1、Unit 21 单元主题语篇训练 （课时作业一）ALIPITORABOUT LIPITOR Lipitor is a prescription medicine.Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood.It can also raise “good” cholesterol. Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including fami
2、ly history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking.WHO IS LIPITOR FOR? Who can take LIPITOR： People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise.Adults and children over 10. Who should NOT take LIPITOR： Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become p
3、regnant.Lipitor may harm your unborn baby. Women who are breastfeeding.Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.People with liver problems.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people： Muscle problems that can lead to kidney problems, includi
4、ng kidney failure. Liver problems.Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it. Call your doctor right away if you have： Unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially if you have a fever or feel very tired. Swelling of the face, lips, tong
5、ue, or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing. Stomach pain.Some common side effects of LIPITOR are： Muscle pain. Upset stomach. Changes in some blood tests.HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR Do： Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor. Try to eat hearthealthy foods while you take Lipitor. T
6、ake Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food. If you miss a dose (一剂), take it as soon as you remember.But if it has been more than 12 hours since you missed a dose, wait, take the next dose at your regular time. Dont Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor. Do not star
7、t new medicine before talking to your doctor.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了立普妥这种药品的服用说明，包括适用人群、禁用人群、可能的副作用、如何处理副作用、怎样服用等相关信息。1What is the major function of Lipitor?ATo help quit smoking.BTo lower “bad” cholesterol.CTo improve unhealthy diet.DTo control blood pressure.解析：选B细节理解题。根据ABOUT LIPITOR中的“Along with die
8、t and exercise, it lowers bad cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood.”可知，本句中的it指代Lipitor，它可以降低血液中的有害胆固醇。故选B项。2If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should _.Achange the amount of your next doseBeat more when taking your next doseChave a dose as soon as you rememberDtake the next dose at
9、 your regular time解析：选D细节理解题。根据HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR部分中的“But if it has been more than 12 hours since you missed a dose, wait, take the next dose at your regular time.”可知，如果你错过服药12小时，等着在固定时间服用下一剂。故选D项。3What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo teach patients ways for quick recovery.BTo present a repo
10、rt on a scientific research.CTo show the importance of a good lifestyle.DTo give information about a kind of medicine.解析：选D写作意图题。本文的写作意图就是介绍立普妥这种药品的使用说明、使用禁忌等相关信息，故选D项。BMany of us have had this experience: we lie down in a bed other than our own, perhaps at a friends house or in a hotel room, and fi
11、nd it difficult or impossible to fall asleep.Is it because the bed is uncomfortable? Maybe, but perhaps there can be other reasons.According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is what the scientists call “first night effect”They believe that one side of the brain acts
12、as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers.It forces us to stay awake on the first night in a new environment. For the study, 35 young volunteers were asked to sleep in a sleep lab for several days.Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.According to the researchers, on thei
13、r first night, the left brains were more active than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping.However, leftbrain activity decreased as days went by, falling even to the point of complete calm.In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.The findings sugge
14、st that the different rhythms of the sides of the brain affect our sleep.When the two sides work differently, the balance between them is broken.Thus, the brain cant relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just as it is in daytime.“At some level, the brain is continuing to an
15、alyze things, even though you are not aware of the analysis，” US professor Jerome Siegel told Smithsonian Magazine.“If something unusual happens if a door opens or you hear a key in a lock you can be alert, even though the intensity of the stimulus is quite low.”More surprisingly, this phenomenon is
16、 similar to the way some animals sleep.Whales, dolphins, and many birds can sleep with half of their brain while the other half stays awake, with its corresponding eye staying open.The researchers think that it is the result of evolution, and works to protect us in potentially dangerous environments
17、.If you have ever had what you think is“first night effect”， researchers suggest that you bring your own pillow or sleep in a room similar to your bedroom next time you sleep away from home.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“第一晚效应”对我们的影响及其产生的原因。4What did the new study published in Current Biology find?AA comfortab
18、le bed could help people sleep well in a new environment.BMost people could sleep well in a new environment after the first night.CBrain activities affected peoples sleep in a new environment.DThe right brain determined how well people slept in a new environment.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，发表在当代生物学杂志上的一项新
19、研究发现大脑活动影响人们在新环境中的睡眠。5What was found out about the volunteers?ATheir left brains were more active on the first night.BTheir right brains became more active as days went by.CTheir right brains kept them awake the whole night.DThey slept better in the sleep lab than at home.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，研究发现志
20、愿者的左脑在第一个晚上更加活跃。6What do the researchers think makes the brain sensitive to new things?AThe bad sleep experiences people have had.BThe tiredness that people suffer from in daytime.CThe imbalance between the two sides of the brain.DThe strangeness of the things that people come across.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四
21、段前两句可知，大脑两侧的不平衡使大脑对新事物敏感。7What do the researchers think of “first night effect”？AIt has evolved as a way to protect us.BIts a characteristic that animals dont have.CIts completely different from the way animals sleep.DIt helps people to get used to new environments quickly.解析：选A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，研究
22、人员认为“第一晚效应”已经演变成一种保护我们的方式。CNo one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock n roll. Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.“Technically, I think what t
23、heyre proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And theres no obvious answer. On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to t
24、he pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lub
25、ricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of path
26、s.However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, Why dont they just try rolling the things？”A square could be tu
27、rned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”So he tried it.He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block. That action turned the block int
28、o somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a sli
29、ppery (滑的) path.West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。古埃及人如何搬运巨石建造金字塔一直是一个谜，不过一项新研究表明，他们有可能是通过在巨石四周捆绑木棒，使其滚动运行这一更加省力的办法来搬运巨石的。8Its wide
30、ly believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by_.Arolling them on roadsBpushing them over the sandCsliding them on smooth pathsDdragging them on some poles解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，人们普遍接受的观点是埃及人是在光滑的道路上滑动石块的。9The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means_.Amade the
31、paths wetBmade the paths hardCmade the paths wideDmade the paths slippery解析：选D词义猜测题。由该短语所在句子的后半部分“either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle”可推知，他们使用湿的黏土或牛的脂肪使道路变得光滑，这样才能更轻松地移动石块。10What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?ARolling the blocks with poles attached.BRolling the b
32、locks on wooden wheels.CRolling poles to move the blocks.DRolling the blocks with fat.解析：选A代词指代题。根据“So he tried it.”中的So一词可判断，it指代的内容应该在第六段。由第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel . make a block of stone a lot easier to roll than a square”可知，物理学家West提出，在石块四周捆绑上木棒可以使石块更容易滚动。因此他对这种方
33、法进行了尝试。11What is the text mainly about?AAn experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.BAn application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.CAn argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.DAn introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to t
34、he pyramid site.解析：选D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了古埃及人搬运巨石建造金字塔可能用的更省力的办法。tips 巧用“就近原则”解代词指代题代词指代题考查考生依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。即对it, they, them, she, he等人称代词与this, these, that, those等指示代词的正确指代做出判断。历年高考题中代词指代题常出现在人物变换多或动作变换频繁的语境中。解题时，要注意代词指代的总原则就近指代，即画线代词指代的是在性(阴或阳)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。也就是说代词所指代的词通常在本句或其前句中。例如上文C篇阅读中的第10小题，根据“就近原则”和“So he tried it.”中的So一词可判断，it指代的内容应该是第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides .make a block of stone a lot easier to roll than a square”物理学家West提出，在石块四周捆绑上木棒可以使石块更容易滚动。因此他对这种方法进行了尝试，由此可知本题答案。