1、Module 5 CloningSection Integrating Skills&Cultural Corner练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读先读通Jurassic ParkScientific Factor Hollywood Fiction？Steven Spielbergs successful sci-fi adventure film follows two dinosaur expertsDr Alan and Dr Ellie Sattleras they are invited by the eccentric millionaire John Hammond to v
2、isit his new amusement park on an island off Costa Rica before it opens to the public.By cloning DNA taken from prehistoricmosquitoes，Hammond has created living dinosaurs for his new Jurassic Park.Accompanied by Hammonds two grandchildren，they are sent on a tour through Jurassic Park in computer-con
3、trolled cars.But a tropical storm hits the island，knocking out the power supply，and an employee destroys the security system so that he can steal dinosaur embryos and sell them.The dinosaurs start to get out of control.So，since it is possible to clone sheep，is it possible to clone dinosaurs?Or is th
4、is just Hollywood?First,any DNA that has been taken from a preserved mosquito is only 40 million years old.Dinosaurs are at least21 60 million years old，so even if any DNA was found22，the mosquitoes need to be much older,and as far as we know23，mosquitoes that24 old do not exist.Second,although it i
5、s possible to find preserved mosquitoes,only one male has been recovered.In fact25，only females can absorb26 the DNA of another creature.Also,there is no way of knowing if the DNA was from a dinosaur or not27.Since there has been no previous28 discovery of dinosaurs,there is nothing to compare the n
6、ew sample29 with30.Thirdly，dinosaur DNA would not be intact31 after the long period of time since their extinction32.When life ends,DNA breaks down33 and does not repair itself.Many questions also arise34 in the cloning of dinosaurs.Some of these questions are:What will be needed to raise35 a baby d
7、inosaur from childhood successfully?What kinds of conditions do dinosaurs need to survive36？What are the diets of dinosaurs?What kinds of care would dinosaurs need in their adult lives?What would be done to protect humans from37 dinosaurs and vice versa38？What ethical39 and human rights40 issuesare
8、raised41 by cloning？So cloning dinosaurs seems scientifically42 impossible.The world is not ready for it and the materials that are needed43 are not yet available44.Even if it was possible to bring dinosaurs back to life 45 they probably could not survive in the present day environment.Temperature,a
9、ir,disease,and plants are all different today than in the era of46 dinosaurs.Dinosaurs are used to47 a completely different world and would find great difficulty living48here.The only place that dinosaurs seem to exist today49 is in Hollywood.再记住Hollywood fiction 好莱坞科幻片sci-fi sa fa adj.科幻的sci-fi adv
10、enture film 科幻历险片/电影eccentric ksentrk adj.(人、行为等)古怪的；反常的Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加prehistoric adj.史前的taken from.从提取，此处是过去分词短语作后置定语。accompany kmpni v.陪伴；陪同Accompanied by.是过去分词短语作伴随状语。on a tour 观光；旅行computer-controlled adj.电脑控制的hit(strike)vt.袭击；侵袭knock out 摧毁knocking out the.是现在分词短语作结果状语。the security system 安全系
11、统so that.是目的状语从句，so that 意为“以便”。get out of control 摆脱控制since 引导原因状语从句；从句中 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。preserve vt.保存；保护that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 any DNA。21 at least(at the least)至少22 even if(even though)引导让步状语从句。23 as far as we know 据我们所知24 that adv.那么；那样(用来加强语气，相当于so)25 in fact 事实上26 absorb bz b v.吸收27 there
12、 is no way of knowing.无法知道；if the DNA was from a dinosaur or not 是knowing的宾语从句。28 previous adj.以前的29 sample s mpl n.样本30 compare.with.把与相比较compared with/to 与相比31 intact ntkt adj.完好无损的；完整的32 extinction n.灭绝33 break down 分解34 arise raz v.(问题、困难等)发生；出现35 raise vt.养育36 survive v.生存37 protect.from.保护免受(侵
13、害)38 vice versa 反过来也一样；反之亦然39 ethical adj.道德的40 human rights 人权41 raise issues 提出问题42 scientifically adv.科学上地；从科学意义上说43 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the materials。44 available adj.可利用的；可得到的45 bring.back to life 使复活46 in the era of 在时代47 be used to 习惯于，to 为介词48 find difficulty(in)doing sth.发现做某事有困难49 that 引导定语从
14、句，修饰先行词The only place。再翻译侏罗纪公园科学事实还是好莱坞科幻片？史蒂文斯皮尔博格的成功的科幻历险片叙述了两位恐龙专家艾伦和埃利萨特勒博士应古怪的百万富翁约翰哈蒙德之邀，参观了他位于哥斯达黎加外岛屿上的尚未对公众开放的新的游乐场的故事。通过克隆从史前的蚊子身上提取的DNA，哈蒙德为他的新侏罗纪公园创造出了活恐龙。在哈蒙德的两个孙子的陪伴下，他们被送到电脑控制的车中进行环绕侏罗纪公园的旅行。但是一场热带风暴袭击了岛屿，摧毁了电力供应，并且一个雇员破坏了安全系统以便偷出恐龙胚胎去卖，恐龙开始摆脱控制这样看来，既然可以克隆羊，那有可能克隆恐龙吗？还是这只是好莱坞科幻片？首先，任何
15、取自被保存的蚊子的DNA 只有4千万年之久。恐龙至少是6千万年前的，所以，即使发现任何DNA，蚊子也需要年代更久远些，而据我们所知，年代那么久远的蚊子是不存在的。其次，即使可能找到被保存的蚊子，但仅仅发现了一只雄性蚊子。事实上，只有雌性蚊子才能吸取另一种生物的DNA。而且，也无法知道这DNA 是否来自于恐龙。既然没有以前发现的恐龙，也就无法与新的样本进行比较。第三，在灭绝了这么久之后，恐龙的 DNA 不会完好无损。当生命结束后，DNA发生分解并且无法自我修复。在克隆恐龙的过程中也会产生许多问题。一些问题是：将一个小恐龙成功地养大需要做些什么？恐龙存活需要什么样的条件？恐龙吃些什么？恐龙在成年生
16、活中需要什么样的照顾？该做些什么去保护人类免受恐龙的伤害或保护恐龙免受人类的伤害？克隆会带来什么样的道德和人权问题？因此，克隆恐龙从科学意义上来说似乎是不可能的。世界对此毫无准备，而且所需的物质原料也无法获得。即使真有可能让恐龙复活，它们也不一定能在目前的环境中存活。现在的温度、空气、疾病和植物也与恐龙时代的完全不同。恐龙习惯了一个完全不同的世界，并且会发现很难在这里活下来。今天，恐龙能生存的唯一地方似乎只有好莱坞。通语篇 学理解 重分析2 语篇理解.Skim the text on P6465 and match the main idea with each paragraph.1Para
17、.1 Aadvantages and disadvantages2Para.2 BDNA in helping solve the crime3Para.3 Cprocedure 4Para.4 Dcloning5Para.5 EDNA and gene答案：15.ECDAB.Read the text on P67 and tell the following statements True(T)or False(F)1Dinosaurs died out before mosquitoes.()2Dinosaurs died out after mosquitoes began to ex
18、ist.()3There are still proper conditions for dinosaurs to exist today.()答案：13.TFF.Read the text on P69 and choose the best answers according to the text.1The first paragraph is written in order to _.Atell us the time when the novel came outBtell us the popularity of the novelCmake us more interested
19、 in the novelDmake us know why the novel was famous2It seems that people in Brave New World_.Alove their nation very muchBhate their nation very muchCdont have any feelingsDare satisfied with their own positions3How does the government control the society?ABy teaching them what to like or dislike an
20、d giving them drugs to make them happy.BBy dividing the whole society into five classes.CBy giving equal rights to the five types of people.DBy using strong and cruel methods.4The writer of the novel takes a(n)_ attitude to such a society described in the novel.Adoubtful Bsupportive Ccold Dobjective
21、答案：14.CDAA记单词 记短语 记句型3 基础梳理重点词汇基础词汇1._ adj.完全相同的；同一的2._ v 治愈3._ adj.可选择的4._ v 吸收identical cure optional absorb 重点词汇拓展词汇5._ adj.有益的；有用的benefit n益处v.对有益6._ adj.假想的；虚构的imagine v.想象imagination n.想象力imaginative adj.富于想象力的7._ adj.难以置信的credible adj.可信的credit n.信誉；信用8._ adj.易适应的flexibility n.适应性；灵活性benefici
22、al imaginary incredible flexible 重点词汇拓展词汇9._ n.法规；条例regulate v.调整；校准10._ v.抵抗resistance n抵抗，反抗11._ v.陪伴；陪同company n陪伴；作伴companion n同伴；伴侣12._ v.(问题、困难等)发生；出现过去式/过去分词 arose/arisenregulation resist accompany arise 重点词汇阅读词汇13.head n._14.nonsense n._15.acid adj._16.upbringing n._17.genetic adj._18.geneti
23、cs n._19.transparent adj._20.twisting adj._头目；领导胡说八道；胡扯酸(性)的抚育；养育基因的；遗传基因的；遗传学的遗传学透明的扭曲的；弯曲的重点词汇阅读词汇21.fundamental adj._ ponent n._ 23.procedure n._ 24.unzip v._ 25.insert v._ 26.controversial adj._ 27.valid adj._ 基本的；不可或缺的；重要的成分程序解开植入；插入有争议的有确实根据的；有效的重点词汇阅读词汇28.reproduce v._ 29.exceptional adj._ 30
24、.contradictory adj._31.vice n _32.virtue n._pulsory adj._34.handy adj._35.sow v._36.pest n._复制；使再现特别的；非凡的；卓越的互相矛盾的；相反的；对立的缺点；弱点道德上的优点；善行强制的；强迫的方便的；便利的播种害虫重点词汇阅读词汇37.biodiversity n._38.breed n._39.analyse v._40.suspect n._41.spit v._42.fingernail n._43.code n._44.sci-fi adj._生物多样性(动植物的)品种分析嫌疑人吐出(唾液)手
25、指甲法规；规则科幻的重点词汇阅读词汇45.eccentric adj._46.sample n._47.intact adj._48.violence n._(人、行为等)古怪的；反常的样本完好无损的；完整的暴力重点短语1._ 错误地2 _把当成对待3 _一系列的4 _和一样；与一致5 _依靠；依赖6 _如下by mistake treat.as a sequence of(be)identical to rely on as follows 重点短语7._ 摧毁8._摆脱控制9._据我们所知10._分解11._使复活knock out get out of control as far as
26、 we know break down bring.back to life 重点句型1.findit宾补to do发现/认为做是(it为形式宾语)An Italian doctor wants to offer cloning as an optional treatment for couples who _(发现很难生育)2the reason why.is that.的原因是_(美丽新世界仍然如此著名的原因是)it describes a terrifying future world that is becoming more and more possible.find it di
27、fficult to have children The reason why Brave New World is still so famous is that 研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析1beneficial adj.有益的；有用的(教材P61)Do you think cloning may be beneficial/helpful to humans?你认为克隆对人类有益吗？归纳拓展(1)be beneficial to sth./sb.对有益(2)benefit v有益于；得益于n利益；好处benefit from/by 从受益be of great benefit 大有
28、好处for the benefit of 为了的利益基础训练单句语法填空a.(江苏卷)Many of the things we now benefit _would not be around but for Thomas Edison.b(2019山西大同月考)How about the performance?Wonderful!This performance is being held _the benefit of the disabled,aimed at raising peoples concern about their lives.(2018北京卷)Anger is ra
29、rely looked upon as a _(benefit)character trait,and is usually advised to reduce it.from for beneficial 能力提升词汇升级/句式升级(2016天津卷)自从你们到我们学校参加交流活动以来已经两周了，这项交流活动对我们都有益处。(普通表达)It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，and it is good to all of us.(高级表达)It has been two weeks
30、 since you came to our school for the exchange program，and it is _ all of us.of benefit to(高级表达)It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，_.(非限制性定语从句)which is of benefit to all of us 2cure v&n治愈；治疗(教材P61)We could use cloning to cure illnesses.我们可以利用克隆来治疗疾病。归纳拓展(1)cu
31、re sb.of sth.治愈某人的疾病；纠正某人的坏习惯(2)a cure for.的治疗方法；的解决方法名师指津与cure结构相似的词汇构成的短语：rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人的cheat sb.of sth.骗某人的inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事基础训练单句语法填空Although this medicine can cure you _ your illness,it has a bad effect on you.(北京卷)Empathy can be a cure _ loneliness,sadness,an
32、xiety,and fear.of for 能力提升完成句子在父母和老师的帮助下，我纠正了一些坏的学习习惯，在学习上取得了进步。With the help of my parents and teachers,I _ and made progress in my study.cured myself of some bad learning habits 3resist v抗拒；对抗；反抗；抵抗；忍住(一般用于否定式)(教材P65).a prize cow which can resist bacteria or disease，or to sow a cloned crop which c
33、an resist rot or pests.能够抵御细菌或疾病的优质奶牛，或种植能够抵抗腐烂或虫害的克隆农作物。归纳拓展(1)resist(doing)sth.反对(做)某事cant resist(doing)sth.无法抗拒/忍不住(做)某事(2)resistant adj.对有抵抗力的；抵制的；反抗的；抗拒的be resistant to 对有抵抗力(3)resistance n反抗；抵抗名师指津resist表示“忍住”时，常与表示否定意义的cant/can hardly连用，resist 后接v.-ing形式作宾语，不接不定式。基础训练单句语法填空The boy couldnt res
34、ist _(show)off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.Its believed that elderly people are always _(resist)to change.You should exercise more to build up the _(resist)to infection.showing resistant resistance 能力提升句型转换When staying with them，he couldnt stand playing a joke on them.When stay
35、ing with them，he _ a joke on them.When staying with them，he _a joke on them.couldnt resist playing couldnt help playing 4rely on 依靠；依赖(教材P65)But to rely on a few cloned animals or crops would restrict the biodiversity of the breed.但是仅仅依靠少数几种克隆的动植物会限制生物品种的多样性。归纳拓展rely on sb.to do sth.rely on sb./sb.s
36、 doing sth.依靠某人做某事rely on it that.相信；指望名师指津在“rely on itthat从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的有depend on/see to it that从句；appreciate it if从句；like/hate it when从句。基础训练单句语法填空(福建卷)Nowadays parents do everything for their single children,which makes the children rely _ their parents badly.Nowadays the chi
37、ldren rely more on their parents _(do)everything for them.Oh,its nearly 8 oclock.Jack should have come earlier.But you may rely on _ that he wont be late,since hes always on time.on/upon to do/doing it 能力提升一句多译你可以相信你在困难时我会帮助你。You can _ when you are in trouble.You can _ when you are in trouble.You ca
38、n _ when you are in trouble.rely on me to help you rely on it that I will help you rely on my helping you 5absorb v吸收；理解；掌握；吸引(兴趣);使专心(教材P67)In fact，only females can absorb the DNA of another creature.事实上，只有雌性蚊子才能吸取另一种生物的DNA。归纳拓展(1)absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力(2)absorbed adj.精神集中的be absorbed in 专心
39、致志于；全神贯注于(3)absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入胜的名师指津be absorbed in(doing)sth.结构常在句中作状语和表语。类似的结构还有：be lost in.陷入，专心致志于；be caught in.被困在；be buried in.埋头于；be devoted to.致力于，专心于；be occupied in/with.忙于；be involved in.卷入等。基础训练单句语法填空/单句改错(北京卷)When deeply _(absorb)in work,which he often was,he would forget all about
40、eating or sleeping.The novel was so _(absorb)that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.(2016北京卷)When something did interest me,I could become absorbing._absorbed absorbing absorbingabsorbed 能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)Tom _(专心于)watching the basketball match and he didnt notice his class
41、mate coming up to him.(高级表达)_ he didnt notice his classmate coming up to him.(含so.that.的倒装句)was absorbed in So absorbed was Tom in watching the basketball match that(高级表达)_，Tom didnt notice his classmate coming up to him.(分词短语作状语)Absorbed in watching the basketball match 6break down 分解；出故障；(精神、身体等)垮
42、掉；(谈判等)破裂(教材P67)When life ends，DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.当生命结束后，DNA发生分解并且无法自我修复。归纳拓展break in 强行进入；打断(谈话);插嘴break into 闯入；破门而入break out 爆发；突然发生break through 突破；克服；战胜break up 解散；结束；拆散一词多义写出下列句中break down的含义(陕西卷)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，beca
43、use the air-conditioning system broke down._If Tim carries on working like this,hell break down sooner or later._(机器)出故障(身体)垮掉(湖北卷)To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts._(天津卷)The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them._
44、分解消除能力提升完成句子妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则我会累垮的。Mother _ and told me not to stay up or I _.(广东卷)大火爆发时我还在睡觉，之后火势迅速蔓延。I was still sleeping when _,and then it spread quickly.broke into my room would break down the fire broke out(2016北京卷)水面上覆盖着冰，有时会突然破碎。The water was covered with ice,which could sometimes _.break
45、 up without warning 7arise v(arose，arisen)(问题、困难)发生；出现；起来；站起(教材P67)Many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs.在克隆恐龙的过程中也会产生许多问题。归纳拓展arise out of/from sth.因某事物而产生/造成/引起基础训练单句语法填空/单句改错With more and more problems _(arise),their friendship broke up.In modern society，there are an increasing nu
46、mber of problems arise from the lack of communication._arising arisearising 1(教材P64)An Italian doctor wants to offer cloning as an optional treatment for couples who find it difficult to have children.一位意大利医生想用克隆技术为那些很难生育孩子的夫妇提供一种选择性治疗方案。句中“find it difficult to have children”中的it是形式宾语，difficult是形容词作
47、宾语补足语，真正的宾语是to have children。归纳拓展当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时多用it作形式宾语，常见句型有：(1)动词it形容词/名词(for sb.)to do sth.；(2)动词it形容词/名词从句；(3)动词itno good/no use/no value/worth/worthwhiledoing sth.。常用于该句型的动词：make/think/consider/find/feel/believe等。基础训练单句语法填空/单句改错(山东卷)Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life f
48、or herself.(福建卷)It was the culture,rather than the language,that made it hard for him _(adapt)to the new environment abroad.(2019天津六校期中)I think it no good spend too much time on the Internet._it to adapt spendspending 能力提升一句多译精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。Mastering the technology _ more effectively.(不定式作宾语)
49、Mastering the technology _ more effectively.(从句作宾语)makes it possible for us to use the Internet makes it possible that we can use the Internet 2(教材P69)The reason why Brave New World is still so famous is that it describes a terrifying future world that is becoming more and more possible.美丽新世界仍然出名是因为
50、它描述了一个越来越可能出现的恐怖的未来世界。该句主干为“The reason why.is that.”句型，其中why引导定语从句，修饰the reason，相当于for which；that引导表语从句，说明the reason的内容。归纳拓展1reason常见的基本句式：the reason for sth./doing sth.is/was that.why/for which.is/was that.that/which定语从句is/was that.2that/this is because.“这是因为”，because引导的表语从句表示原因。that/this is why.“这
51、就是的原因”，why引导的表语从句表示结果。基础训练单句语法填空/单句改错(江苏卷)The real reason _ prices were,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.a.The reason why he succeeded was _ he worked very hard.bHe worked very hard.That was _ he succeeded.why that why cHe succeeded.Th
52、at was _ he worked very hard.The reason why I didnt tell you was because I wanted it to be a surprise._because becausethat 能力提升句式升级(普通表达)He wasnt admitted into a key university in 2019 because his grades were too low.(高级表达)_.(the reason why.is that.)The reason why he wasnt admitted into a key univer
53、sity in 2019 was that his grades were too low随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练.单词拼写1It is well known that sports are _(有益的)to building our bodies.2Unexpected difficulties _(出现)in the course of their experiment.3I didnt mean to eat anything,but these apples looked so good that I couldnt _(忍住)eating one.4He was too _
54、(专心)in the newspaper to hear the bell of the phone.beneficial arose resist absorbed 5_(伴随)by cheerful music，the children began to dance.6She has taken a lot of different medicines，but none has _(治愈)the disease.7She told me an _(难以置信的)story about her grandmother catching a thief.8You had to sit down
55、and _(分析)why you felt so upset.Accompanied cured incredible analysed 9This is the _(同一的)hotel that we stayed last year.10Two _(嫌疑人)are now in prison in connection with the killing.identical suspects.完成句子1他迟到的原因是昨晚睡得太晚了。_ he slept too late last night.2我觉得作出一些变化是非常有必要的。_ some changes.3(2019北京海淀区质测)据我们
56、所知，我们的学校是这个区最好的。_,our school is the best in this district.The reason why he was late was that I find it quite necessary to make As far as we know 4根据最近的警察的报告，许多交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。Many road accidents_,according to the recent reports from the police.5公共汽车失去控制，撞上了墙。The bus _ and ran into a wall.arise from/o
57、ut of careless driving got/ran out of control.课文语篇改错Is it possible to clone dinosaurs?It is well known that dinosaur DNA would not intact after the long period of time since their extinct.When life ends,DNA breaks out and doesnt repair it.So clone dinosaurs seems scientifically impossible.The world
58、is not ready for them and the materials needed are not yet available.Even if it was possible to bring dinosaurs back to the life they probable could not survive in the present day environment.Temperature,air,disease,and plant are all different today than in the era of dinosaurs.Dinosaurs are used to
59、 live in a completely different world and would find difficulty living here.答案：Is it possible to clone dinosaurs?It is well known that dinosaur DNA would not intact after the long period of time since their.When life ends,DNA breaks and doesnt repair.So dinosaurs seems scientifically impossible.The
60、world is not ready for and the materials needed are not yet available.Even if it was possible to bring dinosaurs back to life they could not survive inthe present day environment.Temperature,air,disease，and are all different today than in the era of dinosaurs.Dinosaurs are used to in a completely different world and would find difficulty living here.word部分：请做：6课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块