have something _12_ they are facing in their lives.I have an incurable lung disease. No one at our school knowsI dont show
80、 any noticeable _13_ except for a few coughs here and there. I go about my day like any other kid, _14_ with the realization that I have a _15_ and terrifying future.Before that day when I decided to _16_ the world with a new perspective, I _17_ myself almost every day. I thought only about myself a
81、nd my heavy _18_. But Ive now realized that I am not the only one _19_： Everyone has their own mountain to face. No one is _20_we just need to accept the way we are.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了作者观察生活而进行反思的故事，启迪读者要正确看待生活中的不幸。1A.promisedBrealizedCpretended DjokedB解析：根据上文中的“I looked around, slowly taking i
82、n everything”及“For the first time in my life”可知，作者意识到(realized)了些什么，故选B。2A.order BroomCtable DcafeteriaC解析：空处与上文中的“Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria”呼应，可知此处指的是学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌(table)，故选C。3A.observe BimagineCcompare DexchangeA解析：空处与上文中的“but if you looked deeper”呼应，可知此处表示作者认为有更多有待观察(observe)的东西。4A
83、.diet BclothingCbicycle DhairD解析：空处根据上文中的“the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had styled their”可知，此处表示学生们的发型，故选D。5A.surface BuniformCrules DcircumstancesA解析：根据常识可知，学生的制服和发型都是外在的(surface)东西，且空处与下文中的“we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story”呼应，故选A。6A.said BmovedCwaved Dbo
84、wedC解析：根据下文中的“She smiled”可知，作者给一个女孩打了招呼(waved)，对方以微笑回应。7A.casually BweaklyChappily DimpatientlyB解析：空处与下文“her mother was dying of leukemia”呼应，可知女孩因为母亲病重而勉强地(weakly)对作者笑了笑。8A.found BnoticedCheard DdecidedC解析：根据语境可知，作者听说(heard)了这个女孩家里的不幸。9A.suspected BrememberedCpredicted DregrettedA解析：根据语境可知，作者本不会觉得(s
85、uspected)有什么不正常的。10A.outstanding BwillingCdemanding DunderstandingD解析：空处与下文中的“sympathetic”呼应，可知作者对对方表示谅解(understanding)和同情，故选D。11A.escaped BsatisfiedChit DattractedC解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者突然意识到，我们会在不知道整个故事的情况下迅速对其他人作出评价，故选C。hit意为“使突然意识到”。12A.extra BvaluableCcommon DtoughD解析：根据语境可知，在生活中每个人都可能会面临困境。故选D。13A.s
86、ymptoms BdiseasesCcomplaints DweaknessesA解析：根据语境及下文中的“except for a few coughs”可知，此处指的是一些不为人注意的症状(symptoms)。14A.and BbutCor DsoB解析：根据语境可知，前后两句是逻辑上的转折关系，故选B。15A.bright BdarkCreal DseriousB解析：空处与下文中的“terrifying”呼应，此处表示因为难以治愈的疾病，作者认为自己的前途变得黑暗(dark)和可怕，故选B。16A.change BcreateCview Dtolerate C解析：根据上文中的“loo
87、ked around”和“looked deeper”可知，作者一直在观察生活，而在那天之后作者以一种新角度看待(view)世界，故选C。17A.pitied BforgaveCchallenged DencouragedA解析：根据语境及下文中的“I thought only about myself and my heavy _”可知，作者曾经因为自己的病而怜悯(pitied)自己，故选A。18A.debt BrewardCburden DworkloadC解析：根据语境及空前的“heavy”可知，不可治愈的病是作者沉重的负担(burden)，故选C。19A.blessed BfavoredClaughing DsufferingD解析：根据下文中的“Everyone has their own mountain to face”可知，每个人都有他们要经历(suffering)的困境，故选D。20A.changeable BperfectCunique DdifferentB解析：根据语境可知，每个人都不完美(perfect)，都有自己要应对的困境，我们只是需要接受自己原本的样子，故选B。