1、Section Extreme Sports & Marco Polo根据提示写出下列单词1_n相似性，类似性2_adv. 确切地，精确地3_vt. 冒危险4_adj. 不同的，各种各样的5_vi. 流动，涌出6_adj. 枯燥无味的；暗淡的7_vt. 使惊愕(惊奇)8_vt. 使困惑9_n. 口述；听写10_n. 陈述11_n. 量，数量12_n. 教授【答案】1.similarity2.exactly3.risk 4various5.flow6.dull7.amaze8.confuse9.dictation10.statement11.quantity12.professor根据提示补全下
2、列短语1in order _目的是，以便2upside _ 颠倒地，倒置地3turn _ 出现；把声音调大4_ turn 轮流5get _ 使理解(某事)6break _ (坏事)突然发生，爆发7stand _ 坚持(某种说法)8back _ 决定不履行(允诺的事)9put._ prison 把关进监狱10do trade _ 与做生意【答案】1.to2.down3.up4.in5.across6out7.by8.out9.into10.with根据提示补全下列教材原句1When I turned up for my first jump I was so_nervous_that I tri
3、ed to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。2But it is worth waiting for.但这是很值得等待的。3Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。阅读P26课文，选择最佳
4、选项1Marco Polo and his father travelled to China because _Athey wanted to live in ChinaBthey wanted to enjoy the places of interest in ChinaCthey wanted to do trade with ChineseDthey were forced to leave their own country2Why was the Emperor impressed by Marco Polo?ABecause Marco Polo was quite cleve
5、r.BBecause Marco Polo was very powerful.CBecause Marco Polo could speak four languages.DBoth A and C.3Which of the following statements is TRUE?AMarco was especially impressed by the Emperors Palace.BThe Chinese used gold and silver besides paper money in the markets.CThe black stones were coal in f
6、act.DAfter Marco returned to Italy，a war broke out between Italy and another country.4Who wrote the book The Description of the World?AMarco Polo.BAnother prisoner Marco met in prison.CMarco and his father.DMarco and another prisoner Marco met in prison.【答案】14CDCB阅读P26课文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式
7、Marco traveled across Europe and Asia with his father，1._wanted to do trade 2._the Chinese.The Emperor 3._(impress)by Marcos 4._(clever)and they became friends.Marco was 5._(amaze)by how beautiful and 6._(power)China was.Marco was surprised at Chinese 7._(invent) and developments.Marco was put into
8、prison when he returned to Italy.The prisoner who enjoyed 8._(listen)to his stories about China，wrote a book 9._(call) The Description of The World.People enjoyed his book 10._some didnt believe his stories about China.【答案】1.who2.with3.was impressed 4cleverness5.amazed6.powerful7.inventions 8listeni
9、ng9.called10.but in order to do sth.目的是，以便(教材P24)People do extreme sports in order to feel excited.人们做极限运动是为了感到兴奋。(1)in order to和so as to跟动词原形，此时不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。一般情况下，so as to结构不放在句首。(2)so that和in order that常与情态动词can，could，may，might，will，would连用，引导目的状语从句。so that和in order that引导目的状语从句时，如果主句主语与从句主
10、语一致，也可以换成so as to do/in order to do或to do。so that 还可引导结果状语从句，写法上可以是so.that.，表“如此以致”。Im making a note of it in order not to forget it.为了记住，我正在把它记下来。My son hopes to graduate in law so as to become a lawyer.我的儿子希望在大学攻读法律以便毕业成为律师。We shall make you know the details in order that you can make your arrange
11、ments.我们会让你知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。 similarity n. 相似性，类似性(教材P24)Snowboarding has similarities with surfing.单板滑雪和冲浪运动有相似性。(1)A be similar to BA与B相似A be the same as B A与B相同A be different from B A与B不同(2)similarity between. 之间的相似处similarity in 在某方面相似之处The similarity between the two stories suggests Lowry wrote
12、them both.两个故事类似，表明两篇都是洛利写的。My problems are very similar to yours.我的问题和你的差不多。 risk vt. 冒的危险 n. 危险What makes people risk their lives to do them？是什么让人们冒着生命危险去从事这些活动呢？(1)risk doing.冒险做risk ones health/life 以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险(2)at risk(in danger) 处于危险中at the risk of(doing). 可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)的危险at all risks 无论如何
13、run/take a risk/risks 冒险run/take the risk of(doing).冒(做)的危险They knew they risked being arrested.他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。If you dont obey me，you should be at your own risk.你如果不服从我的话，你应该自担风险。We dont want to run the risk of losing(lose) their business.我们不想冒险失去他们的生意。 various adj. 各种各样的You can find all these in th
14、e various extreme sports.你可以在各种各样的极限运动中找到所有这些(1)variety n种类，多样性a variety ofvarieties of 种种的；各种各样的(2)vary v. 不同；改变vary from.to. 由到不等vary with 随变化vary in 在方面变化The young boy has a variety of hobbies，such as listening to classical music and painting.那个小男孩有各种各样的爱好，诸如听古典音乐和绘画。Demands for certain products
15、vary with the season.对某些产品的需求随季节的变化而变化。The weather varied from very cold to quite mild.天气变化很大，会从很冷变得相当暖和。 turn up 出现；到场；开大；调高音量(教材P25)When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。turn aroun
16、d/round转身turn down 调小；拒绝turn out 证明是；结果是turn to 转向；求助于，查阅turn over 翻转；移交turn in 上交turn into 变成I thanked him for the offer but turned it down.我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.她原来是我姐姐的朋友。语境助记She turned over and went to sleep again.Then her mother turned round to turn down
17、 the TV.她翻了一下身又睡着了。她母亲转身把电视音量调小了。 get across(使)理解(某事)(教材P25)Its difficult to get across how exciting it is!这项运动激动人心的程度真是难以言表。get about四处走动get around 传播get through 接通电话；通过(考试)get off 下车get along with 相处，进展get down to(doing) 开始认真做get over 克服How are you getting along with your spoken report？你的口头报告准备得怎么
18、样了？I tried to telephone you but I couldnt get through我设法打电话给你，但是打不通。Thats enough fun and games! Lets get down to work.别再玩儿了！ 咱们安下心来工作吧。 in turn轮流，依次；反过来(教材P26)Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。take turns to do sth./(at)doing sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn to
19、 do sth. 轮到某人做某事take ones turn 依次，轮到某人by turns 轮流，依次You cant all do it together；youll have to take turns.你们不能全体一齐上，你们得轮流做。We did the work by_turns我们是轮流做这项工作的。 amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)(教材P26)Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。(1)amazing adj.令人惊异的(2)amazed adj.
20、 感到惊奇的(3)amazement n. 惊奇；惊诧to ones amazement 令某人惊奇的是in amazementwith amazement 惊讶地It is amazing that she should have said nothing about the murder.令人惊奇的是她竟然对这桩凶杀案不置一词。To my amazement(amaze)，they seemed amazed at the amazing(amaze) news，and looked at me in amazement.让我吃惊的是，他们听到这个令人惊讶的消息时似乎大吃一惊，并惊讶地看着
21、我。 【导学号：81152014】 confuse vt. 使困惑(教材P26)He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.他也对人们用黑色的石头作燃料感到困惑。(1)confuse A with/and B把A和B相混淆(2)confused adj. 困惑的，不解的be confused by. 对感到困惑confusing adj. 令人困惑的(3)confusion n. 困惑，不解in confusion 困惑地，迷茫地Its wrong to confuse wealth with ha
22、ppiness.把财富和幸福混为一谈是错误的。The instructions on the box are very confusing(confuse)盒子上的说明让人不解。I am still confused about the reason why they did so.我还是对他们为什么这样做感到迷惑不解。语境助记The confusing question made him confused and he looked at me in confusion.这个令人迷惑的问题把他弄糊涂了，他困惑地看着我。 break out (坏事)突然发生；爆发(教材P26)Not long
23、 after his return，a local war broke out near his town.他返回之后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。break in强行闯入；打断break up 破碎；解散；分手break down 出故障；垮掉break through 突破；冲破Your health will break down if you work too hard.太劳累的话，你的身体会垮的。He broke in with some ideas of his own.他插嘴讲了自己的一些想法。Scientists say they are beginning to
24、break through in the fight against cancer.科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。 quantity n. 数量；量(教材P27)He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.他来到一个大量生产钢铁的城市。quantity and quality数量和质量a large/small quantity of 大/少量的quantities of 大量，许多的in quantity/quantities 大量地，很多A large/vast quantity of beer w
25、as sold.售出了大量的啤酒。Quantities of food were(be) spread out on the table.许多食品被摊放在桌子上。名师点津quantity的单复数“a quantity ofn.”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词在数上保持一致。而(large) quantities of修饰的无论是可数(单数或复数)还是不可数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。.语境填词1There was a wonderful _(similar) between the twins.2A great _(vary)of flowers were sh
26、own in the park.3In our phone interview she told me her _(amaze)story. 【导学号：81152015】4The room was in _(confuse)after the birthday party.5Parents should not show _(prefer) for any one of their children.【答案】1.similarity2.variety3.amazing 4confusion5.preference.完成句子1他必须拼命工作以养活他的大家庭。He must work very h
27、ard _2他教我如何把自己的观点表达清楚。He taught me how to _3大量的新书几天之内就卖完了。Great quantities of new books _ in a few days.4起火的时候，一切似乎都很正常。Everything seemed quite regular _【答案】1.in order to support his large family2get my ideas across3.were sold out4.when the fire broke out (教材P25)But its_worth_waiting for.但是这值得等。【要点提
28、炼】句中be worth doing“值得做”，常用主动表示被动。I dont think this film is worth seeing.我认为这部电影不值得一看。The coat is worth 200 yuan.这件上衣值200元。明辨异同worth，worthy，worthwhileworth只能作表语，后常接名词或动名词worthy作定语时指“有地位的，有价值的”；作表语时，构成be worthy ofn./be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done结构worthwhile可作定语或表语，作定语时指“值得花时间(钱，努力等)去做的”
29、；作表语时，常用it作形式主语，构成It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.结构The article is worthy of careful study.The article is_worthy_of_being_studied carefully.The article is_worthy_to_be_studied carefully.It_is_worthwhile_studying/to_study the article carefully.这篇文章值得仔细研究。 【导学号：81152016】 (教材P26)Although people e
30、njoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。【要点提炼】句中的too.to.表示“太而不能”。too.to结构并不都表示否定，下列情况中的too.to表示肯定意义。(1)too.to.与not或never连用时，不定式为肯定意义。not/never too.to.意为“无论也不过分，越越好”。(2)too.to.前面有only，but，all时，only too，bu
31、t too和all too相当于very，后面的不定式也表示肯定。(3)当too.to.用来修饰表示态度、情绪、倾向等的形容词(如 anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing)时，不定式为肯定意义。Its never too careful to cross the road.过马路时越小心越好。Ill be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。He is too willing to_follow(follow) others advice.他极愿意接
32、受别人的意见。完成句子1这个建议值得考虑。It is worthwhile _2这个计划值得再讨论一次。This plan is worth _3他太年轻，不能到美国去深造。He is_America for advanced study.【答案】1.to consider this suggestion2discussing again3.too young to be sent to限定制定语从句和非限制性定语从句阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1He travelled across Europe and Asia with his father，who wanted to do tra
33、de with the Chinese.2The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World，which became one of the bestselling books in Europe.3At about 3：00 in the afternoon，we came to the village，whose scenery was really beautiful.4He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperors pala
34、ce，especially the Summer Palace which he described as“The greatest palace that ever was.”5Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories.6The man(that/who/whom) you meet at the school gate is Toms uncle.一限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述1限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发
35、生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。2非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。He has two sisters，who are working in the city.他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1标点的运用有所不同限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性
36、定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个女孩是谁？He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。2从句的作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。The next day，my brothe
37、r and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。Alice received a letter from her previous classmate，which came as a surprise.艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。3关系词的选用不同限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引
38、导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan.(which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。He didnt give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达，He didnt give the reason，for which he was
39、absent from the meeting held last week.4从句所修饰的先行词有所不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。5关系词的省略不同在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中
40、可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。I still remember the days we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/which)She is not the one(that) she used to be.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语)6英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。Which is the machine that we used last Sun
41、day?上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember，g
42、uess, hope等句意上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。
43、.单句语法填空1Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.2The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.3Im sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier，for_，I must say，I apologize.4Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life_they
44、 arent content with their parents.5He was educated at the local high school，after_he went on to Peking University.【答案】1.which2.whose3.which4.when5.which.单句改错1We walked down the village street，which the villagers were having market day._2Which can be seen from his face，he is quite pleased._3A young man had a new girlfriend，that he wanted to impress._4All the books，that have beautiful pictures in them，were written by them. 【导学号：81152017】_5He has found the book that he was looking for it._【答案】1.whichwhere2.WhichAs3.thatwho/whom4.thatwhich5.去掉it