1、第三课时 语法课一、教学内容:Discovering useful structures (p. 5); Using structures (p. 42-43)二、教学目标:1能力目标在本节课结束时,学生能够l 结合教材中的例句和语法知识归纳出直接引语和间接引语互换的规律。l 根据直接引语和间接引语的转换规律完成句式互换练习。l 在适当的语境中运用间接引语对他人的语言进行复述或转述。2目标语言l 重点词汇和短语get tired of, pack up, suitcasel 语法项目:直接引语和间接引语三、教学步骤:步骤一 导入1 教师邀请一个学生扮演Anne,以第一人称讲述Anne的故事。教
2、师告诉全班自己将转述该学生的故事,让全班学生注意听故事的内容以及所转述的内容。例如:Student A: My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.Teacher: She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish.Student A: My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam. Teacher: She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam.Student A
3、: My only true friend is Kittymy diary. Teacher: She said that her only true friend was Kittyher diary. Student A: After hiding here for a long time, Ive become crazy about nature. Teacher: She said that after hiding there for a long time, she had become crazy about nature.2 引导学生回顾刚才Anne的自述与老师的复述,让学
4、生分辨直接引语和间接引语的句式。设计意图:以复习阅读篇章内容的形式引入本节课将学的语法内容最直接,也最自然,教师不必花心思找其他话题或方法引入本节课。由学生叙述故事,教师复述故事直观地呈现了直接引语和间接引语在日常交际中不同的功能和意义。步骤二 直接引语和间接引语的学习1小组活动一:分析例句,找出直接引语和间接引语的具体变化1) 让学生独立观察教材Discovering useful structures部分的练习1中的几组例句,尝试自己发现并归纳直接引语和间接引语互换时会发生什么方面的变化。2) 学生两人一小组分别对自己的发现进行讨论,补充并总结。教师可给予适当的提示,如变化的类型包括:ve
5、rb tenses, pronoun forms, word order, adverbial of time, some verbs等。3) 教师请个别小组发表意见,并与学生一同将练习1中每个例句的具体变化归纳成表格,写在黑板上。(如下表)GroupSentence structureTensePronoun1Direct SpeechDeclarativePresentFirst personIndirect Speechsay/tell that + clausePastThird person2Direct SpeechInterrogativePresentFirst personI
6、ndirect Speechask whether/if + statementPastThird person3Direct SpeechSpecial InterrogativePresentSecond personIndirect SpeechPastThird person4Direct SpeechSpecial InterrogativePastSecond personIndirect SpeechPast PerfectThird person2小组活动二:归纳直接引语和间接引语互换的规则1) 老师给出五种句式的直接引语和间接引语的例句,让学生观察,并尝试归纳直接引语和间接引
7、语互换的规则: 2) 让学生在限定时间内迅速阅读课本的语法附录(见P8790)进行自主学习。3) 把全班分成四大组,每大组给一个任务。每4名学生一小组,同一大组的小组任务相同。老师分发表格给每小组,让组内学生合作完成他们自己的任务。老师给出填写的六个任务是:Sentence structure, Tense, Pronoun, Adverbial of time, Adverbial of place and verb。4) 分别请四大组的个别小组呈现他们的填写结果(使用投影仪),老师现场进行点评或纠正。5) 让学生合并各大组的内容,合成一份完整的直接引语和间接引语规则的归纳表。3归纳直接引语
8、和间接引语互换的特殊情况1)老师提供四个直接引语的例句,让学生变为间接引语,并请个别学生在黑板上做。CaseDirect SpeechIndirect SpeechA truthHe said, “The earth goes around the sun.”TimetableHe said, “The train leaves at 7:30 p.m.”A saying/proverb/quotationHe said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”An adverbial indicating the pastTom said, “I was born in Ju
9、ly, 1978.”2) 老师与全班核对黑板上的答案,提问:这4个句子有哪些共同点?3)让学生尝试归纳直接引语和间接引语特殊情况的互换规则,老师做最后小结。小结:当直接引语阐述的是客观真理(a truth)、现在习惯动作、时刻表(timetable)、格言(a saying/proverb/quotation)和过去的时间状语( Adverbial indicating the past)时,在变间接引语时,时态不变。设计意图:以两人/四人小组活动形式学习语法,有利于学生在活动中体验而后享受与同学合作带来的成功喜悦,使学习更有趣,因此在此环节里,设计了让学生独立思考、二人小组观察和讨论、四人小
10、组完成表格填写任务等形式不同的活动,变沉闷语法课为有生气的学生学习合作活动课,提高了课堂教学的有效性。活动一是让学生观察练习里的几组直接引语和间接引语互换的例句并找出它们的不同处,由于难度不大,所以先让学生独立思考、观察例句,才安排两人小组讨论并收集个人思考结果,有助于学生互相帮助共同完成任务。活动二是让学生根据五种句式的直接引语和间接引语例句,归纳它们互换的变化规则。此活动特意安排学生在短时间里自学语法知识,目的是培养和提高学生自主学习的能力。活动三是让全班学生分工合作完成直接引语和间接引语规则的归纳表格。把大任务分成小任务让学生完成,把难度降低之外,也培养了学生的观察、归纳、合作能力,学生
11、非常乐意这种合作性强的学习活动,从而提高了学习的有效性。步骤三 直接引语和间接引语的练习1 让学生完成笔头Discovering useful structures部分的练习2。1) 在学生动笔前,教师可利用幻灯片把句子中需要变化的词划出。2)老师核对答案并点评。2角色扮演1)让学生阅读教材第五页的练习3的要求,浏览天气预报表。然而请一名学生扮grandmother,老师扮grandchild,为全班做对话示范。2)让学生二人小组合作,互换角色完成对话。设计意图:此环节是上一环节理论学习的延伸,即实践。活动一是笔头练习,利用课本现有练习检测学生学习的效果,让学生做练习前把需要变化的词划线,能帮
12、助粗心学生减少错误,也培养了做习题的良好习惯。活动二的口头练习,也是利用课本现有材料,巩固学生对直接引语和间接引语的掌握情况,也为学生的交际活动创设了较为真实的交际空间。*3小组游戏(选做)学生三人一组做游戏。教师提供给每个小组一张纸,纸上列有六到八个问题。学生A根据自己的实际情况回答纸上的第一个问题,学生B向学生C发问:What did he/she say? 学生C将学生A的回答转述,转述时要使用间接引语。然后三人互换角色。参考问题如下:l What is your name?l When were you born?l How long have you lived in this ci
13、ty?l What do you usually do in your spare time?l Who is your best friend?l How are you getting along with your family? 在游戏开始前,教师可选取两个学生为全班做示范。如:Q: When were you born?S1: I was born on July 5th.S2: What did he say?T: He said he was born on July 5th. 步骤四 小结和作业1使用间接引语复述安妮的另一篇日记(WB P.42 Ex.1.2)。2复习本节课所学
14、的直接引语和间接引语的语法规 则。设计意图:给学生布置复述作业的目的就是让学生在复述过程中运用本节课知识,巩固学习内容。注:附录1和2教师可以作为资料发给学生,供学生课后复习用。附录1:Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechSentence structureDeclarativeSay/ tell sb. (that) +clauseInterrogativeAsk/wonder whether/if+ statement orderSpecial InterrogativeAsk/wonder + wh-word +statement orderInterrogative
15、Ask/tell/order sb.(not) to doExplanativeTell sb. What/how + statement orderTensePresentPastPastPast perfectPresent perfectPast perfectPast perfectPast perfectPresent continuousPast continuousFuturePast futurePronounFirst personThird personSecond personFirst or third personThis /TheseThat / ThoseAdve
16、rbial of timeNowThenTodayThat dayYesterdayThe day beforeThis week/month/yearThat week/month/yearLast week/month/yearThe week/month/year beforeThree days agoThree days beforeTomorrowThe next day/ the following dayAdverbial of placeHereThereThis placeThat placeThese placesThose placesVerbComeGoBringTa
17、keBorrowLend附录2:CaseDirect SpeechIndirect Speecha truthHe said, “The earth goes around the sun.”He said that the earth goes around the sun.TimetableHe said, “The train leaves at 7:30 p.m.”He said that the train leaves at 7:30 p.m.A saying/proverb/quotationHe said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”He said that Rome isnt built in a day.An adverbial indicating the pastTom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”Tom said he was born in July, 1978.