1、高考英语一轮复习被动语态（附答案）I. 考点分析 一、被动语态的形式被动语态是非常重要的考点。并且我们发现与被动语态有关的考题每次都有2到3题。 首先我们要了解被动语态的基本形式。一般现在时 be done 现在进行时 be being done一般过去时 was/were done过去进行时 was/were being done现在完成时 have/has been done过去完成时 had done一般将来时 will be done将来过去时 would/should be done将来完成时 will have been done过去将来完成时 would/should have
2、been donegoing to结构 going to be donebe to be to be done情态动词 情态动词+be done不定式 to be done to have been done 二、被动语态在下列情况下可以使用：1. 只有及物动词或不及物动词+前置词才能用被动态结构；单独的不及物动词不能使用。A great battle was fought. The babies were looked after by the nurse.2. 当不知到动作的发出者，或不容易指出动作的发出者时，可用被动语态。The window is broken. The chemica
3、l works is equipped with sophisticated machines. The audience is requested to keep silence.3. 当我们对动作的接受者比动作的发出者更感性趣时，可用被动语态。The five-year plan has been drawn up. Comrade Li was elected chairman.4. 由于某种特殊的原因(如说话技巧、说话者的感情等)，故意回避行为的发出者时，可用被动语态。 Any suggestions will be heartily appreciated. It is believ
4、ed that there are about four million workers unemployed the U.S.A each year. 5. 当谈及疾病时，可用被动结构。His left lung is affected. She is confined to the room by illness. Tom was seized with sudden chest pain. 6. 当由于工作或其它原因过度疲劳时，可用被动结构。He was completely exhausted after a long walk. I was almost fagged out. Sh
5、e was knocked up after the long steep climb.7. 由于兴奋或激动时，可用被动结构表示。Jane was delighted to hear the news of your success. I am very pleased to see you here. She was enchanted with the flowers you sent her.8. 当由于受阻或某种原因延迟或耽搁时，可用被动语态结构。We have been held up by fog. The mountain roads were obstructed by fal
6、ls of rock.The train was delayed 2 hours. The harbour was blocked by ice.9. 当涉及个人习惯时，可用被动态结构。He is quite used to hard work. This is not the kind of treatment I am accustomed to.He is addicted to smoking.10当涉及烦恼时，可用被动结构He was annoyed to learn that the train would be delayed.She is easily upset emotio
7、nally. He was vexed at his failure.He was disturbed to hear of your illness. 11表示惊讶时，可用被动态结构。I was astonished to see him there. I am surprised he didnt come. He was shocked to hear his daughter swearing.He was startled to see her looking so ill.12当涉及被围困、被（栅栏）隔开、拦开时，可用被动态结构。His land is fenced with ba
8、rbed wire.The troops were surrounded. Troy was besieged by the Greeks for 10 years.Japan is compassed about by the ocean.13当涉及污染、弄脏等意思时，可用被动态结构。His reputation is tarnished.My car was mired.Your fingers are stained with ink. 14当涉及与混淆有关的意思时，可用被动结构。I was confused t o hear that. He was puzzled what to d
9、o next.Tom was bewildered by the examination questions. They asked so many questions that I got confused.三、被动语态注意要点：1. 主动语态的主语是people, they, we, you, one, someone, no one等，如泛指一般人，则改为被动语态时，常常被省略。They speak Portuguese in Brazil. Portuguese is spoken in Brazil. You should observe this law. This law sho
10、uld be observed. 2. 不及物动词+介词的动词短语， 改为被动语态时，介词不可省略。Mary laughed at his plan. His plan was laughed at by Mary. I looked down upon them . They are looked down upon by me. 3. 及物动词有两个宾语时，可改为两种被动语态。They offered her a post in the Cabinet. She was offered a post in the Cabinet. A post in the Cabinet was off
11、ered her.4. 有些动词以被动语态表主动意义，其后不用by，而用at, in, with, about ,to 等介词。I am worried about this . This worries me. John is interested in history. History interests John. Her plan was known to everyone. Everyone knew her plan.5. 祈使句的被动语态：肯定祈使句 主动语态：V+O 被动语态：Let + O + be + 过去分词 Bring the man here . let the ma
12、n be brought here. 否定祈使句 主动语态：Dont + V + O 被动语态：Dont let + O +be +过去分词 Dont forget to bring the cases. Dont let it be forgotten to bring the cases.6. 疑问句改为被动语态。Who broke the window ? By whom was the window broken?Did anyone hear Mike leave the classroom?Was Mike heard to leave the classroom?7. 感官动词或
13、使役动词+宾语+原形动词，改为被动语态时，其后的原形动词改为不定式。We saw Tom enter the room. Tom was seen to enter the room by us. 8. 有宾语补语的句子改为被动语态时，补语放在动词之后。Everyone expected Emily to marry Mark. Emily was expected by everyone to marry Mark.II. 练习：1.That tree looked as if _ for a long time. A) hasnt watered B) didnt water C) had
14、nt been watered D) wasnt watered 2. After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D) having interviewed 3. Mr. Johnson preferred _ heavier work to do.A) to be given B) to be giving C) to have given D) having given 4. The grey bu
15、ilding is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _ . A) are producing B) are produced C) produced D) being produced 5. It is not unusual for workers in that region _.A) to be paid more than a month late B) to be paid later than more a monthC) to pay later than a month mor
16、e D) to pay late more than a month 6. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.A) scolding B) to scold C) having scolded D) scolded 7. o be frank, Id rather you _ in the case.A) will not be involved B) not involved C) not to be involved D) were not involved 8. Mark often attempts to escape _ w
17、henever he breaks traffic regulations. A) having been fined B) to be fined C) to have been fined D) being fined 9. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. A) is not started B) will not be started C) not be started D) is not to be started 10. The fifth generati
18、on computers , which artificial intelligence, _ and perfected now. A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed 11. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 12.The r
19、oom is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A) cant have been B) shouldnt have been C) mustnt have been D) wouldnt have been 13. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D
20、) are challenging 14. It is vital that enough money _ to fund the project. A) be collected B) must be collected C) is collected D) can be collected 15. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _. A) ought to be said B) must say C) have to be said D) need to say 16
21、. I dont think it advisable that Tim _ to the job since he has no experience. A) is assigned B) will be assigned C) be assigned D) has been assigned 17. Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _ . A) has been accepted B) have been accepted C) was accepted D) were ac
22、cepted 18. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. A) be put off B) was put off C) should put off D) is to put off 19. All flights _ because the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A) had been canceled B) have been canceled C) were canceled D) having been canc
23、eled 20. If the operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A) was not planned B) has not been planned C) were not planned D) had not been planned 21. As Commander-in-chief on the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense. A) be taken B) would
24、 be taken C) to be taken D) had been taken 22. The project _ by the end of 2000, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A)being accomplished B) to be accomplished C) accomplished D) having been accomplished 23. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _.
25、 A) appealed B)appreciated C) applied D)approved 24. It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible. A)must be sent B) will be sent C)be sent D) are sent 25. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A)robbed B)to have been robbed C) being r
26、obbed D)having been robbed III. 答案及详解1. C) 题意：那棵树看上去似乎很长时间没给浇水了。解析：本题中主句的谓语动词是过去时，而且从句的谓语动词所示动作发生在主句动作之前，因此从句中的谓语动词必须用过去完成时。由于树是浇水动作的承受物，所以只能选择过去完成时的被动形式。2. A) 题意：在你求职面试之后，还要参加一次语言测试。解析：在介词after后面应当用动名词。句子的主语是you，因此 应当用被动形式。3. A) 题意：约翰逊先生宁可有更重的活干。解析：动词prefer后接名词，动名词或动词不定式，表示宁可，更喜欢。由题意可知，此处应用被动语态。因此选
27、A。4. B) 题意：这幢灰色的建筑是工人们居住的地方，而那幢白色的建筑是机器零件的生产地。解析：从句中spare parts和produce是被动关系，因此只能选B5. A) 题意：那个地方的工人经常一个多月后才能拿到工资。解析：由于workers和pay之间是被动关系，只能选A）。6. D) 题意：当被责骂时， Michael总是显得既伤心又惊讶。解析：Michael与scold之间是被动关系，只有 D） 正确。7. D) 题意：坦白地说，我宁愿你没有被卷入这个案子。解析：Would rather 后要用虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的假设。因此选D)。8. D) 题意：每当马克违反交通规则时
28、，他常常企图逃避罚款处分。解析：escape后接名词或动名词，不能接动词不定式。马克是罚款动作的承受者，因此选D。9. C) 题意：建议在一切准备工作做好后再开始这一项目。解析：在demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, suggest等的动词后， 宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即动词原形。本题的结构是it is +这类动词的被动语态+that 从句，that引导的是主语从句，这种主语从句中的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气，即动词原形或should +动词原形。项目不是动作的发出者，只能选C。10. C) 题意：具有人工智
29、能的第五代计算机目前正在开发和完善中。解析：句中develop和perfect是并列的两个谓语动词，动词perfect在句中用被动语态，与之并列作谓语的动词develop也应是被动语态。故只C)有正确。11.D) 题意：78岁的丹尼斯爵士声明他将把他的许多收藏品留给国家。解析：从句中collection和leave的关系可知，此处应为不定式的被动语态。12. A) 题意：这个房间杂乱不堪，可能还未清扫过。解析：由前一分句可知后应为一表示与之相反意思的猜测的句子。因此选A。13. C) 题意：虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解今天受到了挑战，并且为现代科学家的工作所修正。 解析：challe
30、nge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。14. A) 题意：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。解析：在it is important that, it is necessary that，之类句子结构中，that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气，即用动词原形或should +动词原形。money和collect之间是被动关系，因此选A。15. A) 题意：作为教师，我们关心的应该是学生说了什么，而不是我们自认为的学生应当说什么。解析：What is said和what we think一样都是with后面由what引出的名词性从句。在
31、前一从句中，what是主语，is said是动词的被动语态作谓语；在后一从句中what也是作语，谓语同样也用被动语态。16. C) 题意：汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。解析：在it is necessary/important/advisable that 的句型中，that引导的主语从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气，即用动词原形或should +动词原形。汤姆被指派做工作，因此选C。17. C) 题意：在向这所求职的年轻人中，没有一人被录用。解析：Neither of结构，做主语必须用谓语动词的单数形式。18. A) 题意：我们都同意你将讨论会推迟的建议。解析：proposal 要
32、求从句中的谓语用(should) +动词原形。因此只有A)正确。19. D) 题意：所有的航班都因暴风雪而被取消了， 许多乘客只能搭乘火车。解析：flights和cancel之间是被动关系，因此选D)。此处逻辑主语+having 用作独立结构表原因。20. D) 题意：如果事先没有计划好这个活动，那就会损失大量的时间和金钱。解析：主句用了过去完成时， 因此从句应用had done; 又因是被动语态，因此选D)。21. A) 题意：作为军队的总司令，我命令采取一切措施来保卫国家。解析：direct后的宾语从句中应用虚拟语气，即(should) +动词原形。22. B) 题意：于2000年底完成的这个项目将会使这个城市的电话网扩大到能容纳1，000，000名用户。 解析：此处动词不定式表将来，因此选B)。23. B) 题意：我们非常喜欢这些作为礼物而送给我们的珍贵书籍。解析：由于题干为被动语态，所以不能单用appealed， 必须用appealed to 。 因此选B)。24. C) 题意：尽快寄回申请表是非常重要的。解析：Essential后的主语从句应用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。25. B) 题意：据当地报纸报道，昨天这家银行竟在大白天遭到抢劫。解析：在报道时，银行已被抢。因此只有B)正确。