1、高三一轮复习短文改错讲与练热点考向短文改错中的一致性原则所涉及的内容包括：主谓一致性原则、时态一致性原则、代词指代一致性原则。热点1主谓一致性原则(1)把握好名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致性。(2)注意当名词性从句、动名词(短语)或不定式(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词多用单数。(3)重视主语后跟的连接词。(4)注意某些限定词修饰的名词作主语时的主谓一致性。热点2时态一致性原则(1)多个谓语动词并列时，其时态必须保持一致。(2)主从复合句的时态一致性：在状语从句中，大多数情况下主从句前后的时态要保持一致；但在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句为将来时态时，从句用现在时表将来。在宾语从句中，如果主
2、句的谓语动词用现在时或将来时，则从句的谓语动词可用任何时态；若主句谓语动词用过去时，则从句中的谓语动词也要用相应的某种过去时态，但从句所表述的内容是普遍存在的客观真理时，从句仍用现在时。热点3代词指代一致性原则要注意上下文中的代词指代应前后一致，若前面是the woman，则其后的代词就是she，her，hers等。解题原则在解答短文改错题时，考生要遵循以下原则：(1)保持原意原则短文改错只是要求考生对其中的用词错误和句法错误进行修改和更正，而不是改变文章或者作者所表达的意思、语气和上下文逻辑关系，也不用调整句子顺序和结构等。(2)改动最少原则做短文改错题时每处错误只能在一个词上进行改动。通常
3、有：在错词下画线并在其下面写出正确的词；将多余的词划掉；在缺词处画个漏字符号并在其下面写出要加的词。(3)改动实词、添加或删除虚词原则根据近几年高考分析，对实词的处理一般为改变形式而不是改变其词义，也不能改用另一个实词，更不能随意增减；而添加或删除的多半是冠词、介词、关系词等。(4)简洁规范原则考生必须使用规定符号去答题，而不能用文字去表达。有时有些考生不仅答题不规范，没有把错误的改成正确的，而且把正确的反而给改错了，这样就不能得分。解题步骤步骤1抓住主线，确定时态通读语篇、抓住主线、贯穿全文是顺利完成短文改错的关键所在。动词是语句的核心，确定基本时态、前后比对是解决动词问题的法宝。一篇短文的
4、基本时态若确定了，要确定动词的相关形式也就有章可循了。步骤2整句理解，分行斟酌短文改错的命题形式一般是给出一篇短文，文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。也就是说，短文改错是以“句”为阅读单位的。这就要求考生在解题时以句子为基础，在全面理解上下文的同时，又要在每一句中仔细斟酌，判断正误。步骤3前后贯通，复读检查有的错误比较隐蔽，只靠一遍阅读是很难发现的，这时必须做到前后贯通，复读检查，考生要根据平时所积累的词汇、语法和惯用法知识及语感，检查修改后的文章是否通顺。在复读过程中，既要重视词汇、句子的字面含义，又要弄清上下文的内在逻辑。步骤4规范解答，注意细节在短文改错答题过程中，考生应严格按照试题
5、要求进行规范答题。如“ ”、“”、“”分别代表错词标记、缺词标记以及多词删除标记。另外，错词、缺词时答案均要求写在正下方，避免过失性失分。解题技巧1坚持三个原则、做到三个不改(1)三个原则：虚词以添加或删除为原则；实词以改变词形为原则；以保持句子原意为原则；(2)三个不改：专有名词不改；大小写不改；单词的拼写形式不改。2依据错误类型识别和改正错误短文改错的错误类型无非是三种，即多词、缺词和错词三种类型，解题时应特别留意文中细节信息，准确理解句子意义，充分利用错误类型帮助自己识别和改正错误。3利用一致原则识别和改正错误短文改错往往会考查上下文或前后句子在时态、人称、主谓，以及代词的指代、名词单复
6、数等方面是否一致。因而利用一致原则，可以帮助考生快速识别和改正文中错误。4通过分析句子成分和结构识别和改正错误考生往往受汉语思维影响，即只考虑句意而忽视句子成分对所使用词性的影响。因而，改错时应善于分析句子，尤其注意修饰性词语在句中的作用，从而帮助自己找出并改正错误。5利用固定搭配识别和改正错误短文改错对固定搭配的考查类型涉及多词、缺词和错词三类，主要涉及介词的固定搭配，固定搭配中冠词的使用，以及动词与介词或副词的搭配，形容词与介词的搭配等。改错时应着重观察固定搭配中冠词、介词及副词的使用是否正确，或者是否有多词或缺词现象。6通过分析逻辑关系识别和改正错误改错时要力求把握全文主旨大意和时态基调
7、，准确理解前后句之间的逻辑关系，同时应注意平行结构及主语与动词之间的逻辑关系。7通过判断谓语还是非谓语识别和改正错误短文改错中常把谓语动词误用作非谓语动词，或把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词，因此在解题时要特别留意一个句子中有多个动词出现的情况，判定是否其中一个应为非谓语形式。8通过判断从句类型识别和改正错误短文改错对于连词的考查主要涉及句子之间的逻辑关系以及复合句中连词的使用，改错时应准确理解句意，以及主、从句之间的逻辑关系，从而确定答案。此类错误往往涉及多词、缺词和错词三个类型。过关检测1(2018中原名校联考)There is no denying that mobile phones are
8、 playing an importantly role in our daily life.However，the phenomenon people are too addicted in their mobile phones is becoming more and more popular.Mobile phone addicts cant help check their mobile phones all day，even when they are walking on the road.As the result，their communication with people
9、 around them becomes less and less.Besides，their healthy is greatly affected.Many are suffered from neck pains，for example.In my opinion，it is time we throw away our mobile phones and raised our heads up.We should spend less time communicating with our family and friends face to face.2(2018广东茂名综合考试)
10、Dear David，Im more than pleasing to know that you are learning Chinese.Id like to recommend to you.Its a good website for nonChinese speakers which are learning Chinese，especially for beginner.Firstly，it provided you with a variety of online courses，such as Chinese idioms，dialogues and customs.Throu
11、gh this courses，you will have a good understanding of the Chinese language as well as its culture.Beside，it will help you learn the Chinese in interesting and effective ways.Here you can learn to sing some Chinese songs，enjoying Tang poems and watch Chinese movies.More importantly，there are teachers
12、 online whom you can turn to help.And all this is free of charge.I hope you will find this website attractively and helpful.跟踪训练Error! Reference source not found.1(2018福建龙岩期末)It was warm and sunny，so we decide to go for a swim.When I reached to the beach，my friends were already there.The sea was per
13、fect，appearing as smoothly as a mirror.I felt quite pleased with it，and my friends were a little disappointing as they liked huge waves.When we got hungry and thirsty，we bought some hotdog and drinks from a nearby shop.After that，we became energetic enough for a football game.It surprised all was th
14、at my team won game.Then we relaxed for a while，sleep on the beach.At about half past four，we packed up my things and went home.We really had fun. 2(2018河北邯郸质检)When I was 12，I met Mary.She came to China with her parents，whom taught English in an university.We soon became good friends.She was fluentl
15、y in Chinese while I had difficulty in my spoken English.In order to help me with my English，we spoke as much English as we can when we were together.Before long，I could speak English well but at the same time I also made great progresses in my written English.Luckily，a year later，she had to return
16、back to her country with her parents.And we have out of touch with each other ever since.How I miss her!3(2018山东德州模拟)How is everything going? I would like to express my thanks with your kindness during my stay in London last week.Know that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture，especial the Sprin
17、g Festival，I would love to introduce it to you.The Spring Festival，one of the most important festival in China，falls on January 1 in the lunar calendar.It has a long history，that was originally celebrated to drive away a monster “Nian”Different that in the past，it is now given new meanings.On the Ne
18、w Years Eve，each family have its members gather together.They tell each other their lives in the past year，exchange gifts and to eat delicious meals in the warm of the family.I hope you will come here and experienced this wonderful festival.4(2018广东肇庆评估检测)Mr Black is my favorite teacher，which is 1.7
19、 meters in height.Before graduating from college，he became the senior high school teacher.Since then，he taught math for a few decade.Its said that he will retire early from his position next year owing to poorly health conditions.During his teaching years，he not only can make his students to learn w
20、ell，but also is wellknown for her unique teaching methods of how to effectively inspire students enthusiasm.I didnt like math a year ago.For me，it seemed bored and difficult.He was the only teacher that usually helps me with patience.Now Im good at math.真题训练1. (2018全国)During my last winter holiday，I
21、 went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and another animals.Last winter when I went here again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.They also had a small p
22、ond which they raised fish.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.I felt happily that their life had improved.At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years，but he agreed.2. (2018全国)When I was little，Fridays night was our family gam
23、e night.After supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.As the kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watching them，my parents would not to let me.They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.Still I unwilling to play the games
24、 for them sometimes.I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.过关检测答案：1.There is no denying that mobile phones are playing an role in our daily life.However，the phenomenon peopl
25、e are too addicted their mobile phones is becoming more and more popular.Mobile phone addicts cant help 或 their mobile phones all day，even when they are walking on the road.As result，their communication with people around them becomes less and less.Besides，their is greatly affected.Many are from nec
26、k pains，for example.In my opinion，it is time we away our mobile phones and raised our heads up .We should spend time communicating with our family and friends face to face.2.Dear David，Im more than to know that you are learning Chinese.Id like to recommend to you.Its a good website for nonChinese sp
27、eakers are learning Chinese，especially for .Firstly，it you with a variety of online courses，such as Chinese idioms，dialogues and customs.Through courses，you will have a good understanding of the Chinese language as well as its culture.，it will help you learn the Chinese in interesting and effective
28、ways.Here you can learn to sing some Chinese songs， Tang poems and watch Chinese movies.More importantly，there are teachers online whom you can turn to help.And all this is free of charge.I hope you will find this website and helpful.跟踪训练1。It was warm and sunny，so we to go for a swim.When I reached
29、to the beach，my friends were already there.The sea was perfect，appearing as as a mirror.I felt quite pleased with it， my friends were a little as they liked huge waves.When we got hungry and thirsty，we bought some and drinks from a nearby shop.After that，we became energetic enough for a football gam
30、e. surprised all was that my team won game.Then we relaxed for a while， on the beach.At about half past four，we packed up things and went home.We really had fun.2.答案When I was 12，I met Mary.She came to China with her parents， taught English in university.We soon became good friends.She was in Chines
31、e while I had difficulty my spoken English.In order to help me with my English，we spoke as much English as we when we were together.Before long，I could speak English well at the same time I also made great in my written English.，a year later，she had to return back to her country with her parents.And
32、 we have out of touch with each other ever since.How I miss her!3.答案How is everything going? I would like to express my thanks your kindness during my stay in London last week. that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture， the Spring Festival，I would love to introduce it to you.The Spring Festival
33、，one of the most important in China，falls on January 1 in the lunar calendar.It has a long history， was originally celebrated to drive away a monster “Nian”Different that in the past，it is now given new meanings.On the New Years Eve，each family its members gather together.They tell each other their
34、lives in the past year，exchange gifts and to eat delicious meals in the of the family.I hope you will come here and this wonderful festival.4.答案Mr Black is my favorite teacher， is 1.7 meters in height. graduating from college，he became senior high school teacher.Since then，he taught math for a few .
35、Its said that he will retire early from his position next year owing to health conditions.During his teaching years，he not only can make his students to learn well，but also is wellknown for unique teaching methods of how to effectively inspire students enthusiasm.I didnt like math a year ago.For me，
36、it seemed and difficult.He was the only teacher that usually me with patience.Now Im good at math.真题训练1. During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I a big change there.The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and
37、animals.Last winter when I went again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of .They also had a small pond 或 they raised fish.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish.I felt that their life had improved.At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return f
38、or every two years， he agreed.2.When I was little， night was our family game night.After supper，we would play card games of all in the sitting room.As kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to them，my parents would not to let me.They would say to that playing card games would help my brain.Still I unwilling to play the games them sometimes.I didnt realize how right my parents until I entered high school.The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.