1、高一第十九单元Modern AgricultureI. Teaching aims and demands 教学目标和要求:1.Topics 话题 Talk about modern agriculture and its effects on people s life2.Function: 交际功能 提建议和做决定(Giving advice and making decisions) In my opinion, you should.I think he is right. If I were you.Wouldnt it be better if.? We cant t do bot
2、h, so.The other idea sounds better to me. As far as I can see the best thing would be to. We have to make a choice.3.Vocabulary 重点词汇和短语 protection; technique; irrigation; pump; seed; technical; import; production; root;insect; tobacco; golden; method; tie; discovery; garden; gardening; gardener;wisd
3、om; practical; guide; firstly; sow; condition; soil; weed; remove; sunflower; generation depend on; and so on4.Grammar:语法 It的用法(2)-强调句中某一成分 能够运用英语的强调句型，引起他人对下列内容的关注： 1.事情的执行者-强调句子的主语 2.动作的对象或内容-强调句子的宾语)包括介词宾语) 3.事情发生的时间或地点-强调句子的时间或地点等状语II. Difficult points III. Main teaching aids教具：A tape-recorder;
4、Multimedia, projector, role cards. Main teaching methods 教法：1. The interaction between the teacher and the students, and among the students themselves; Attention to the students listening, speaking, reading and writing; and so on.2. Listening-andanswering activity to help the students go through wit
5、h the listening material.3. Use both individual work and group or pair work to make every student work and think in classV. Teaching procedure：Period 1第一节（一）明确目标1. To learn to read statistical graphs. Warming up to arouse the students love in talking.2. Do some listening to improve the students list
6、ening ability.3. Making simple dialogues to train the students speaking ability.(二) 整体感知Step 1 Presentation With the time passing by, peoples living standard is becoming higher and higher. As a result their eating habits have charged a lot. Today we are going to know some details about it by watchin
7、g the graphs.（三）过程Step 2 Warming upGo through the questions by discussing in small groups with the help of the graphs. Learn with language point at the same time. Present the results form each groups. Sample answers for question 1:1 People are earning more money, so they want to buy and eat more mea
8、t.2 People learn more about healthy food, so they want to eat more fruit.3 Fruit-based alcohol such as wine is better for your health than spirits, so people want to drink more wine and less spirits.4 Fruit juices are healthier than soft drinks such as cola or sprite, so people want to drink more ju
9、ices.5 Eating fish doesnt make people as fat as eating meat, so people like eating more fish.6 When people have more money, they start buying more candy and soft drinks such as cola and sprite; there is a lot of sugar in these products.7 When people eat more fish and meat, they need more oil to fry
10、fish and meat, so more oil need to be made.8 As the population of China grows, more grain (rice and wheat) will be needed, even though each person eats less of it. Some of the grain produce is also used to feed pigs, sheep and cattle.Sample answers for question 2:Agricultural produce has changed ove
11、r the past 20 years. China now produces almost 80% more fish and fruit than twenty years ago. The produce of meat over the same period is up about 60%. Oil and sugar are up about 30% each. Grain and cotton are up 10 and 15% respectively. For further sample answers see introduction to this exercise.
12、These changes happen for different reasons.1 People want to buy different products, so farmers need to grow different things. (Changes in demand)2 Farmers want to make more money. When they can grow extra crops or other crops on their land or land which they cant use to grow grain, they will for exa
13、mple plant fruit trees. In the end, they will bring more fruit to the market. (Changes in supply)3 Some crops bring in more money than other crops, so some farmers change their produce from growing grain to for example fish farming or growing fruit. In the end, they will bring more fish or fruit to
14、the market. (Changes in supply)4 If farmers produce more meat (pigs or chickens) they , need more animal feed. Besides grass, they will also feed them grain products. So they need to buy more grain, which other farmers need to grow more. (Changes in demand)Sample answers for question 3:Changes in ea
15、ting habits and diets will cause changes to agriculture and may also have both good and bad effects for nature.1 First, Chinese people are eating more meat. Next, farmers have to raise more pigs, sheep and cattle. So, more grass is needed to feed more sheep and cattle. So, farmers need more grasslan
16、d. Possibly, they will cut down trees to take more land on which to grow grass.2 If farmers need to raise more pigs, they need to feed the pigs more food. Next, farmers need to buy more grain to feed the pigs. So, other farmers need to grow more grain. They need more land to grow more grain or they
17、must grow more grain on their land. They would destroy nature if farmers want to use more land. They may need to use methods that are harmful to the environment.3 If farmers want to grow different crops they would plant them together. This can be very good for the soil.4 First people start eating mo
18、re fish. Then, farmers have to start fish farms and produce more fish. So, farmers have to choose land they can use to turn into fishponds. If farmers use land for fishponds that could not be used for farming, they create more farmland. If in this way farmers can make more and better use of the land
19、, this will help to develop the economy.5 When people want to eat more fruit, farmers will have to produce more fruit. Many farmers plant fruit trees beside their fields or in places where they cannot grow other crops. In this way farmers make better use of the land, and this will help to develop th
20、e economy.6 First farmers want to grow more different products, because in this way they can make more money. Next, they will plant fruit trees around their fields or around their fishponds. Also, they will plant trees or crops in places where nothing grew before. Sometimes, they will also change ba
21、rren land into fishponds. In the end, there will be more variation. The flowers on the fruit trees will attract bees and other insects. Next, the trees will protect the crops from strong winds and hot sunshine. As a result, the environment will benefit from farms with more variation in crops and lan
22、d use.Step 3 Listening comprehension Now lets have some listening training. LISTENING TEXTFarming and nature are like two flowers on the same tree. When farming goes against nature, all kinds of environmental problems are the result. In ancient times, when people began using the land, farming was no
23、t as it is today. Early farmers moved around the country. They burnt a part of a forest and used this land for one or two years. When they could no longer grow crops on the land they moved on and repeated this somewhere else. Agriculture in this way destroys nature and results in floods and droughts
24、. Some people in South America still practise this kind of farming.Over the past twenty to twenty-five years, farmers have recognised some old truths, already known to ancient Chinese farmers. Farming should not go against nature. If the soil is too poor, chemicals can help improve it and grow bette
25、r crops, but this may damage or destroy land surrounding the farms. Instead, farmers should look for other methods. In the early 16th century, brothers Tan and Xiao Zao of Jiangsu Province cheaply bought fields along lakes nobody wanted because they were too wet. They built dikes around the fields t
26、urning the fields into fish ponds and they became fish farmers. They also planted fruit trees on the dikes and kept chickens and ducks. They were very successful farmers.Answers to Exercise 1: History of farming farmers in China Protection of nature trees Environmental problems dikesAnswers to Exerc
27、ise 2:1 True2 False3 False4 True5 FalseAnswers to Exercise 3:1 (all kinds of) environmental problems 2 destroyed3 floods 4 droughts5 farming6 go against nature 7 too wet8 farming / growing wheat / growing crops 9 fishponds10 fish / ducks / chickens ll fruit treesStep 4 Speaking practice Sample dialo
28、gue:A: Here we have a nice piece of land, and I think the best we could do is grow rice. Rice is an important product and we can make good money growing rice. Another reason why I think we should grow rice is that the soil is very good for rice and there is plenty of water for irrigation.B: Well, I
29、disagree. I think it would be wrong to grow rice. We should grow more sugarcane in our area, because sugarcane is easier to grow. There are plans to build a sugar factory near the town and that would bring many jobs to this region. Sugarcane can be grown without much work. There are already many ric
30、e farms in the area. Adding another sugarcane farm may make the factory owner decide to build his new factory here.A: Yes. I have heard about these plans, but its far from sure that the factory will be built here. If not, then the sugarcane must be transported to the next town, which would not be ve
31、ry good. As far as I can see the best thing to do would be to plant that field with rice.D: Well, I dont think any of you is right. We have to make a choice, and in my opinion we should raise pigs. Agricultural products such as sugarcane and rice are produced by many farmers around here. Therefore t
32、he prices are low. Wed better use the land to raise pigs.C: Wouldnt it be better to plant trees on the land because a lot of wood has been destroyed over the past forty years and we have to protect the environment. We should give something back to nature. Besides, we could cut down some bf the trees
33、 after a few years and sell the wood.D: No. That would be a, waste of ground and money. We have to make use of the land. The land area is too small for any real crop growing, and you would only be able to plant just a few trees. We have to make a choice. Pig raising doesnt need a lot of space and it
34、 can be a way to make a lot of money.A: You are right about the size of the land. There isnt much we can do with it because its too small. But I agree with C that the environment in our province has had a lot to suffer. Wouldnt it be better_ as C suggests to just leave that piece of land as it is, o
35、r as she says plant some trees on it.（四）总结扩展Step 5 Necessary language pointsToday we ve done some listening and speaking, and learn how to give advice and some everyday English used between doctors and patients. Listening and speaking听说要点 1How are people s eating habits changing over the years? over
36、 the years 用法此处over意为在.期间 举例My grandchildren will stay over Christmas. 我的孙儿孙女们圣诞节期间将呆在这儿。2How has agricultural produce changed during these years?. produce 用法n.U 农产品 举例The farmer brought his produce to the market. 农民把他的农产品带到市场。 My cousin sells her garden produce in the market. 我表姐在市场上卖自己菜园里的蔬菜。 This
37、 shop sells native produce. 这家商店出售土特产品。3Next, farmers have to raise more pigs, sheep and cattle. raise 用法vt. 饲养; 举例They increased their income by raising silkworms and so on. 他们靠养蚕等增加了收入。 He is a farmer and raises horses. 他是农民，又养马。 cattle 用法n. 牛；牲口；家畜 举例Cattle feed on grass. 牛以草为食。 They keep a large
38、 herd of cattle. 他们饲养着一大群牛。 That is a cattle farm. 那是畜牧场。 beef(=feeder) cattle 肉牛 dairy cattle 奶牛 注意cattle是复数含义.几头牛可以说: three head of cattle4Listen carefully to all the group members,take notes of the reasons they give and help to make a good decision. note 用法笔记 举例I must look at my notes. 我得看看我的笔记。
39、Please take notes of the lecture. 请做听课笔记。 compare notes 对笔记；交换意见 Step 6 Summary小结: Step 7 HomeworkPeriod 2第二节（一）明确目标1. Develop the students reading ability, especially their reading comprehension.2. Read the reading passage and know about the differences between traditional agriculture and modern on
40、e in china meanwhile any necessary common knowledge about fertilization and irrigation.3. To encourage the students to learn more for the future of our country.（二）整体感知Step 1 PresentationToday we come to the Reading. Its about the differences between traditional agriculture and modern one in china me
41、anwhile any necessary common knowledge about fertilization and irrigation. Lets look at the pictures and reconstruct the text by comparing traditional and modern farming. （三）过程Step 2 Pre-reading discussionsAnswers to Exercise 1:The first picture shows a farmer sitting in the courtyard, in front of t
42、he house. There is a basket in front of her and two chickens that eat from the basket. On this farm, chickens can walk freely in the yard.The picture below shows a large building in which thousands of chickens sit in small cages. On this farm, chickens sit in cages inside a building.The second pictu
43、re shows a pile of animal shit (manure). The picture below shows a bag of chemical fertiliser.The third picture show a farmer working on the land with two animals. The animals pull the plough to work the land.The picture below shows a tractor. In this picture, the farmers use the tractor to work the
44、 land.The fourth picture shows dry, barren land. The earth is so dry that nothing can grow there.The picture below shows a greenhouse, where plants grow in a building .made of glass.Answers to Exercise 2:Ask the students to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of modern farming; they can also th
45、ink of the advantages and disadvantages of the old ways of farming.Raising chickensSmall scaleLarge scaleThe farmer can keep only a few chickens.The farmer can keep thousands of chickens.It does not cost a lot to keep the chickens.It costs a lot of money to keep the chickens.It is not a lot of work
46、to keep the chickens.Its a lot of work to keep the chickens: feeding, cleaning etc.The chickens dont have many problems.If chickens get ill, many die or must be killed.The chickens are not so fat.The chickens are big and fat.The eggs and meat taste very good.The meat and eggs do not taste so good.Th
47、e chickens are free.The chickens are not free.The farmer can sell the chicken dungFertilisersNatural fertiliser (manure; also dung)Chemical fertiliserIts free or can be bought at low prices.It is a lot of work to mix it with the soil.It has a bad smell.It takes a lot of place to store. It is difficu
48、lt to transport.Its expensive.It is not a lot of work to mix it with the soil. It has no smell.It takes little place to store.It is easy to transport.Animals (buffalo; also ox)Machines (Tractor) HorsepowerThey are not so expensive.They are expensive.The fuel is cheap (grass, hay etc).The fuel is exp
49、ensive (gasoline).They dont pollute the air.They pollute the air.They can be used on different terrain; eg hill slopes orThey can only be used on flat (level) and dry terrain.wet ground.They dont need to rest.They need to rest sometimes.You can use them for 5-20 or more years if you can getYou can u
50、se them for about 10-20 years.enough spare (repair) parts.If they get young ones, you get more for free.If they totally break down, you can eat them.Climate controlOpen airGreenhouseIf the weather conditions are bad you can loose the crops.The landscape is more beautiful.The land must be good for fa
51、rming (arable land).Weather conditions are controlled, so they cannot damage crops.It is expensive to build and operate (gas, water, electricity) a greenhouse.If there is a power failure, you may lose crops.The landscape is ugly:Greenhouses can be built where the land is not suitable for farming.195
52、0s - 1980s1980s - presentThe use of machines eg tractorsThe use of greenhousesThe use of electric pumps for irrigationTo make vegetables bigger or betterThe use of chemical fertilisersTo change vegetables so they can grow on poorThe use of insect killerssoilThe use of special seedbedsKnowledge from
53、abroadIT technique and technical are words that mean something withtechnologyFORMmachines, then technology must be the noun to match these twowords meaning new machines or doing things that are based onmodem knowledge.agriculturalFORMIT cultural is the adjective for culture, then agricultural must b
54、e,the adjective for agriculture, meaning to do with agriculture.Step 3 ReadingRead the text carefully again, and give the students some explanations. Skimming the reading material as soon as possible and then finish the past reading, some more questions may be designed by teachers. Read the passage
55、again and find out the main idea to each paragraph.Step 4 Listening to the reading passage Play the tape for the students to listen and follow. Pay attention to the pro- nunciation and intonation.Step 5 Post-readingAnswers to Exercise 1:1 D 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 CAnswers to Exercise 2: Sample:KindHow would
56、you change it?Why do you want to change it in this way?FruitWatermelonGrow them like blocks instead of balls Easier to store, takes less spaceVegetable OnionMake sure they dont hurt your eyes anymoreEasIer to peel, and cutAnimalSheepTo have red woolLooks funny and then we dont need to dye wool to ma
57、ke clothes（四）总结扩展Step 6 Summary 小结Step 7 HomeworkPeriod 3第三节（一）明确目标1. Learn about the useful words and expression in the reading text.2. Learn “Word formation”.3. Grammar focus: the use of “it” for emphasis4. Discuss the answers to all the exercises in the StudentsBook.（二）整体感知Step 1 PresentationIn t
58、his class well first go through the text and learn to use some language points. And then well discuss the exercises together with each other.（三）过程Step 2 Language points in the reading text1It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China. It is.that. 用法此为强调句型
59、,该句型虽是本单元重点,但在高一上册unit 2; unit 6; 以及高一下册unit 16皆有出现, 本站也有详细解释.请另行查看.2Farmers have long used techniques to make their land produce more. technique 用法n. 技术；技巧 举例Dick Fosbury had a new technique for doing the high jump. 迪克福斯贝里有一种跳高的新技术。 the mastery of technique 掌握技术 3Over time, many farming techniques
60、have been modernized. modernise 比较(1) vt. 使现代化 (2) vi. 现代化 举例modernize a hospital by installing the latest equipment 安装最新设备使医院现代化 拓展modernization n. 现代化 举例plans for modernization of existing factories 使现有工厂现代化的计划4To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops are planted each year wh
61、ere possible. make use of 用法利用，使用，采用 举例We make use of electricity every day. 我们每天使用电力。 She makes good use of her time. 她善于利用时间。 5More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in the 1980s. bring in 用法1) 从外提供；带入 (2) 引入；提出 (3) 生产出；生出作为收益 举例The commune is expected to bring in more rice
62、 this year. 今年公社可望收获更多稻谷。 This will bring them in several thousand yuan. 这将使他们得到几千块钱的收益 链接本单元出现该短语的句子: To the villagers great joy, the tree and tea crops are also bringing in money to them.6Import of technology and machines, and the international exchange of delegations have helped Chinese farmers i
63、mprove their production. Import 用法v. 进口，输入 n. 进口；进口商品；含意 举例You must pay duty if you want to import wine. 如果你要进口酒，你就必须纳税。 None of the machines on display here are imported. 这里展出的所有机器没有一件是进口的。 delegation 用法n. 代表团 举例Our delegation left Korea for home last Friday. 我国代表团于上星期五离开朝鲜回国。 a delegation from Jap
64、an 日本代表团 send a large delegation 派遣一个大的代表团。 7Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods. as well as 用法(1) 既也（又）；不仅而且 (2) 同样；同样好地 举例He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有学识又有经验。 She s clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聪明。 Scott has a flat in London as w
65、ell as a house in Edinburgh. 斯科特不仅在爱丁堡有座房子，而且在伦敦有个套间。 I, as well as you, know that. 我和你一样，也知道那件事。 8Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment. Not only.but also 用法not only.but also.在连接句子时,not only后面的句子要使用倒装结构. 详见高一上册unit 29The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is
66、the shortage of arable land. shortage 用法n. 不足；缺少 举例After the hot summer, there was a shortage of water. 炎热的夏天过去后，出现缺水现象。 The school has a shortage of teachers; it needs three more. 那个学校的教师不够，还缺三位。 10Many vegetables are grown in greenhouses where they are protected from the wind, rain and insects. pr
67、otect.from. 用法见高一上册unit 311In 1993,a kind of tomato was developed that was different from any grown before. any grown before 用法此处的grown before为过去分词短语充当定语,和any之间有逻辑上的动宾关系.12 G stands for genetically from the word genes. stand for 用法见高一上册unit 813In other words, the way tomatoes grow from natural seed
68、is changed. In other words 用法也就是说；换句话说 举例Joe doesnt like work - in other words, he s lazy! 乔不爱劳动换句话说，他懒惰！ 14A variety of GM watermelons will be seedless. variety 用法见高一上册unit 10Step 3 Practice: VocabularyAnswers to Exercise 1:NounVerbAdjectiveFertiliserFertiliseFertileProductionProduceProductiveProte
69、ctionProtectProtectedModificationModifyModified1 modified 2 Protecting, protection 3 fertile, ferilisers 4 produce, productiveStep 4 Practice: GrammarAnswers to Exercise 1:1 It is the children who often help their parents do the farm work.2 It was in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very di
70、fferent from any grown before.3 It is the shortage of arable land that is the biggest problem for Chinese farmers.4 It is the plants grown in the greenhouses that are protected from the wind, rain and insects.5 It is high technology as well as traditional methodsthat future agriculture should depend
71、 on.Answers to Exercise 2:1 It was Henry who gave George a new tie for his birthday last year.It was to George that Henry gave a new tie for his birthday last year.It was a new tie that Henry gave George for his birthday last year.It was last year that Henry gave George a new tie for his birthday.2
72、It was during that period of time that they made three important discoveries.It was three important discoveries that they made during that period of time.It was they who made three important discoveries during that period of time.3 It is in South America that some people still practise this kind of
73、farming.It is some people in South America who still practise this kind of farming.It is this kind of farming that some people in South America still practise.（四）总结扩展Step 5 SummaryHave we ever tiled to make snacks or seen our mother make snacks. Lets try to write the recipe for your favorite dish. B
74、efore writing, you should read Tips first.Step 6 HomeworkPeriod 4 第四节（一） 明确目标1. Review the language points learnt last period.2. Get the students to realize the great contribution Chinese3. Do some writing to develop the students writing skill.(二) 整体感知Step 1 PresentationTask have you heard the name
75、Jia SiXie before?What was he famous for? What was the great (work) book he wrote? Do you know what it was about?Task encourage the students to find out any popular problems about the weather or farming they have know。（三）过程Step 1 Question the students on some language pointsStep 2 Integrating skillsW
76、e have learnt how to give advice. Now lets try to write letters giving advice. Here in our textbook there are letters asking for some advice. Read them quickly, then write down four pieces of advice for each of them using had better (not) , ought (not) to or should (not) .Many students like having s
77、nacks. Is the habit good or bad? Let s read “Snacks.Step 3 Listening to the PassageStep 4 Reading comprehensionAfter fast reading, do the following True-or-False exercises.Answers to Exercise 1:Some of the advice that Jia Sixie gave to farmers in his book Qimin Yaoshu was as follows:1 Fanners should
78、 do things at the right time of the year. 2 Fanners should examine the soil carefully. .3 If the condition of the soil is not good, farmers should improve it.4 Before sowing or planting crops, farmers should clean rough ground and remove weeds.5 Farmers should let sheep or cattle (cows) walk on the
79、land before sowing or planting crops.6 Farmers should plough the land, so weeds ate destroyed.7 When ploughing the land, farmers should plough deep the first time and less deep the second time. 8 Farmers will get the best results if they change crops in their fields.9 If farmers plant rice in a fiel
80、d one year, and wheat in that field the following year, they will harvest goodcrops.10 If farmers plant wheat close together, they will have better results than when they plant wheat leaving space between the plants.11 It is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field.Suggeste
81、d plan:Students may need to visit the library or go on the Internet to find out more information about how to make a vegetable garden. They can enter the keyword search planning a vegetable garden or growing a vegetable garden or tips for a successful garden.MonthWhat will be doneNovemberIts in Nove
82、mber when we have to plough the land for the fIrst time. The ploughing has to bedone deep. Spread manure and old leaves on the land and plough them under.DecemberIts in December when we should make a plan for our vegetable garden for next year. Checkthe seeds left over from last year. Repair tools a
83、nd make a list of new tools to buy.Its in January when we should buy enough seed to plant for two or three crops. Check theJanuarycondition of the soil. If the soil is not good, you should improve it. Put manure and dead leaveson the land if you did not do this in November. You can also use fertilis
84、ers to the soil. Get theseedbeds or seed boxes ready for growing plants such as tomato, pepper and eggplant.Its in February when you should plant the seedbeds. Prepare the land for planting. Let sheepFebruaryor cows walk on the land. Their manure will improve the soil and they will destroy weeds ore
85、at them. Also prepare seeds for planting in April.Its in March when you should give some attention to the early-planted crops. Add a littleMarchfertiliser to young crops. Thin the young plants to give them mqre room to grow. Plough theland a second time to prepare it for the warm-season vegetables.A
86、prilIts in April when you should plant beans, corn, eggplant, peas, peppers, tomatoes andwatermelons. Remove weeds and grass.MayIts in May when you have to watch out for insects. Fight insects and disease when you see them.Water the plants when needed. Build a frame of wood or bamboo for beans to cl
87、imb on.Its in June that you have to harvest vegetables such as beans and peas, onions and potatoes.JuneStore onions and potatoes dry and cool. Prepare the land for planting new crops. Take care ofIrrigation.Its in July when you should make a plan for the crops you want to plant in autumn. FightJulyd
88、rought with enough irrigation of the land. Remove weeds. Plant second crops for tomatoes,corn and beans. In July its also the time to plant big pumpkins for Halloween!AugustIts in August when we have to plant broccoli, cabbage, carrots and onions. Make sure to water.the plants enough. Harvest ripe f
89、ruit and vegetables.SeptemberIts in September when we harvest green peppers and tomatoes before the cold of winter comes.Water and weed the crops that were planted in August.Its in October when the last crops are harvested. Put dead plants, old leaves and other materialsOctobertogether. Store animal
90、 manure for use as fertiliser next year. Start thinking about your gardenplans for next year.Give the students some explanations when necessary.Step 5 Writing Now let s have some listening training. After the team work, read the passage carefully to search more details about the topic.Step 3 writing
91、 skill Taskwrite a brief introduction to Yia SiXie and his work.Task imagine you own a vegetable garden on something like that try to write a plan for it. Step 4 check the writing Sample essay:It is less than a hundred years ago that the vast majority of farmers was unable to read and write. They le
92、arnt the work on the farm from their parents. Sometimes, they were told about ways in which they could improve their farming. But if they lived in far off places or in the mountains, there were few opportunities to learn about better ways of farming.During the second half of the twentieth century, t
93、his situation was improved. Farmers were taught how to read and write. Books and magazines were published for farmers so that they could read about new methods of farming and improve their own situation. It also became possible for some farmers to experiment and share their results and discoveries i
94、n written reports with others. Still, not all farmers can read and write, but their number is getting smaller.To modernise and use new techniques, farmers have to be able to read and write. They must be able to read what is written on bags of fertilisers they buy, to know how to use them and how to
95、use them safely. They also have to be able to read the instructions on how to use new tools and machines. In the future, farmers will have to learn more to be able to use modem techniques such as greenhouses and GM.Many farmers take courses where they learn about new technologies in agriculture. The
96、y learn to accept and how to use the new technologies. The government and local agricultural organisations have developed a special programme for farmers, called the Green Certificate project. Already more than ten million farmers have completed this course and many farmers are becoming grain-growin
97、g expert（四）总结扩展Step 6 Necessary language pointsToday we ve done some listening and speaking, and learn how to give advice and some everyday English used between doctors and patients.1Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers today. wisdom 用法 n.U 聪明，才智 举例I
98、am struck by Annie s wisdom. 安妮的智慧使我惊叹不已。 He is a man of wisdom. 他是个聪明人。 Let us consider the wisdom of following his advice. 让我们考虑按他的意见做是否明智。 2Jia Sixie s book is a practical guide to farming. practical 用法a.实践的；实用的 举例Earning a living is a practical matter. 谋生是一实际问题。 He is a practical man and doesnt
99、like empty talk. 他是一个注重实干的人，不喜欢空谈。 Rowing across the Atlantic is not a practical idea. 划船横渡大西洋不是个明智的想法。 guide 用法vt. 1.指导 2.导游 n.1.指南，指导 2.手册 3.向导 举例He guided us through the forest. 他领我们穿过了森林。 He flashed a torch to guide me. 他打手电给我引路。3But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of ye
100、ar, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good. go against 用法见高一下册unit 164If the condition of the soil is not so good, you should improve it. condition 用法n.1.状况 2.复环境 3.（先决）条件 举例the condition of affairs (世界的) 局势 事态 ,社会动向 my financial condition 我的经济状况 收支情形 the condition of weig
101、htlessness 无重力状态 not.on any condition=on no condition 无论在什么条件 任何状况 下都不,绝不 What are your conditions for accepting the offer? 在什么条件下你才会接受这个提议？ I will let you go only on one condition. 只有在一种条件下我才会让你走。 make it a condition that. 以为条件 5Before sowing or planting crops, rough ground must be cleaned and weed
102、s removed. remove 用法vt.脱掉;去掉,消除(+from) 举例She saw he had removed his glasses. 她看到他摘下了他的眼镜。 举例Students removed several desks to another classroom. 学生们把几张书桌搬到另外一间教室。 She removed the painting to another wall. 她把画搬到另一面墙上。 He was removed from the post. 他被解雇了。6The best harvest is reached when farmers chang
103、e the crops in the fields. reach 用法vt. 获得；占有；收到 举例Your letter reached me the day before yesterday. 你的信我前天收到。 Part of the reply reached my ears. 有几句答话传到我的耳朵里了。 The news only reached me a moment ago. 我刚刚得到这个消息。 The two parties reached on an agreement. 双方达成了协议。 7For example, do not plant rice year afte
104、r year in the same field. year after year 用法一年又一年;年复一年 比较The university gets bigger, year by year. 这所大学每年都在扩大。 Tens of thousands of men, year after year, have travelled southwards to find work. 每年都有好几万人去南方找工作。8Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants. with spa
105、ce between the plants 用法with的复合结构.详见高一上册unit 2; unit 119He also said that it is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field. next to 用法(1) 在的旁边；贴近；紧挨着 (2) 仅次于那个，这个，它，我，等 (3) 几乎 举例Our house is next to the Post Office. 我们的家在邮局旁边。 You can sit next to Roger at dinner. 吃饭时你靠着罗杰坐。 I
106、n one room next to him I found a lot of good books. 在他隔壁的一个房间里我发现很多好书。 the shop next to the corner 路口第二家商店 the largest city next to London 仅次于伦敦的最大的城市 It is next to impossible. 这简直是不可能的。 10The wisdom of farmers about the weather and farming is collected and passed on from generation to generation. p
107、ass on 用法1) 转告；带信儿 (2) 把传递给另一人 举例Please pass on the message to your classmates. 请把消息告诉你的同学。 Please pass on my regards to your parents. 请代我向你的父母问好。 Step 7 HomeworkPeriod 5 第五节（一）明确目标1. Do some listening to improve the students listening ability.2. Making simple dialogues to train the students speakin
108、g ability.（二）整体感知Step 1 PresentationToday we come to the Workbook and do the listening comprehension and also do some talking practice.（三）过程Step 2 Listening comprehensionLISTENNIN G TEXT:Helen talks about her job.Hello, my names Helen and I live on the west coast of Canada. I work on a fish farm.Rig
109、ht now Im feeding the fish, which are kept in cages in the sea. The cages are tied to the rocks on the j bottom of the sea. It can get very windy here. Twice a ! day I put the fish food in the boat and go out to the cages. The fish are always hungry!When the fish have grown to the right size, we pul
110、l the cages out of the water. The fish are killed and cleaned. Our fish farm is a long way from the nearest market. So we either freeze the fish or smoke them. We dont salt any fish here. Some fish farms do, but we dont.Three of us work here and theres always a lot to do. Inside that building over t
111、here we have tanks for the young fish. We produce all our own fish from eggs. The fish start to grow in fresh water. Then, when they are bigger they go into the sea, which is salty, of course.Theres always a lot of work to do: feeding the fish, cleaning the tanks, getting eggs out of the best of the
112、 large fish, harvesting the fish, cleaning them and smoking them. We burn our own wood and that way we get a very good strong smoke. Its more work, but we get higher prices for our smoked fish.Answers to Exercise 1:1 She is (probably) a fisherwoman.2 I think she is going to open the boxes and feed t
113、he fish. Or: I think she is on her way to the market to sell the fish.3 Without listening to the tape, you may have various answers. Sample answer:If you are a fisherman / woman you have to get up early every morning. The first thing to do is to go out in the boat and see if anything is caught in th
114、e nets. Next, you have to bring in the fish and throw out the nets for the next catch. Then, the fish must be brought to land. The fish should be kept in big boxes full of water, so they dont die.Answers to Exercise 2:1 We feed the fish twice a day.2 We produce our own fish from eggs in the tanks.Or
115、: We clean the tanks.3 We get the eggs out of the best of the large fish.4 When the fish are big enough, we put them in cages in the sea.S When the fish have grown to the right size, we harvest them, clean them, freeze them or smoke them.6 We take them by truck to the nearest market.Answers to Exerc
116、ise 3:1 The cages have to be tied to the bottom of the sea because it is windy.2 They freeze or smoke all the fish because the fishfarm is a long way from the nearest market.3 They bum their own wood because in that way theyget a good strong smoke.4 They smoke their fish themselves, because they get
117、higher prices for smoked fish.Step 3 Talking practiceSample dialogues:Dialogue 1:SI = Student 1: Pro because he/she thinks this is the best way to do it.S2 = Student 2: Con because he/she is a vegetarian S3 = Student 3: Pro because he/she is a farmer whothinks this is the best way.S4 = Student 4: Co
118、n because he/she thinks the animals should not suffer.SI: Well, I dont know so much about factory farms, but the fact is that more and more people want to eat meat, so we have to raise more and more farm animals for food. We must have factory farms to raise these animals.S2: People should eat less m
119、eat or should even try to eat as little meat as they can. Meat is not very healthy for people anyway. Thats why so many people get too fat in China.S3: I like eating meat; but I dont like the idea that the animals have a terrible life before they are killed for food. S4: It is not so easy. Raising f
120、arm animals takes up a lot of space. It is cheaper to have the animals close together, on what you call a factory farm. I need less land and fewer people to take care of the animals. Can you imagine how much time it would take us to look for eggs if I had 1O, OOO chickens running loose in my yard?S3
121、: China is a very big country. We have enough space and it would be better if more people found jobs feeding, taking care of the animals and collecting the eggs.S4: Thats just what you think. But you dont know much about farming, or you dont understand.S4: Im sorry. What I wanted to say is that it i
122、s true that China is a big country, but we cant build these buildings just about everywhere and besides, they should not be too far away from the farm. As a farmer I must be able to manage everything myself.SI: I agree. Farming is important to our economy, and China should not be dependent on foreig
123、n countries for food. What S2 says is not true. Of course we could eat other products instead of meat to get the protein we need. But then, farmers would have to grow more soy beans to produce tofu. Our country is big, but only 7% of the land can be used for growing crops. So it is better to use lan
124、d that is not arable to build factory farms that produce animal meat. That is our best source for protein.S3: But still we must find a solution for the factory farms. Too many animals suffer. When the animals suffer, the meat will not be as tasty as that from farm animals. Everyone knows that farm c
125、hickens are tastier than factory chickens.S2: Besides, the bio industry produces too much manure that is harmful to the environment.Dialogue 2:SI = Student 1: Will take over farm business but doesnt believe in progress.S2 = Student 2: Wants to take over farm business and believes in progress.S3 = St
126、udent 3: Believes in progress, but doesnt want to take over the farm.S4 = Student 4: Wont take over the farm business and doesnt believe in progress.S4: No. I dont want to take over the farm of my parents. I have seen enough of it. It is hard work and you cant earn much money. Even if modem ways of
127、farming made farming easier or better, success always depends on the weather. And a lot of hard work can be lost because of a dry summer, a storm or some other disaster. I want to study more so I can look for another job.S1: What S4 says about the weather is true. But there arent many other jobs in
128、our village. I dont want to move to a big city. I want to stay in our province, where all my friends and family are. I will take over the farm from my parents. It is hard work, but I know how to do it. Maybe learning something can help a little, but not much.S2: Well, I want to take over the farm fr
129、om my parents. But before that, I want to study more agricultural science. My father took a short course about new ways of fertilising and crop rotation a few years ago, and he learnt a lot from that. He also always reads the local magazine about new seeds and new kinds of fruit trees and so on. My
130、uncle wrote a book about growing grapes and my cousins are now making wine. They were the first in our village to do that, and now some other farmers want to try that as well.S3: I agree with that, but for myself I think farming is ajob that is too hard. I think a lot of improvement can be made, but
131、 still the work will be dirty and heavy, and you have to get up too early every day.S2: I dont think the work is dirty. Most materials are natural and you can take a shower when you are finished. It is much healthier than working in a factory where you get dirty with oil and breathe in dangerous smo
132、ke and gases.S1: Yes, but the work is heavy and there is always so much to be done. Its terrible. Sometimes you must work in the burning sun and sometimes in the rain, or worse.S2: But all that will improve. Growing crops in greenhouses is not only better for the plants, but also for the farmers. An
133、d much of the work can be done using machines.Dialogue 3:SI = Student 1: Is optimistic and thinks there are many opportunities.S2 = Student 2: Is pessimistic and thinks there are too many farmers in China.S3 = Student 3: Believes that farmers in China have no other choice. They must develop new prod
134、ucts.S4 = Student 4: Traditional. Thinks new product dont fit in with Chinese culture.S1: Welcome everybody to the discussion. Over the past 15 years many farmers have started new businesses growing different crops or doing other things on their farms. Many of them have been very successful.I think
135、it is great. Farmers have had traditional ideas about farming for too long. There was a time when everybody had the same type of life, and there were only few things to be bought in the shops. But as people have more money to spend, they like buying different products. So now, farmers can grow whate
136、ver they like.S2: Well, thats not true. They cant just grow whatever they like. Farmers can only grow products that people will buy. You cant start growing something that nobody wants.S4: True. Besides, in many places the land can only be used for some crops. And of course the climate does not alway
137、s allow growing what you want.S3: But farmers will have to. If everybody is growing the same few crops, the price will go down and farmers have no opportunity to make more money. Farmers must take a risk. You cant do any business without risk. Farmers will have to read newspapers and magazines to fi
138、nd out what people will want to buy. They should know enough about the land and agriculture to know whether they can grow new crops with success. Then, when they are the first to do something new, they must grab the opportunity.S2: Haha. That is only for the farmer who starts doing something. As soo
139、n as his neighbours see that he is successful, many others will follow. And very soon everybody in the region will be growing that crop. And what happens then? The prices will drop.SI: Well, farmers must know when to take risks. Many people think that there are no chances in farming, but there are.
140、In fact, there are many. The important thing is to make use of the opportunities.S3: Yes. Chinese farmers have many opportunities togrow new crops and produce new products, not only for changing markets in China, but also for the export market.SI: Yes. And that creates even more opportunities.Step 4
141、 Sample talkingStep 5 Summary 小结Step 7 HomeworkPeriod 6 第六节（一）明确目标1. Discuss all the answers to the exercises in the Workbook.2. Learn to use the grammar knowledge 3. Further develop the students writing skills.（二）整体感知Step 1 PresentationIn the class （三）过程Step 2 VocabularyAnswers to Exercise 1:1 agai
142、nst 2 of 3 In 4 Over 5 on 6 of 7 from 8 as 9 from 10 with 110f 12 intoAnswers to Exercise 2:1 Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.2 Not only food production, but taking care of the environment is also important.3 The farmers are working hard to improve
143、the quality as well as the quantity of the crops.4 The book does not only talk about farming but also about gardening.Answers to Exercise 3:1 ploughed2 fertilisers3 sown / sowed 4 weed / remove weeds 5 irrigation6 kill insects 7 harvestStep 3 GrammarAnswers to Exercise 1:1 No, it is the shortage of
144、arable land that is the biggest problem of Chinese farmers.2 No, it is in greenhouses that many vegetables are grown today.3 No, it is with GM technique that these tomatoes aregrown.4 No, it is the ones that have the best colour that are the best seed-heads.5 No, it was from farmers that Jia Sixie l
145、earnt.Answers to Exercise 2:1 It was to find happiness that a pretty princess from Heaven secretly came to earth.2 It was her excellent waving skills that the villagers admired.3 It was for a few years that the family lived peace- fully and happily.4 It was her grandmother who ordered her to leave a
146、t once.5 It is ,each year on the seventh day of the seventh month that all the magpies in the world form a bridge so that Niu Lang and Zhi Nu may enjoy a short get-together.Answers to Exercise 3:1 A 2 D 3C 4D 5 C 6A 7 B 8 C9 C10 BStep 4 Integrating skillsWe have learnt how to give advice. Now lets t
147、ry to write letters giving advice. Here in our textbook there are letters asking for some advice. Read them quickly, then write down four pieces of advice for each of them using had better (not) , ought (not) to or should (not) .Many students like having snacks. Is the habit good or bad? Let s read
148、“Snacks. Step 5 Listening to the PassageStep 6 Reading comprehensionAfter fast reading, do the following True-or-False exercises.Answers to Exercise 1:The correct order of the pictures is: 3,4, 1,2 (or 4, 1,2,3).Sample sentences:1 The hills surrounding the villages are green and covered with trees a
149、nd grasslands. Farmers use the land, but also take care of the environment.2 The trees are cut down in large numbers. The whole forest has disappeared, and no new trees are lanted.3 When it rains, the soil is washed away. The barren hills cannot be used for agriculture.4 Local people start to repair
150、 the damage that was done to the environment. By planting trees, the barren hills will be turned green again.Answers to Exercise 2:Five rules of what people should do in the woods.1 WALK on the paths or roads.2 PLANT new trees when cutting down any.3 PROTECT young trees from being eaten by deer orra
151、bbits.4 WATER young trees and give left-over fertiliser to trees near the village.5 RESPECT nature and care for the trees.Five rules of what people should not do in the woods. 1 DONT make any fires in the wood.2 DONT throw away any cigarettes.3 DONT damage or cut down young trees.4 DONT throw away a
152、ny rubbish.5 DONT kill birds or other animals in the wood.Step 7 Sample writng Sample writing:Jackapple from Southern ChinaThe Jackapple (木波罗 ) also known as Jackfruit, grows in southern China. It is the largest fruit in the world that grows on trees. It looks a bit like a melon, and is very heavy.
153、The biggest ones can reach a length of 3 feet, and weigh up to 100 pounds, though most are smaller. The skin is thick and hard. The uncut ripe fruit has a strong smell. On the inside, the ripe fruit looks like a collection of yellow fruit parts, each with a large light brown seed of up to 2.5 cm lon
154、g. There may be as many as 100 to 500 seeds per fruit.The green unripe fruit flesh can be cooked as a vegetable and used in dishes and salads. The ripe fruit is cream-coloured or yellow and quite soft. It can be eaten raw as fruit, boiled or fried. The flavour is strong and sweet like that of pineap
155、ple or banana, sweet but less juicy. The large seeds can be roasted and have a flavour similar to chestnuts or large white beans.Jackapple fruit makes an excellent dessert. It is healthy and full of Vitamin C. The seeds can be eaten after cooking. They can be boiled in salted water, or roasted like
156、chestnuts. Jackapple juice tastes wonderful.（四）总结扩展Step 5 SummaryHave we ever tiled to make snacks or seen our mother make snacks. Lets try to write the recipe for your favorite dish. Before writing, you should read Tips first.4. Workbook1Soon the princess fell in love with Niu Lang. fall in love wi
157、th 用法爱上（某人） 2The time has come to repair the damage that was done to the environment. to repair the damage that was done to the environment 用法此处的不定式短语应理解为The time的定语.3Cutting down trees and selling the wood was the only way for poor families to make some money and feed their families. feed 用法供养 拓展fe
158、ed的其他用法: vt. 1.喂养，饲养 2.向供给 n. 饲料 vi. (牛、马等）吃东西；以为食物 4As a result, all the hills surrounding their village are now covered with green trees. surrounding. 用法1.现在分词短语做定语,和all the hills有逻辑上的主谓关系. 2.surround:v. 围；围绕；包围 举例Trees surrounded the lake. 湖的周围长满了树。 The pupils surrounded the teacher. 学生们围着老师。 5Ne
159、w Zealand kiwi fruit growers decided to introduce the new fruit to the rest of the world and it was a great success. success 用法C 成功的事 ; 取得成就的人 U 成功 举例I wish Jill success with her studies. 我祝愿吉尔在学习上取得成功。 He has had great success in life. 他的事业很成功。 I tried to find him in the crowd, but had no success. 我试图在人群中找到他，但是没有找到。 Mary is a great success as a singer. 玛丽唱歌，红极一时。 He was not a success as a governor. 作Step 7 HomeworkPeriod 7 第七节1 检查本单元单词、短语及相关句型。2 讲评统一布置的课外基础练习。
