1、Module 2 The RenaissanceSection Grammar&Writing第一板块单元语法复习非谓语动词 1(教材 P16)It is believed _(be)the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.2(教材 P16)_(paint)by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 15031506,the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.3(教材 P16)Th
2、is meant that people had money _(spend)on the arts;and it became easier for artists _(find)people who could afford _(buy)their works or employ them.to be Painted to spend to find to buy 4 (教 材P16)Painters discovered how _(use)perspective and the effects of light.5 (教 材 P16)Architects preferred _(des
3、ign)buildings with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages.6(教材 P17)After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little value _(compare)with the greatness of God,philosophers began _(ask)questions like“Wha
4、t is a person？”or“Why am I here？”to use designing asking compared 非谓语动词是指在句中不能充当谓语，而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。一、非谓语动词的形式时态形式主动式被动式意义一般式to doto be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing/不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生不定式完成式 to havedoneto havebeen done不定式的动作发生在
5、句中谓语动词的动作之前一般式doingbeingdone其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生-ing形式完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生-ed形式一般式/done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成二、非谓语动词的句法功能 作用种类 主语宾语表语定语状语补语动词不定式动名词现在分词过去分词1.不定式和动名词作主语表示泛指意义的行为时，多用动名词作主语；表示具体的行为或将来的行为，多用动词不定式作主语。不定式和动名词作主语时谓语动词都用单数。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it 作形式主语。(浙江卷)No matter
6、 how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better to remain silent.不论你是多么健谈的一个人，有些时候保持沉默会更好。(浙江卷)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。温馨提示一般情况下，it 作形式主语时，真正的主语是不定式，但下列结构中，it 作形式主语时用动名词作真正主语：It i
7、s no good/not any good/no use/not any use/a waste of time/worth doing.Its no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。2不定式、动名词和分词作表语(1)不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是 aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice 等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为 what 引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是
8、将来当一名医生。What I want to do most in senior high is(to)improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。My job is cleaning the house three times a week.我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。(3)现 在 分 词(如 interesting,exciting,moving,puzzling,surprising 等)作表语一般表示事物的性质、特征，意为“令人的”；过去分词(如 interested,e
9、xcited,moved,puzzled,surprised 等)作表语多用来修饰人或表示人的心理状态的名词，意为“(某人)感到的”。Everyone was excited on hearing the good news.听到这个好消息每个人都很兴奋。The news sounds exciting.这个消息听起来令人激动。3不定式和动名词作宾语(1)只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail(未能),pretend,manage,determ
10、ine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen(碰巧)等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant,waiting to be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。(2)只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit,avoid,consider,escape(避开),imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel like,give up,put off,object to,look forward to 等。此 外，have d
11、ifficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.；have fun(in)doing sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前被给予出国学习的机会。(陕西卷)Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim?今天很热。你想去游泳吗？(3)接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：try to do 尽力做；try doing 试着去做；mean to do 打算做；m
12、ean doing 意味着；regret to do 遗憾要去做；regret doing 后悔做过；remember to do 记得去做；remember doing 记得做过；forget to do 忘记去做；forget doing 忘记做了I remembered to lock the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。4不定式和分词作补足语(1)不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。常用不定式作宾补的动
13、词(短语)：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,call on,depend on 等。(山东卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving,we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。(江西卷)Hav
14、ing finished her project,she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。温馨提示(1)有些动词，如 think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,understand 等后常用 to be 作宾补或主补。(2)在 sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done 结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。Chinese people are c
15、onsidered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(江西卷)He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。(2)分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,
16、hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch 等。(湖南卷)Listen!Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep 等。(陕西卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Afri
17、ca,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。温馨提示感官动词(see,watch,observe,hear,notice 等)和使役动词(have,make,let)后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号 to,但在变为被动结构时，省略的 to则必须加上(let 和 have 除外)。5不定式和分词作定语(1)不定式作定语不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之
18、间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写下它的纸。序数词，形容词最高级，the last,the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不
19、定式作定语。常见名词：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way 等。(辽宁卷)And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。(湖南卷)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。温馨提示不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子
20、的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。Have you got anything to buy?你有什么东西要买吗？(you 是 buy 的执行者)I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought?我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you 不是 buy 的执行者)(2)分词作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；
21、当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。(2016浙江卷)To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.回到水污染这个问题，我想让你看看 2012 年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。(北京卷)Last night,there were millions of people watchingthe openi
22、ng ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。6不定式和分词作状语(1)不定式作状语表示结果、目的或原因(表原因只用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。(2018北京卷)During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together to share a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。(四川卷)Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to
23、 find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(辽宁卷)We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。(2)分词一般作时间、原因、伴随、结果、方式等状语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致；现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系；过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。(2018江苏卷)Ar
24、ound 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,exceeding the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.在这期间，大约创造 13 500 个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的 12 000 的预期数量。(2018北京卷)Ordinary soap,used correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。温馨提示(1)部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种
25、状态。常见的有：located(坐落于),lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦的),faced with(面对着)。(2)有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文 的 影 响，称 作 独 立 成 分。常 考 的 有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking,talking of,speaking of,judging from/by,taking everything into considerat
26、ion,compared to/with;to be frank,to tell(you)the truth,to be honest,to make things worse 等。(天津卷)Absorbed in painting,John didnt notice eveningapproaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。.单句语法填空1(2018天津卷)I didnt mean _(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _(try)it.2(2017天津卷)The hosp
27、ital has recently obtained new medical equipment,_(allow)more patients to be treated.3(2017北京卷)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time _(spend)with his students.to eat trying allowing spent 4(2017天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train _(catch)5(2017北京卷)Ma
28、ny airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online(save)their valuable time.6(山东卷)There is a note pinned to the door _(say)when the shop will open again.7(2019江苏卷)_(enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones.to catch to save sayingTo
29、 enjoy 8My wish is _(join)the army after graduation,which is also my fathers dream.9Mrs.White found her husband _(surround)by letters and papers and looking very worried.10(2019天津卷)_(learn)to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.to join surrounded Learning.
30、单句改错1(2017北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife,ranged from butterflies to elephants._2From then on,I devoted more time to play the piano because I firmly believe that practice makes perfect._3Watch the flag rising in the brilliant sun,we were quite excited and proud of our mother
31、land._rangedranging playplaying WatchWatching 4Seeing them are working so hard on such a cold morning,I was moved and made up my mind to do something for them._5Since the director wants us settle the matter as soon as possible,we now have to work it out._去掉are settle前加to.语法与写作1当你经过邮局时，别忘了替我把这封信寄出去。D
32、ont _ when you pass the post office.2一次做两件事等于什么也不做。_ at a time is_.3他提醒我别忘了明天的会议。He reminded me _ tomorrow.forget to post the letter for me To do two things to do neither not to forget the meeting 4为了通过考试，他甚至深夜还在努力学习。_，he worked hard even at deep night.5车辆噪音很大，我无法让人听到我的声音。I couldnt _ above the noise
33、 of the traffic.To/In order to pass the exam make myself heard 第二板块单元写作写日记文体感知日记作为一种常见的应用文形式，主要是用来记录作者近日经历的事情，在此基础上，作者还要发表自己对这件事情的看法和理解，这样才能突出写日记的本质所在。要写好英文日记，需要注意以下几点：1.格式要正确：时间通常写在正文的左上角。它们的写作顺序必须符合英文习惯，如 December 8th,2020,Tuesday。天气情况应该写在正文的右上角；2.文体要口语化：因为日记是写给自己看的，其内容多是记述自己亲身经历的事或抒发自己的感情等，所以用第一人
34、称写，文体也不必过于正式；3.时态多用过去时态：但当表示习惯性动作、客观事实、普遍真理、名言或谚语时，可以使用一般现在时；当发表自己的感想、打算、期望或决心时，可以使用一般将来时。增分佳句1Today is September 1.It is a fine day.23Today,we paid a visit to the Great Wall.4The food and the drink were very delicious!We stayed there for about four hours.5We had such a good time that we didnt reali
35、ze it was very late.6Generally speaking,having a trip can relax ourselves and make us appreciate the beauty of nature.7Everyone enjoyed themselves so much.8Although tired,I had the most exciting day in my life.9I hope it wont be long before we have another chance to get together.10We had a good time
36、 today.I hope that we will have another trip soon.写作要求假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，为纪念学雷锋日，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。注意：1日记的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；2词数 100 左右。Saturday,June 2FineThis morning,审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题记一次学雷锋活动时态一般过去时人称第一人称词汇推敲看起来困惑看地图急需帮助领他们去车站挥手告别答案：look puzzled read a map/study
37、 a map be in desperate need of help lead them to the stop wave sb.good-bye遣词造句今天早上，我走在大街上，看见两名游客在看地图。他们看上去很困惑。(普通表达)This morning,I was walking on the street and saw two travelers reading a map.They looked rather puzzled.(高级表达)_(用 时 间状语从句和分词短语作状语升级)This morning,when I was walking on the street,I saw
38、two travelers reading a map,looking rather puzzled.我带领他们去了附近的车站，建议他们乘坐第 20 路公共汽车。汽车将直接带他们去那里。(普通表达)I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take the No.20 bus.It would take them there directly.(高级表达)_(用非限制性定语从句升级)I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take the No.20 bus,w
39、hich would take them there directly.妙笔成篇Saturday,June 2FineThis morning,One possible version：Saturday，June 2FineThis morning,when I was walking on the street,I saw two travelers reading a map,looking rather puzzled.It seemed apparent that they were lost and were in desperate need of help.So I went u
40、p to them and asked if I could help them.They told me that they had intended to visit the Temple of Heaven.However,they were new tothe area so they couldnt find the correct route.As a native of Beijing,I am quite familiar with the route.So I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take t
41、he No.20 bus,which would take them there directly.They appreciated my help greatly,saying thanks again and again.Before long the bus came.I waved them good-bye and wished them a good trip.Seeing the smile on their faces,I felt happy,for I could do what Lei Feng had ever done.word部分：请做：课时作业练能力练规范点此进入该word板块