1、句子成分和基本句型一、句子成分概述：句子是表达思想的基本单位。句子成分是指在句中起着不同语法作用的部分。英语的句子成分(sentence elements)主要有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)等。观察例句黑体部分在句中作什么成分？1The early bird catches the worm.宾语2They are Chinese travelling abroad.表语3In the morning we often hear the birds singing merrily.宾语补语4She bought her child
2、a storybook.间接宾语；直接宾语5There is a picture on the wall.主语6The manager asked the college student to come in.谓语7Girls prefer to see women doctors.定语8Light travels most quickly.状语归纳用法1主语(subject)：指句子所谈论的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。We work five days a week.我们一周工作五天。To persuade her to change her mind is really very har
3、d.说服她改变主意确实很难。2谓语(verb)：指谓语部分的主要动词，另外，主要动词前的情态动词和助动词也被视为谓语的组成部分，通常说明主语发出的动作或主语的特征和状态。The child could dress himself at the age of three.这个小孩三岁就会自己穿衣服了。The flower is very beautiful.这朵花很漂亮。3宾语(object)：通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。The old man gav
4、e the child some nice books.老人给了这个孩子一些好书。I will buy a new coat for my mother.我要给妈妈买一件外套。4补语(complement)：补语分为主语补语(subject complement)和宾语补语(object complement)，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。The young man was caught smoking in the kitchen.有人撞见那个年轻人在厨房里吸烟。Later I found that person very critical.后来我发现那个人非常挑剔。5状语(adve
5、rbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。The boss tried to treat all the employees equally.这位老板尽量对所有员工一视同仁。Fortunately，the children were found near the village.幸运的是，这些孩子在村子附近被找到了。6表语(predicative)：指连系动词be，become，feel，get，look，seem等后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征或状态。The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长。It is amazing that
6、the little child can speak four languages.这个小孩会说四种语言，真令人惊讶。7定语(attributive)：指修饰名词或代词的词语，有前置(在被修饰的名/代词前)和后置(在被修饰的名/代词后)两种位置。There are various goods in this supermarket.这个超市里有各种各样的货物。The programme is something to do with the environment.这是一个环境类节目。即学即练1分析下列句子成分1. to 主语谓语宾语状语2. 主语定语系动词表语3. 谓语宾语状语4. 主语谓语
7、宾语宾补状语5. 状语主语谓语主补二、基本句型概述：按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫作简单句。简单句有八种基本句型。观察例句下列句子属于什么句型？1Everyone breathes，drinks and eats.主谓2Tom can speak Chinese.主谓宾3My brothers are all college students.主系表4My sister told me a story.主谓宾宾5We find the book interesting.主谓宾补6My parents live in
8、Beijing.主谓状7I looked at them in panic.主谓宾状8There are many trees around our school.存现句归纳用法1主谓：主语谓语(SV)在该句型中，谓语是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思，后面不能接宾语。The rain stopped.雨停了。The moon rose.月亮升起来了。2主系表：主语连系动词表语(SVP)在该句型中，主语后必须是连系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词及表语从句等。 The water feels hot.这水摸着热。The girls favorite sub
9、ject is biology.这个女孩最喜欢的科目是生物学。3主谓宾：主语谓语宾语(SVO)在该句型中，谓语是及物动词或及物短语动词(不及物动词介词)，后面必须接宾语才能表达完整的意思。充当宾语的通常是名词、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)及宾语从句等。A small boy opened the door.一个小男孩把门打开了。He has been looking for you.他一直在找你。4主谓宾宾：主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)在该句型中，谓语是及物动词，后接两个宾语，通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。当把直接宾语放到间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前应加适当的介词。W
10、e decided to teach him a lesson.我们决定给他一个教训。He bought a new coat for me.他给我买了一件新外套。5主谓宾补：主语谓语宾语宾语补语(SVOC)在该句型中，谓语是及物动词，后面接宾语和宾语补语。充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)等。The news made us very sad.那个消息令我们非常难过。I saw him standing there.我看见他正站在那里。6主谓状：主语谓语状语(SVA)在该句型中，谓语是不及物动词，充当状语的是副词、介词短语、状语从句等。John and Jane
11、 are arguing again.约翰和简又争论起来了。We have to wait until the rain stops.我们不得不等到雨停。7主谓宾状：主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)在该句型中，谓语可以是及物动词或及物动词短语，后接宾语，充当状语的是副词、介词短语等。She looked after her sister patiently while she was ill.妹妹生病时，她耐心照料。The young man solved the problem so properly.那个年轻人妥善地解决了这个问题。8存现句：常见的是引导词there引导的句子。There ar
12、e a lot of nice flowers in front of the building.楼前有很多好看的花。即学即练2判断下列句子属于何种句型1We are making our country more and more beautiful.S V O C2That kind of thing wont happen.S V3The machine is drilling a hole.S V O4That looks like an interesting book.S V P5He lost the money on his way home.S V O A6Mr Wang t
13、eaches us English.S V IO DO7There are times when your heart is not in your work.存现句8Six months passed quickly.S V A.用所给句型翻译下列句子1我每天起得很早。(SVA)I get up very early every day.2今天下午我想和你谈谈。(SVOA)I want to talk with you this afternoon.3奶奶给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(SVIODO) Grandma told me an interesting story.4我要你把真相告诉我。
14、(SVOC) I want you to tell me the truth.5这个报告听起来很有意思。(SVP)The report sounds interesting.6汤姆已经离开了。(SV)Tom has left.7我们完成了作业。(SVO)We have finished our homework.8在拐角处有一家餐馆。(存现句)There is a restaurant around the corner.短文语法填空This morning I went to 1. the English corner in the park near my home.It has been
15、 three years since it 2. was founded (found)Many middle school 3. students(student) as well as foreigners took part in the activity.People there practiced 4. speaking (speak) English by talking about something 5. interesting (interest)People also exchanged the experience 6. in English learning.I thought it was a good chance for me to use 7. what I had learned in my English class.I 8.felt (feel) very cool after I got back home.In the future Ill try my best 9.to learn(learn) English better，for it is so 10. widely (wide) used in the world.