1、专题八 动词的时态与语态【高频考点解读】从历年高考试题看，涉及时态和语态的题目最多，且每年题目数量相对稳定。测试重点主要是以下几个方面：1注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系，正确理解时间概念，如是现在、过去还是将来，是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。2遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维。3把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的
2、热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。4考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。【热点题型】题型一 考查几种易混时态 例1、 (2013四川，3)Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ for us!Awaits Bwas waiting Cwaited Dis waiting【提分秘籍】高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析 1一般现在时与现在进行时(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作，常伴随使用usually，often，seldom等频度副词；
3、现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，常跟now，at present等时间状语。He usually writes a lot of letters，but he isnt writing at present.他经常写许多信，但他现在没在写。(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时，不能用现在进行时。The Earth goes around the Sun.地球绕着太阳转。2一般过去时与过去进行时(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小说(可能没看
4、完)。I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。(2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作，过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。Did he ask questions?他提问题了吗？He was asking questions all the time.他始终在提问题。(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。
5、He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事)。(4)过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，一般过去时表示当时临时发生的短暂性动作。When I was pouring the tea，I dropped a cup.我在倒茶的时候，失手打了一个茶杯。 (2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间，可与so far，up to now，lately，ever since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用，但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关
6、的某一过去时间。I havent seen the film yet.我还没看过这部影片(到目前为止)。I saw the film the day before yesterday.我前天看的这部电影(表明看电影的时间是在前天)。4过去完成时与一般过去时(1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用；即使没有时间状语，根据具体的语言环境，我们也可以作出明确的判断。(2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示在过去某时刻之前发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同，一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言，过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的，即“过去的过去”。5一般将来时与将来进行时一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要
7、发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。She is sixteen， who will be seventeen next year.她十六岁，明年将十七岁。What will you be doing at this time next Monday?下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢？6现在完成时与现在完成进行时(1)现在完成时侧重结果，强调动作到现在为止已经结束；现在完成进行时侧重动作本身，不涉及后果，动作可能仍在继续。如：I have read the book.(已读完)I have been reading the book.(仍在继续)(2
8、)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：Have you been meeting her lately？(经常相见)Have you met her lately？(不重复发生)(3)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩；而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(显然是在表扬玛丽)Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只说明一个事实)【举一反三】(201
9、3安徽，24)Im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?Aadvertised Bhad advertised Care advertising Dwill advertise 【热点题型】题型二 被动语态例2、 Mum，I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. Aget paidBgot paidChave paidDhad been paid 【提分秘籍】1被动语态的构
10、成英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 2.主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况(1)英语中有很多动词，如break，catch，clean，drive，look，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily，well等副词连用。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。The sign read
11、s as follows.这牌子告示如下。This material wont wear.这种材料不耐穿。The machine runs well.这种机器运转良好。特别提醒：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。(2)表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sound，taste，look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理。(3)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被
12、动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修理。(4)在某些“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame/let也属于主动形式表被动意义。Who is to blame for th
13、e mistake?谁应为这个错误接受谴责？The houses are to let.这些房子有待出租。(6)介词in，on，under等名词构成介词短语表被动意义。表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：under control受控制；under treatment在治疗中；under repair在修理中；under discussion在讨论中；under construction在施工中；beyond belief令人难以置信；beyond ones reach鞭长莫及；beyond ones contr
14、ol无法控制；beyond our hope我们始料不及；for sale出售；for rent出租；in print在印刷中；in sight在视野范围内；on sale出售；on show展出；on trial受审；out of control控制不了；out of sight超出视线；out of ones reach够不着；out of fashion不流行。如：The rumor is beyond belief(cant be believed)那个谣言令人难以置信。Today some treasures are on show(are being shown)in the mu
15、seum.今天一些珍宝正在博物馆展出。【举一反三】Unless extra money_, the theatre will close.A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found【热点题型】题型三 固定句型中的固定时态 例3、Peter had intended to take a job in business，but that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2013.Ahad abandonedBabandonedCabandon Dwill abandon 【提分秘籍】在某些
16、固定句型里往往有固定的时态要求，请体会下列句子中时态的运用：1This/It is the first/second. time I have done sth.That/It was the first/second. time I had done sth.2It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad.3I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4Hardly had I got home when the telephone
17、 rang.5No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.6It wont be long before he comes back./It wasnt long before he came back.7I didnt manage to understand it until he had explained it again.8祈使句and(or/or else/otherwise)并列分句(并列分句中谓语动词多用一般将来时)【举一反三】I think Tom，as the head of a big department，shoul
18、d either study regularly or his job. Aquits Bto quitCquittingDquit 【高考风向标】 1.（2014安徽卷）23The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished2.（2014北京卷）22. -Hi, lets go skating.- Sorry, Im busy right now. I _ in an a
19、pplication form for a new job.A. fillB. have filledC. am fillingD. will fill3.（2014北京卷）23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. A. byB. inC. forD. until4.（2014北京卷）31.- What time is it? - I have no idea. But just a minute, I _ it for you.A. checkB. checkedC. will
20、 checkD. would check5.（2014北京卷）32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived. A. startedB. was startingC. would startD. had started6.（2014大纲卷）22. Unless extra money_, the theatre will close.A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 7.（2014大纲卷）32. The reports went missing in 201
21、2 and nobody _ them since.A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 8.（2014福建卷）23.Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. A. stayed B. stay C. had stayed D. am staying9.（2014湖南卷）28. Since the time humankind started gardening, we
22、_to make our environment more beautiful.A. try B. have been tryingC. are tryingD. will try10.（2014湖南卷）34. Whenever you, a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.A. boughtB. have bought C. will buyD. buy11.（2014江苏卷）23.How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to
23、be held in Nanjing?Well, the media_it in a variety of forms.A. coverB. will coverC. have coveredD. covered12.（2014江西卷）24.-Tony , why are your eyes red ?-I _ up peppers for the last five minutes .A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting 13.（2014山东卷）1. Writing out all the invitations by h
24、and was more time-consuming than we_. A. will expect B. are expecting C. expect D. had expected 14.（2014山东卷）5. They made up their mind that they_ a new house once Larry changed jobs. A. bought B. would buy C. have bought D. had bought 15.（2014陕西卷）22. During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all t
25、he local foods his friends _,A. would recommend B. had recommended C. have recommended D. were recommending16.（2014四川卷）9. She _ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned17.（2014天津卷）11. We wont start the work until all the preparations _.A. are bei
26、ng made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made18.（2014浙江卷 ）11. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _ most of the guests before.A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see19.（2014重庆卷 ）4. Youd better write down her phone number before you _ it .A.forget B.
27、 are forgetting C.forgot D. will gorget20.（2014重庆卷 ）8.James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _until yesterday.A. will comeB.was coming C. had comeD. came（2013新课标I卷）27. When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I _ my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change A （2013新课标I卷
28、）24. If we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it. A. hadnt acted B. havent acted C. dont act D. wont act C （2013浙江）10.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_ sharply.A.was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will
29、be increasing （2013北京卷)32. - So what is the procedure?- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interviewB. are interviewingC. are interviewedD. are being interviewed（2013北京卷)28. Hurry up! Mark and Carl us.A. expectB. are expectingC. have expectedD. will expect（2013北京
30、卷)25. - Do you think Mom and Dad late?- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.A. wereB. will beC. would beD. have been（2013北京卷)23.Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been madeB. was madeC. has been madeD. would be made（2013北京卷)22. Dont turn off the compu
31、ter before closing all programs you could have problemsA. orB. andC. butD. So（2013福建卷)26.The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A. tookB. is takingC. takesD. has been taking（2013湖南卷)34. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture y
32、esterday afternoon. had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing（2013湖南卷)27. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days. A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be（2013湖南卷)26. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. doesB. had be
33、en doneC. will doD. is done（2013湖南卷)24. Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered（2013湖南卷)22. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have beenB.
34、amC. wasD. will be（2013江苏卷)34. What about your self-drive trip yesterday?Tiring! The road is being widened, and we _ a rough ride.A. hadB. haveC. would haveD. have had（2013江苏卷)21. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.A. isB. areC. w
35、asD. were（2013江西卷)35.I _ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.A. come B. cameC. am comingD. was coming（2013山东卷)27. Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leavingB. had left C. has left D. has been leaving （2013山东卷)24. I didnt th
36、ink Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be （2013四川)3. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ for us! A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting（2013天津卷)13. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ one of the main pipes.
37、A. had repairedB. have repairedC. repairedD. are repairing（2013辽宁卷)31.Hard is feeling uncomfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.A.could drink B.should drink C.would have drunk D.must have drunk（2013辽宁卷)30.We are confident that the environmenr by our further efforts to reduce pollutionA.had
38、 been improved B.will be imroved C.is improved D.was improved（2013辽宁卷)22.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he _it for a long time.A.has had B.had had C.has D.had（2013重庆卷)33. A Midsummer Nights Dream _at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.A. opensB. is o
39、penedC. will openD. will be opened（2013重庆卷)21.I felt very tired when I got home, and I _ straight to bed.A. goB. wentC. had goneD. have gone（2013安徽卷)24. Im calling about the apartment you the other day. Could you tell me more about it?A. advertised B. had advertisedC. are advertising D. will adverti
40、se【随堂巩固】 1Well go to the party to be held in Qinghai Grand Theater at 8 tonight. Could you join us?Im afraid I cant. I _ the holiday plan with my friends.Aam discussing Bhave discussedCwill be discussing Dwill have discussed2Car prices have been going down sharply in the last 20 years.Its not surpri
41、sing because the law of market _ the price of a product.Ais controlling BcontrolsChas controlled Dcontrolled3Look, Ive got admission to Harvard University for a shortterm study next semester.How fantastic! You _ a different university life then.Ahave experienced Bwill be experiencingChave been exper
42、iencing Dwill have experienced4Today many physical bookstores _ down with financial difficulties, inflexible management strategies and competitive pressure from online bookstores.Ahad closed Bhaving closedCbeing closed Dare closing5Despite ongoing street protests, US beef _ in South Korea due to its
43、 lower price.Ais sold well Bsells wellCsells poorly Dis sold poorly6In general, most tennis _ on hard courts or on clay.Aplays Bis playedChas played Dhas been played7Ouch! You hurt me.Im sorry. But I _ any harm. I _ to drive a rat out.Adont mean; am tryingBdidnt mean; triedChavent meant; triedDdidnt
44、 mean; was trying8 Its said that they _ a better life ever since they moved to the US.Ahad enjoyed Bhave been enjoyingCwere enjoying Dwould enjoy10David, are you listening to me?Sorry, Dad. I _ to make sense of what the reporter said.Awas trying Bhave triedCam trying Dtried11If this product does not
45、 give you complete satisfaction, please return it to the manufacturer, stating when it _.Ais purchased Bwill be purchasedCpurchases Dhas purchased12Whats the matter with Philips?Something must have happened to him. He left home three hours ago, but _ at the party!Adidnt arrive Bisnt arrivingChadnt a
46、rrived Dhasnt arrived13The vegetables in his field _ well, because they are pollutionfree.Aare selling Bhave been soldCare sold Dsell14If we dont hurry up, everything _ by the time we get to the party.Awill be eaten Bis eatenChas been eaten Dwill have been eaten15Your headmaster would have been happ
47、y to give you two days off, if you had gone and explained that your parents _ ill at the time.Awere Bhad beenCare Dwould be16Ye Shiwen got the championship in the womens 400 meter individual medley at London Olympics.She fully deserves the title. She _ for it for years.Ais preparing Bwas preparingCh
48、as prepared Dhad been preparing17My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.Alived Bwere living Clive Dwill live18Kate _ on her new novel, which is supposed to come out next month.Awas working Bhad worked Cwill be working Dhas been working19Do you love teachin
49、g, Miss He?I fell in love with teaching in 2000. I _ for twelve years by this summer.Awill teach Bwould have taughtChas been teachingDwill have been teaching20What happened? I called you several times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through.Sorry, my sister and I _ on the phone all the time.Ata
50、lked Bhave talked Cwere talking Dhave been talking21Sorry, I didnt catch you.Be quiet, please; the baby _.A.was sleeping Bis sleeping Cslept Dhas slept22 This kind of ice cream _ like a combination of banana and strawberry.A.tastedBis tastedCbeing tastedDtastes23Whats up? You didnt pick up the phone
51、 just now.Im sorry that I _ dancing with music on, but its done now.Apractised Bwas practising Cam practising Dhave practised24Have you ever been to Singapore?Yes, I _ there three times in 2009 alone.Ahave been Bhave gone Cwent Dhad gone25Alas! I have left my key to the office in my car.Dont worry.
52、I _ it for you. Wait a minute.AgetBam going to getCwill getDam getting26 I had wanted to take the career of being a model, but I _ not good at dealing with constant media attention.Ahad been Bhas been Cam Dwas27Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it _.Ahas repaired Bis repaired C
53、is being repaired Dwill be repaired28How long have you been in this office?Just a few minutes.My cousins _ here together with me.Ahave walked Bhad walkedCwalked Dhave been walking29Did you listen to the report last Friday?Yes, it was about the shortage of immigrant workers. That was the first time I _ about the subject.Ahave heard Bwas hearingCwould hear Dhad heard30Egg prices usually _ in spring when they are most plentiful.A.are droppingBdropChave droppedDwill drop