1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 5Theme parksLearning about Language语法精讲探究学习构词法观察上面的对话, 并填空: 上面对话中的单词headmaster是将两个单词合并在一起, 形成一个新的单词。这种构词法被称为合成法。英语的构词法主要有三种: 合成法、转化法和派生法。一、合成法合成词是由两个或更多的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词, 还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起, 也有的合成词之间用连字符“-”, 还有的由分
2、开的两个词构成。1. 合成名词构词方式例词名词+名词headmaster 校长名词+动名词ship-building造船(业)名词+动词+er(or)painkiller 止痛药形容词+名词highway公路动词+副词get-together聚会, 联欢会副词+动词output产量; upkeep保养, 维修介词(副词)+名词upland高地, 山地分词+副词grown-up成年人名词+介词looker-on旁观者动词+介词go-between中间人, 媒人名词+介词+名词son-in-law女婿 合成名词变复数的注意事项(1)由“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时, 把前面的名词
3、变复数。*father-in-law fathers-in-law(2)由man 和woman构成的合成名词变复数时, 两个名词都要变成复数。*a woman teacherwomen teachers*a man doctor men doctors(3)由“名词+名词”构成的复合名词, 在变复数时, 只变中心名词, 修饰名词不变。*a girlfriend girlfriends2. 合成形容词构词方式 例词形容词+名词+edwarm-hearted热心肠的cold-blooded冷血的形容词+现在分词good-looking好看的easy-going容易相处的形容词+过去分词new-bo
4、rn 新生的ready-made现成的副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的名词+现在分词English-speaking说英语的peace-loving爱好和平的副词+过去分词well-known闻名的名词+过去分词man-made人造的heart-felt由衷的数词+名词+形容词twelve-year-old十二岁的five-meter-long五米长的3. 合成副词构词方式 例词介词+名词 underfoot在脚下beforehand事先副词+名词upstairs在楼上; downstairs在楼下副词+副词however无论如何, 然而, 可是代词+副词anywhere 任何地方
5、somehow 不知怎么地形容词+副词nowhere没有地方代词+名词someday (今后)有一天someway以某种方式副词+介词nearby附近4. 合成动词构词方式例词副词+动词 overthrow推翻; overcome克服名词+动词typewrite打字; sleepwalk梦游形容词+动词broadcast广播; whitewash粉刷5. 合成代词构词方式例词代词宾格+ -selfitself它自身物主代词+-selfmyself我自己形容词+名词anything任何东西something 某物, 某事6. 合成介词构词方式例词副词+名词inside在里面介词+副词within
6、在之内; without没有副词+介词into进入(1)写出黑体单词的词性和词义。After sunset the scene of the children playing in the garden disappeared. (n. 日落)I want to express our heartfelt congratulations to you on your seventeenth birthday. (adj. 衷心的)We ran hotfoot to find out the news. (adv. 匆忙地)We overcome one problem after anothe
7、r. (vt. 克服)(2)将下列句中的合成名词变为复数形式。I had never been more joyful for my daughter-in-law. (daughters-in-law)The new semester, a tall man teacher became the new teacher. (men teachers)He is an Englishman, as I know from his accent. (Englishmen)二、转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。转化词例词动词名词walk v. 行走 walk n. 散步swim v.
8、 游泳 swim n. 游泳名词动词表示物体的book n. 书book v. 预订ship n. 船ship v. 用船运输表示人体部位的hand n. 手hand v. 递交head n. 头 head v. 朝方向表示一类人的nurse n. 护士nurse v. 护理fool n. 傻子fool v. 愚弄表示自然现象的rain n. 雨rain v. 下雨snow n. 雪 snow v. 下雪形容词动词dry adj. 干的dry v. 使变干clean adj. 干净的clean v. 把擦干净副词动词out adv. 出来out v. 揭露形容词名词white adj. 白色的
9、 white n. 白人native adj. 本地的 native n. 本地人特殊转化must modal v. 必须must n. 必须做的事写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和词义。(1)He is a man with a powerful build. (n. 体格)(2)Today, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another. (vt. 用船运输)(3)The train slowed down. (vi. 减缓)(4)Theyre running in the final. (n. 决赛)(5
10、)You should be dressed in black. (vt. 穿衣)三、派生法即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外, 前缀一般改变单词的意思, 不改变词性; 后缀一般改变单词的词性, 并不引起词义的变化。1. 前缀构词法前缀含义例词dis-不dissatisfy 使不满意; dishonest 不诚实的un-不unable 不能够; unlucky不幸的做相反动作undress 脱衣服; unload 卸货in-im-ir-il-不, 非inactive 不活跃的; incorrect 不正确的; impolite 没有礼貌
11、的; impossible不可能的; irregular 不规则的; illogical不合逻辑的non-不, 非non-existent 不存在的; non-stop 不停的 mis-错误的; 坏的misunderstand 误解; misfortune 厄运re-重复, 再rewrite 重写; remarry 再婚; retell 复述en-使enable 使能够; enrich 使丰富super-在上面; 超级superstar巨星; supermodel超级模特; supermarket超市under-在之下underground地下的; underestimate低估inter-相
12、互; 之间international国际的; interact相互作用pre-预先, 在之前predict预告; preview预习2. 后缀构词法后缀含义例词-ence/-ance构成抽象名词evidence证据; importance重要性; significance重要性; dependence依靠-cion/-sion/-tion/-ation动作; 状态suspicion怀疑; explosion爆炸; repetition重复; organization 组织-er/-or人或物cooker炊具; writer作家; operator操作员; actor男演员; tractor拖拉
13、机-ism主义; 教socialism社会主义; capitalism资本主义-ist主义者; 家scientist科学家; dentist 牙医-ment行为, 结果, 状态, 性质movement运动; achievement成就; government政府; equipment设备; development发展-ship关系, 身份seamanship航海术; friendship友谊; citizenship公民身份-hood身份, 性质, 时代adulthood成年; childhood童年; neighbourhood某街区的居民-ty状态, 性质honesty诚实; diffic
14、ulty困难; anxiety焦虑-ure结果, 行为, 状态, 实物pleasure高兴; picture图画; pressure压力-al动作过程, 结果approval同意; arrival到达, 到达者形容词后缀-able/ibleenjoyable愉快的; horrible可怕的-ishfoolish愚蠢的; childish孩子气的-fulhopeful有希望的; careful仔细的-lesshopeless无希望的; useless无用的-lyfriendly友好的; motherly母亲般的-yrainy下雨的; dusty布满灰尘的-antimportant重要的; ple
15、asant愉快的-edexcited感到兴奋的; tired疲劳的-inginteresting令人感兴趣的副词后缀-lyhappily快乐地; bravely勇敢地-ward/-wardsnorthward朝北; forwards向前动词-ing形式作状语时, 相当于与之对应的状语从句, 现在分词的逻辑主语一定和句子的主语保持一致。(1)(2020浙江高考)Elli and I feared the fence wouldnt last through 30 more minutes of the bears punishment(punish). (2) (2020浙江高考) A few
16、characters are used to create a single impression (impress)growing out of the theme. (3)(2020全国卷) Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction(direct). (4)(2020新高考全国卷)People want to listen to someone who is interesting(interest), relaxed(relax) and comfortable(comfort). (5)(2020全
17、国卷)The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations. (6)The successful(success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe. (7)School uniforms are traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some school are starting to get rid of them. (8)Its
18、 not really surprising (surprise) that reading became her vocation. (9) It was a little far to her car and it was a foggy(fog) day yesterday in Missouri. (10)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others blindly(blind). (11) The naughty boy entered the c
19、lassroom cautiously(caution), fearing that his teacher would blame him. (12)When the salesgirl walked into the shop, she sensed something unusual(usual). Can someone have got in? (13) What you said sounded reasonable(reason) but in fact it was untrue. (14) The black people were against slavery and f
20、ought for their freedom(free)bravely. 课时检测素养达标. 根据构词法构成单词, 并完成句子Model: part+ time=part-timeAwaterbroadwarmdownunderBcastcoveredlineheartedload1. The message was broadcast all over the world via radio. 2. As we can see, the earth is a huge, water-covered globe. 3. I do not underline my optimism, but
21、it just is so. 4. He is a warm-hearted man, so we all like him. 5. Users can download their material to a desktop PC back in the office. Model: dis+appeardisappearAdisunimmis ilBadvantagepoliteluckylegalunderstand6. As myself I like living in city though I know the disadvantage of living in city. 7.
22、 You certainly were unlucky to get that horrible illness. 8. It was impolite that you talked so loud in the restaurant. 9. They have simply misunderstood what rock and roll is. 10. He has been charged with membership of an illegal organization. . 猜测下面黑体单词的词义1. I always shop on Saturdays. (购物)2. Can
23、you give me more background on the company?(背景)3. Lily wanted to take a career break in order to have children. (休息)4. Please inform us of your arrival time beforehand. (事先, 提前)5. It seems reasonable to expect rapid urban growth. (合乎情理的)6. I am very uncomfortable lying on this hard, cold floor. (不舒服
24、的)7. The college has announced its intention to enlarge its stadium. (扩建)8. People often have incorrect information about food. (不正确的)9. He works in his greenhouse on Sundays. (温室)10. Be a non-smoker and avoid second-hand smoke. (不吸烟者)语法填空With the development (develop) of globalization, the populari
25、ty(popular) of the Internet, the increase of international communication(communicate), more and more words came into the English language. Some linguists made a prediction (prediction): in the near future, English vocabulary will be more than one million. If learners(learn) want to read English work
26、s and newspapers fluently(fluent), he must grasp at least 10, 000 English words. So what method can scientifically (scientific) and effectively(effective) to remember new English words? It is necessary to have a large vocabulary if you want to learn English well. And you must concern word-formation law, found the words pronunciation(pronounce) and spelling(spell) characteristics, and the connection(connect) between the sound and shape. Understand the knowledge of word-formation can help us memorize(memory) new words efficiently, which has formed a consensus(共识).